immmmmu NOTICE: Return or renew alt Library Materials! The Minimum Fee for each Lost Book Is $50.00. The person charging this material is responsible for its return to the library from which it was withdrawn on or before the Latest Date stamped below. Theft, mutilation, and underlining of books are reasons for discipli- nary action and may result In dismissal from the University. To renew call Telephone Center, 333-8400 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LIBRARY AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN m •' 2m MAR1 m ' 9. 2011 m nt ^AR 2 8 7002 H«ro 2002 - JUL 2 2ii^ APR . -.^ art Ll( S~tH ^ v^ a ILLINOIS CLASSICAL STUDIES VOLUME XIX 1994 ISSN 0363-1923 ILLINOIS CLASSICAL STUDIES VOLUME XIX 1994 SCHOLARS PRESS ISSN 0363-1923 ILLINOIS CLASSICAL STUDIES VOLUME XIX Studies in Honor of Mirosiav Marcovich Volume 2 The Board of Trustees University of Illinois Copies of the journal may be ordered from: Scholars Press Membership Services P.O. Box 15399 Aaanta,GA 30333-0399 Printed in the U.S.A. EDITOR David Sansone ADVISORY EDITORIAL COMMITTEE William M. Calder IH J. K. Newman Eric Hostetter S. Douglas Olson Howard Jacobson Maryline G. Parca CAMERA-READY COPY PRODUCED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF MARY ELLEN FRYER Illinois Classical Studies is published annually by Scholars Press. Camera- ready copy is edited and produced in the Department of the Classics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Each contributor receives fifty offprints free of charge. Contributions should be addressed to: The Editor, Illinois Classical Studies Department of the Classics 4072 Foreign Languages Building 707 South Mathews Avenue Urbana, Illinois 61801 Miroslav Marcovich Doctor of Humane Letters, Honoris Causa The University of Illinois 15 May 1994 . Contents Miroslav Marcovich: Addenda to List of Publications 1 1 The Name of Achilles: Questions of Etymology and "Folk-Etymology" 3 GREGORY NAGY, Harvard University 2. Heraclitus on Old and New Months: T'.Ojty. 3710 11 DAVID SIDER, Fordham University 3. A propos d'Iphigdnie dans VAgamemnon d'Eschyle 19 JACQUELINE DE ROMILLY, College de France 4. Anonymity and Polarity: Unknown Gods and Nameless Altars at the Areopagos 27 ALBERT HENRICHS, Harvard University 5. Bride or Concubine? lole and Heracles' Motives in the Trachiniae 59 CHARLES SEGAL Harvard University 6. Conjectures on Oedipus at Colonus 65 R. D. DAWE. Trinity College, Cambridge 7. Euripides Outside Athens: A Speculative Note 73 P. E. EASTERLING, Newnham College, Cambridge 8. E\)7i6pa>5 e'xeiv and Antiphon, De cflede //ero^w 76 81 JAMES DIGGLE, Queens' College. Cambridge 9. Style, Genre and Author 83 KENNETH DOVER. University of St. Andrews 10. "Opening Socrates": The Eikcov of Alcibiades 89 HELEN F. NORTH, Swarthmore College 11. Philip II, The Greeks, and The King 346-336 B.C. 99 JOHN BUCKLER, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 12. Reflexe hellenistischer Dichtungstheorie im griechischen Epigramm 123 CHRISTOPH RIEDWEG. Johannes Gutenberg-UniversitSt Mainz . 1 13. La Ruse de Bacchis et le Chant du Rossignol (Plaute, Bacchides 37-38) 151 HUBERT ZEHNACKER. University de Paris-Sorbonne 14. On the Training of the Agrimensores in Republican Rome and Related Problems: Some Preliminary Observations 161 C. JOACHIM CLASSEN, Georg-August-Universitat, Gottingen 15. Virgil's Danaid Ekphrasis 171 MICHAEL C. J. PUTNAM, Brown University 16. How to be Philosophical about the End of the Aeneid 191 KARL GAUNSKY, The University of Texas at Austin 17. Zu Appuleius, Mefam<9r/7/i(9.se/i 1. 15 203 REINHOLD MERKELBACH, Universitat Koln 18. Babrius, Fa^. 78: A New MS 205 JOHN VAIO, University of Illinois at Chicago 19. Some Manuscripts of Dionysius the Periegete 209 MICHAEL REEVE, Pembroke College, Cambridge 20. Notes on the Second Sophistic in Palestine 221 JOSEPH GEIGER, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 21 Singing Without an Instrument: Plotinus on Suicide 23 JOHN DILLON, Trinity College, Dublin 22. Quintilian, Tyconius and Augustine 239 CHARLES KANNENGIESSER. Concordia University, Montreal 23. Verkannte Genitive bei Prudentius 253 CH. GNILKA, Westfalische Wilhehns-Universitat Milnster 24. Das Schrifttum des Oriens Christianus als Bestandteil der spatantiken Literatur 261 JOHANNES IRMSCHER. Berlin 25. Der Humanist und das Buch: Heinrich Rantzaus Liebeserklarung an seine Biicher 265 WALTHER LUDWIG, Universitat Hamburg Miroslav Marcovich: Addenda to List of Publications {ICS 18 [1993] 1-17) I. BOOKS 24. lustini Martyris Dialogus cum Tryphone. Ed. M. M., Patristische Texte und Studien (Berlin: Walter de Gruyter 1995) sub prelo 25. dementis Alexandrini Protrepticus. Ed. M. M. (Leiden- E J Brill 1995) sub prelo The Name of Achilles: Questions of Etymology and "Folk-Etymology' GREGORY NAGY In his book on the language of the Linear B tablets, Leonard R. Palmer explained the etymology of the name of Achilles, 'AxvX(X)£U(;, as a shortened variant of a compound formation *Akhi-lauos, built from the roots of axoq, "grief," and of Xaoq, "host of fighting men, folk," morphologically parallel to such "Caland" compounds as Homeric ia)5i- dveipa and Oi6i-7i65ri(;. ' The posited morphological shortening from Akhflauos to 'AxiA.