THE SITUATION OF SYRIAN REFUGEES IN THE NEIGHBORING COUNTRIES: FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ORSAM Report No: 189 April 2014 ISBN: 978-605-4615-87-2 Ankara - TURKEY ORSAM © 2014 Content of this report is copyrighted to ORSAM. Except reasonable and partial quotation and exploitation under the Act No. 5846, Law on Intellectual and Artistic Works, via proper citation, may not be used or re-published without prior per- PLVVLRQE\256$0$VVHVVPHQWVH[SUHVVHGLQWKLVUHSRUWUHÁHFWRQO\WKHRSLQLRQVRILWVDXWKRUVDQGGRQRWUHSUHVHQW the instiutional opinion of ORSAM. By: Oytun Orhan, Project Coordinator, ORSAM Project Team: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ferhat Pirinççi, Uludağ University Assoc. Prof. Dr. Serhat Erkmen, Ahi Evran University Dr. Tuğba Evrim Maden, ORSAM Dr. Seyfi Kılıç, ORSAM Bilgay Duman, ORSAM A. Selcan Özdemirci, Sakarya University Middle East Implementation and Research Center ORSAM 2 Report No: 189, April 2014 Contents Presentation ........................................................................................................................................................................... 5 Introduction .......................................................................................................................................................................... 7 I. THE SITUATION OF SYRIAN REFUGEES IN TURKEY ................................................................................... 9 1. Basic Data on the Syrians in Turkey ..................................................................................................................... 9 2. The Legal Status of the Syrian Citizens in Turkey ............................................................................................. 11 3. Situation of the Syrian Refugees in Turkey ......................................................................................................... 11 a. Syrians living in camps and the general conditions of camps ..................................................................... 11 b. Syrians living outside of camps ......................................................................................................................... 14 4. Turkish People’s Attitude towards Syrians .......................................................................................................... 15 a. Demographical Characteristics of Local Settlement..................................................................................... 16 b. The Rate of Syrians to Local People ................................................................................................................. 17 c. Kinship Relations .................................................................................................................................................. 17 d. Economic Factors ................................................................................................................................................. 18 e. The Issue of Duration .......................................................................................................................................... 19 f. Security and Political Developments ................................................................................................................ 19 General Assessment ............................................................................................................................................................. 19 II. THE SITUATION OF SYRIAN REFUGEES IN JORDAN ................................................................................... 20 1. Basic Data about the Situation of Syrians in Jordan .......................................................................................... 20 2. The Legal Status of the Syrians in Jordan ............................................................................................................. 22 3. The General Trend of the Syrian Immigration to Jordan .................................................................................. 23 4. The General Conditions of the Syrian Refugee Camps in Jordan .................................................................. 24 a. Zaatari Camp......................................................................................................................................................... 24 b. Emirates-Jordanian Camp .................................................................................................................................. 26 c. Azraq Camp........................................................................................................................................................... 27 5. The Impact of the Syrians on Jordan and the Basic Problems of Refugees ................................................... 28 a. Economic Impact ................................................................................................................................................. 28 b. Education ............................................................................................................................................................... 29 c. Health ..................................................................................................................................................................... 30 d. Water Problems .................................................................................................................................................... 30 e. Other Social Problems ......................................................................................................................................... 30 General Assessment ............................................................................................................................................................. 31 III. THE SITUATION OF SYRIAN REFUGEES IN LEBANON ............................................................................... 33 1. Data on the Syrians in Lebanon ............................................................................................................................. 33 2. The Legal Status of the Syrians in Lebanon ......................................................................................................... 34 3. The General Trend in Migration to Lebanon ..................................................................................................... 34 4. Major Problems of the Syrians in Lebanon .......................................................................................................... 36 a. Accommodation ................................................................................................................................................... 36 b. Education ............................................................................................................................................................... 37 c. Health .................................................................................................................................................................... 38 d. Other Social Problems ........................................................................................................................................ 38 5. Lebanese Attitudes towards Syrian Refugees ...................................................................................................... 39 General Assessment ............................................................................................................................................................. 41 IV. THE SITUATION OF SYRIAN REFUGEES IN IRAQ ......................................................................................... 42 1. The General Trend of Syrian Immigration towards Iraq .................................................................................. 42 2. Basic Data about the Syrian Refugees and The Refugees’ Legal Status .......................................................... 44 3. General Situation in the Camps and Main Problems ........................................................................................ 49 4. The Refugees’ Reasons for Immigration, Possibility of Return and Political Views .................................... 51 5. Local People – Syrian Refugee Relations ............................................................................................................. 53 General Assessment ............................................................................................................................................................. 53 GENERAL EVALUATION.................................................................................................................................................. 55 ORSAM Report No: 189, April 2014 3 Chart and Graphs Chart-1 Basic Data about the Sheltering Centers in Turkey ........................................................................................ 10 Chart-2 Syrian Refugees outside of the Sheltering Centers in Turkey ....................................................................... 10 Chart-3 Distribution of the Syrian Refugees in Turkey according to their City of Origin .....................................10 Chart-4 The Basic Data about the Syrian Refugee Camps in Iraq .............................................................................. 47 Chart-5 Statistics on the Refugees in Iraq that Live out of the Camps ...................................................................... 47 Chart-6