HEV TCP ANNUAL REPORT Austria Belgium Canada China Denmark Finland France Germany Ireland Italy Netherlands Norway Republic of Korea Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States THE ELECTRIC DRIVE SCALES UP HEV TCP ANNUAL REPORT 2020 Implementing Agreement for Co-operation on Hybrid and Electric Vehicle Technologies and Programmes (HEV TCP) is an international membership group formed to produce and disseminate balanced, objective information about advanced electric, hybrid, and fuel cell vehicles. It enables member countries to discuss their respective needs, share key information, and learn from an ever-growing pool of experience from the development and deployment of hybrid and electric vehicles. The TCP on Hybrid and Electric Vehicles (HEV TCP) is organised under the auspices of the International Energy Agency (IEA) but is functionally and legally autonomous. Views, findings and publications of the HEV TCP do not necessarily represent the views or policies of the IEA ieahev.org Secretariat or its individual member countries. EDITORS CONTRIBUTING AUTHORS Kate Palmer, Task 1 OA Urban Foresight AUSTRIA JAPAN Mauritsch Walter, Austria Tech Hideki Kamitatara, IEA Paul Blakeman Gerfried Jungmeier, Joanneum Research Yoshinobu Sato, METI Urban Foresight Maria Hingsamer, Joanneum Research Andreas Dorda, BMK MOROCCO Kiener Constanze, BMK Mouad Boulakhbar, IRESEN BELGIUM NETHERLANDS Carlo Mol, VITO Sonja Munnix, Netherlands Enterprise Agency Bert Witkamp, Valuad NORWAY CANADA Andreas Bratland, The Research Council Carol Burelle, Natural Resources Canada of Norway Erik Figenbaum, TOI CHINA Jon Suul, Sintef Rujie Yu, CATARC Huan Renhuan, CATARC REPUBLIC OF KOREA Chuan Chen, CATARC Ock-Taek Lim, Univery of Ulsan DENMARK SPAIN Michael Rask, Raskgreentech Cristina Corchero, IREC Manel Sanmarti, IREC FINLAND Isabel del Olmo Florez, IDEA Mikko Koskue, Business Finland Juan Francisco Larrazábal Roche, IDEA Mikko Pihlatie, VTT Dirección Ahorro y Eficiencia, IDEA Joel Anttila, VTT SWEDEN FRANCE Peter Kasche, Sweden Energy Agency Maxime Pasquier, ADEME Martina Wikström, Sweden Energy Agency Jérémie Almosni, ADEME Peter Kasche, Sweden Energy Agency Ariane Rozo, ADEME SWITZERLAND GERMANY Stephan Walter, Swiss Federal Office of Energy Hannes Neupert, EnergyBus e.V. Men Wirz, Swiss Federal Office of Energy Anke Torkuhl, EnergyBus e.V. Gereon Meyer, VDI/VDE-IT TURKEY Stephan Schmid, DLR Abdulkadir Balikci, TÜBİTAK Oezcan Deniz, DLR Ahmet Avsar, TÜBİTAK Amelie Ewert, DLR Matthias Laske, FZ Jülich UNITED KINGDOM David Beeton, Urban Foresight IRELAND Tim Ward, OLEV Graham Brennan, SEAI Rob Gould, OLEV Declan Meally, SEAI UNITED STATES ITALY Steven Boyd, US Department of Energy Francesco Velluci, ENEA David Howell, US Department of Energy Federico Karagulian, ENEA James F. Miller, Argonne National Laboratory Antonino Genovese, ENEA Burak Ozpineci, Oak Ridge National Laboratory CONTENTS SECTION A ABOUT HEV TCP 2 Chairperson's Message 5 The IEA & The HEV TCP SECTION B HEV TCP TASKS 18 Task 01 68 Task 35 Information Exchange Fuel cell EVs 21 Task 23 76 Task 37 Light-Electric-Vehicle Parking Extreme Fast Charging & Charging Infrastructure 81 Task 39 28 Task 26 Interoperability of Wireless Power Transfer For e-mobility services Electric Vehicles 87 Task 40 32 Task 30 CRM4EV: Critical Raw Materials Assessment of Environmental for Electric Vehicles Effects of Electric Vehicles 95 Task 41 43 Task 32 Electric Freight Vehicles Small Electric Vehicles 101 Task 42 48 Task 33 EV City Casebook Battery Electric Buses 60 Task 34 Batteries SECTION C HEV TCP WORLDWIDE 105 Austria 198 Netherlands 112 Belgium 209 Norway 126 Canada 217 Republic of Korea 137 China 224 Spain 146 Denmark 232 Sweden 157 Finland 239 Switzerland 166 France 246 Turkey 170 Germany 256 United Kingdom 177 Ireland 262 United States of America 183 Italy 273 Non Member Country: Japan SECTION D CONTACT INFORMATION 279 Executive committee 281 Support 281 Operating Agents 1 SECTION A ABOUT HEV TCP 2 CHAIRPERSON'S MESSAGE HEV TCP Annual Report 2020 CHAIRPERSON'S MESSAGE AS THE CHAIRPERSON OF THE HYBRID AND ELECTRIC VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY COLLABORATION PROGRAMME (HEV TCP), A PART OF THE INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY’S ENERGY TECHNOLOGY NETWORK, I HAVE THE PLEASURE TO INTRODUCE THE 2020 ANNUAL REPORT. In November 2019, the International Energy Agency approved another five-year term of the HEV-TCP, for the period March 2020 to February 2025. Although electric vehicles are commercially available and accepted in today’s society, a number of challenges remain for mass adoption and the work of the TCP continues to be very relevant. During the new term, our focus will expand beyond on-road vehicles, to include the electrification of other transport modes and will include future mobility systems, such as shared, connected and automated mobility. The HEV TCP, with a membership of 19 countries, collaborates on shared projects (Tasks) to better