Jews in Medieval Christendom Études sur le Judaïsme Médiéval Fondées par Georges Vajda Dirigées par Paul B. Fenton TOME LX The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/ejm Jews in Medieval Christendom “Slay Them Not” Edited by Kristine T. Utterback Merrall Llewelyn Price LEIDEN • BOSTON 2013 Cover image courtesy of the Royal Library of Denmark. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Jews in medieval Christendom : slay them not / edited by Kristine T. Utterback, Merrall Llewelyn Price. pages cm. — (Etudes sur le Judaisme medieval ; Tome 60) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-90-04-25043-7 (hardback : alk. paper) — ISBN 978-90-04-25044-4 (e-book) 1. Judaism—Relations—Christianity. 2. Christianity and other religions—Judaism. 3. Christianity and antisemitism—History. 4. Jews—History—70–1789. 5. Judaism (Christian theology)— History of doctrines—Middle Ages, 600–1500. 6. Europe—Church history—600–1500. I. Utterback, Kristine T., editor of compilation. II. Price, Merrall Llewelyn, 1965–, editor of compilation. III. Utterback, Kristine T., editor of compilation. Jewish resistance to conversion in the late-medieval Crown of Aragon. BM535.J498 2013 305.892’404—dc23 2013026459 This publication has been typeset in the multilingual “Brill” typeface. With over 5,100 characters covering Latin, IPA, Greek, and Cyrillic, this typeface is especially suitable for use in the humanities. For more information, please see www.brill.com/brill-typeface. ISSN 0169-815X ISBN 978-90-04-25043-7 (hardback) ISBN 978-90-04-25044-4 (e-book) Copyright 2013 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Global Oriental, Hotei Publishing, IDC Publishers and Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. All rights reserved. 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CONTENTS Notes on Contributors ................................................................................... vii Introduction ..................................................................................................... 1 An Iconographical Study of the Appearance of Synagoga in Carolingian Ivories ............................................................................... 7 Nancy Bishop The “Zeal of God”: The Representation of Anger in the Latin Crusade Accounts of the 1096 Rhineland Massacres ..................... 25 Kate McGrath Race, Anti-Jewish Polemic, Arnulf of Seéz, and the Contested Papal Election of Anaclet II (A.D. 1130) ............................................ 45 Irven M. Resnick “Vitam finivit infelicem”: Madness, Conversion, and Adolescent Suicide among Jews in Late Twelfth-Century England .................. 71 Ephraim Shoham-Steiner Politics, Prophecy and Jews: The Destruction of Jerusalem in Anglo-Norman Historiography ......................................................... 91 K.M. Kletter King Henry III and the Jews ........................................................................ 117 Robert C. Stacey Aquinas on the Forced Conversion of Jews: Belief, Will, and Toleration ............................................................................................ 129 Jennifer Hart Weed Dante and the Jews ........................................................................................ 147 Jay Ruud vi contents Jewish Resistance to Conversion in the Late-Medieval Crown of Aragon ...................................................................................................... 163 Kristine T. Utterback Medieval Antisemitism and Excremental Libel .................................... 177 Merrall Llewelyn Price Between a Rock and a Hard Place: Rulers, Cities, and “their” Jews in Austria during the Persecutions of the Fourteenth Century .... 189 Eveline Brugger Codifying Jews: Jews in Austrian Town Charters of the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries ....................................................................... 201 Birgit Wiedl Making the Jews in the Hours of Mary de Bohun ................................ 223 Carlee A. Bradbury The Christian-Jewish Debate and the Catalan Atlas ........................... 245 Judy Schaaf Mythologizing the Jewish Other in “The Prioress’s Tale” ................... 275 Barbara Stevenson “Him Jesus, that Jew”!—Representing Jewishness in the York Plays ..................................................................................................... 287 Miriamne Ara Krummel Complex Relations between Jews and Christians in Late Medieval German and Other Literature ................................................................ 313 Albrecht Classen Select Bibliography ......................................................................................... 339 Index ................................................................................................................... 343 NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS The contributors, from three continents, represent multiple career stages, disciplines, and academic backgrounds. Nancy Bishop is an art historian currently working as visiting instruc- tor at Fort Lewis College in Durango, Colorado. She graduated from the University of Iowa and focuses on early medieval visual art. Kate McGrath is an associate professor of history at Central Connecticut State University. She works primarily on the imputation of anger and shame in medieval European texts dealing with violence. Irven M. Resnick holds the Chair of Excellence in Judaic Studies at the University of Tennessee in Chattanooga. He has published numerous translations of historical documents dealing with Jews and Judaism in medi- eval Christendom, including Peter the Venerable’s Against the Inveterate Obduracy of the Jews, Fathers of the Church Mediaeval Continuation 14 (Washington D.C.: Catholic University of America Press, 2013). His most recent monograph is entitled Marks of Distinction: Christian Perceptions of Jews in the High Middle Ages (Washington D.C.: Catholic University of America Press, 2012). Ephraim Shoham-Steiner is a senior lecturer in the Department of Jewish History at Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheva. He is interested in most medieval Jewish social and religious history. His book: On the Margins of a Minority: Leprosy Madness and Disability Among the Jews of Medieval Europe (Detroit: Wayne State University Press) is forthcoming in 2014. Karen Kletter is an associate professor of history at Methodist University in North Carolina. She focuses on historiography and intellectual history. Robert Stacey is Dean of the College of Arts and Sciences and Professor of European history at the University of Washington. He has published extensively on Jewish history, particularly that of medieval England. Jennifer Hart Weed is an associate professor of philosophy at the University of New Brunswick. Her focus is medieval philosophy, particularly that of Thomas Aquinas. viii notes on contributors Jay Ruud is a professor and chair of the Department of English at the University of Central Arkansas. He has published on Chaucer, Dante, Julian of Norwich, J.R.R. Tolkien, and medieval antisemitism. Kristine T. Utterback is an associate professor of religious studies at the University of Wyoming. Her interests include Jewish-Christian interac- tions in fourteenth century Aragon and medieval pilgrimage. Merrall Llewelyn Price is an associate professor of interdisciplinary stud- ies at Western Kentucky University, and an affiliate faculty member at Oklahoma State University. She publishes on religion and the medieval body, and is at work on a Chaucer monograph. Eveline Brugger is a research fellow at the Institute for Jewish History in Austria, St. Pölten. Apart from her work on editing medieval Jewish docu- ments, her research interests include urban history, Jewish-Christian rela- tions, and cultural translation. Birgit Wiedl is a research fellow at the Institute for Jewish History in Austria, St. Pölten. Apart from her work on editing medieval Jewish docu- ments, her research interests include urban history, Jewish-Christian rela- tions, and cultural translation. Carlee A. Bradbury is an associate professor of art history at Radford University in Virginia. She is interested in medieval manuscript iconogra- phy, particularly that of Jews and Judaism. Judy Schaaf is a professor of English at the University of Massachusetts, Dartmouth, interested in the delineation of Jewishness in English medi- eval history, particularly in visual representation. Barbara Stevenson is a professor emerita of English at Kennesaw State University. Her research interests include Chaucer and medieval women writers. Miriamne Ara Krummel is an associate professor of English literature at the University