(?i)eTJ<;, with optional doubhng of the last consonant in the shortened variant, is paralleled by such forms as Xapi-^aoq and Xdpi>.A.oq (cf. also ^iXevc, vs. OiXXexx;)? What follows is a brief reassessment of Palmer's explanation, in the wake of over thirty years of intermittent debate. In my own work on the name of Achilles, I agreed with Palmer's reconstruction of *Akhilauos, offering further evidence on the two distinct levels of linguistics and poetics.^ The linguistic evidence was primarily morphological, with a few additions to the examples already adduced by Palmer."* The poetic evidence came mainly from the formulaic system attested in the Dickersprache of the Homeric Iliad and Odyssey. ' L. R. Palmer, The Interpretation of Mycenaean Greek Texts (Oxford 1963) 78-79. The original formulation for this kind of compound: W. Caland, "Beitrage zur kennlnis des Avesla: Adjectiva auf -ra in der composition," Zeitschrift fiir vergleichende Sprachforschung 32 (1893) 592; cf. E. Risch, Wortbildung der homerischen Sprache, 2nd ed. (Berlin 1974) 218-19. ^ Palmer (previous note) 79. On the morphology of -eiiq, as in 'AxiX(X)e\)<;, see Palmer 78; cf. J.-L. Perpillou, Les substantifs grecs en -fdq (Paris 1973) 167-299. See also in general J. Schindler, "On the Greek Type ijrjtDiq," in A. Morpurgo Davies and W. Meid (eds.). Studies in Greek, Italic, and Indo-European Linguistics Offered to Leonard R. Palmer on the Occasion of his Seventieth Birthday, Innsbrucker Beitrage zur Sprachwissenschaft 16 (Innsbruck 1976) 349-52, who demonstrates that this type of suffix is not a borrowing from a non-Indo-European language and that ev)-stems are in general secondary fomiations derived from o-stems. ^G. Nagy, The Best of the Achaeans: Concepts of the Hero in Archaic Greek Poetry (Baltimore 1979) 69-93; for the original fomiulation of the argument, see Nagy, "The Name of Achilles: Etymology and Epic," in Morpurgo Davies and Meid (previous note) 209-37. "* Nagy, Best of the Achaeans (previous note) 70; cf. "The Name of Achilles" (previous note) 209-10. 4 Illinois Classical Studies 19 (1994) First of all, we may note that the noun axoq, "grief," is a functional synonym of nevGoq, "grief," in the Homeric Dichtersprache; for example, the personal grief of Achilles over Briseis is axo<; at//. 1. 188, 16. 52, 55 and nevGoc; at 1. 362; his grief over Patroklos is axoq at 18. 22, 23. 47 and TiEvGoc; at 18. 73; likewise, the collective grief of the Achaeans is axoq at 16. 22 and nhQoc, at 9. 3.^ This thematic parallelism between axo<; and nEvGoq is pertinent, I argued, to the morphological parallelism between Palmer's reconstructed "Caland" compounds *Akhi-lauos and *Penthi- lauos, matching respectively the shortened "Caland" forms 'AxiX(X)et)(; and nevGiXoq.^ Second, I argued at length that the poetic evidence of the Homeric Dichtersprache reveals "a pervasive nexus" between a^oq and 'AxiX(>.)£t)(;, which is "integrated in the inherited formulaic system and hence deeply rooted in the epic tradition."'' This statement is quoted, with approval, by Gary B. Holland, who then goes on to summarize my overall interpretation of the Iliad along the lines of this etymology: It also seems clear that Achilles' actions (or lack of action) lead to axoi; for the host of fighting men. In Nagy's formula, Achilles' axoq leads to Achilles' |ifivi(; leads to olxoc, of the Achaeans. Furthennore, while the Trojans appear to be winning, that is, while they have the KpdTO(; "power," the Achaeans have axoc,. Thus, the thematic associations of axoq and Xaoq with the name of Achilles provide further corroboration for the etymology proposed by Palmer.* Despite his agreement on the level of poetics, Holland has two objections on the level of linguistics. First, he suggests that the thematic nexus between axoc, and 'AxvA.(X)ev»<; may be a matter of "folk-etymology," not etymology: "The preponderance of axoq and its derivatives may simply be due to a folk-etymological association of the word with the name of Achilles on the part of the epic poet(s), and not to an actual etymological connection" (emphasis mine).' Second, he suggests that my translation of the "Caland" compound Akhi-lauos, "whose Xaoq has axo<;," "seems wrong for this compound type," because "dependent noun compounds are ' Nagy, Best of the Achaeans (above, note 3) 94; cf. "The Name of Achilles" (above, note 3)221. ^ Nagy, Best of the Achaeans (above, note 3) 72; cf. "The Name of Achilles" (above, note 3)210. ' Nagy, Best of the Achaeans (above, note 3) 79. * G. B. Holland, "The Name of Achilles: A Revised Etymology," Glottal \ (1993) 17-27, at 22. For the original version of the formulation paraphrased here, see Nagy, "The Name of Achilles" (above, note 3) 216.