understand and address technical and non-technical challenges, and provide guidance to policy makers. The TCP currently manages a total of 18 Tasks. The following new Tasks were initiated in 2019: • Task 42: Scaling Up EV Markets and EV City Casebook • Task 43: Vehicle/Grid Integration • Task 44: Impact of Connectivity and Automation on Electrified Vehicle Usage and Benefits • Task 45: Electrified Roadways (e-Roads) Also in 2019, the TCP closed the following Tasks, for which final reports (where indicated) are available for download on HEV-TCP website at www.ieahev.org: • Task 25: Plug-In Electric Vehicles • Task 26: Wireless Charging • Task 28: Home Grids and V2X Technologies (Final Report and V2X Roadmap) 3 CHAIRPERSON'S MESSAGE HEV TCP Annual Report 2020 At the end of 2019, the global plug-in electric vehicle (PEV) population for the light-vehicle sector was approximately 7.5 million. Global deliveries of PEVs in 2019 passed the 2.2 million mark and represents a share of approximately 2.5% of all light-vehicle sales. This is up from the 2.2% share in 2018, but below anticipated projections. As shown in Figure 1, global deliveries of PEVs did not follow the same trend in growth rate as the previous six years, with only a 9% growth over 2018. Figure 2 shows that this change was more significant in the second half of 2019, where monthly global PEV sales saw a decline compared to the same period in 2018. According to EV-volumes.com, China and the USA experienced the greatest decline in sales, while Europe saw increased growth overall for the sector. Some of the contributing factors include reduced subsidies and more stringent technical regulations in China starting in July 2019, and a decrease of deliveries in the USA compared to the boom in the second half of 2018.1 Figure 1: Global Plug-In Deliveries Source: http://www.ev- volumes.com/country/ total-world-plug-in-vehicle- volumes/ Figure 2: Global Monthly Plug-In Vehicle Sales Source: http://www.ev- volumes.com/country/ total-world-plug-in-vehicle- volumes/ Notwithstanding the departure from the projected growth rate of PEVs sales in 2019, the recent unprecedented global outbreak of the novel coronavirus has paralyzed key parts of the economy in China, Europe and North America. The outlook for global PEV sales for the coming year is extremely difficult to predict in such uncertain times. As a result of the pandemic, factories across the globe have experienced closures or retooling to manufacture essential medical equipment. Mandated quarantines and self-distancing requirements means that consumers are not buying cars. Although oil prices are at an all-time low, people 1 http://www.ev-volumes.com/ have nowhere to go. But if oil prices stay low, some consumers may purchase an country/total-world-plug-in- internal combustion engine vehicle instead of paying a premium for a PEV. It is vehicle-volumes/ impossible to know how long the crisis will last, to what extent the industry will 4 CHAIRPERSON'S MESSAGE HEV TCP Annual Report 2020 be impacted, or how long the economy will take to recover. The electrification of transportation is essential to meet a clear commitment to become carbon neutral by 2050, it may just take a little longer to get back on the path. The spring meeting of the HEV TCP Executive Committee (ExCo) was schedule to take place on Jeju Island, South Korea at the end of April 2020. In an abundance of caution, the meeting was cancelled early. I would like to thank South Korea for offering to host the meeting and for all the efforts made to welcome us. We look forward to working with South Korea to host a meeting at some time in the future. The next face-to-face meeting of the HEV TCP ExCo will be held in Dundee, Scotland, in November 2020. At this meeting, we will formally welcome China as the newest member of the TCP, as of January 2020. China is a recognized global leader in the adoption of EVs, and is a great addition to the TCP. ADMINISTRATIVE CHANGES AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 2019 saw changes to two key positions in the TCP. Firstly, David Howell (USA) stepped down from the position of Deputy Chair of the ExCo after many years and Sonja Munnix (the Netherlands) was elected as a new Deputy Chair late in 2019. Secondly, effective January 2020, the responsibility of Operating Agent for Task 1 on Information Exchange has transitioned from VDI/VDE-IT (Germany) to Urban Foresight (United Kingdom). As the Chairperson for the HEV TCP, I would like to recognize the excellent support provided by Dr. James Miller (Argonne National Laboratory) as the HEV TCP Secretary, and the generous contribution from the US Department of Energy for financing the position of the Secretary. I would like to express my sincere thanks to both David Howell (USA) and Ock Taeck Lim (South Korea) for their support as Deputy Chairs, as well as to Gereon Meyer, Jadranka Dokic, and Heike Jürgens from VDI/VDE-IT for their excellent work with Task 1 over the past five years.