Private-Sector Agricultural Research and Innovation in Senegal Recent Policy, Investment, and Capacity Trends Gert-Jan Stads and Louis Sène July 2011 TABLE OF CONTENTS Acronyms ................................................................................................................................................................................iv Abstract ...................................................................................................................................................................................vi Background ............................................................................................................................................................................. 1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................................ 1 Agriculture in Senegal ......................................................................................................................................................... 1 Government Policy on Agriculture .......................................................................................................................................... 2 Initiatives to Revive Agriculture .......................................................................................................................................... 2 The Agriculture, Forestry, and Livestock Act (LOASP)..................................................................................................... 2 The Great Push Forward for Agriculture, Food, and Abundance (GOANA) .................................................................... 3 Return to Agriculture (REVA) .......................................................................................................................................... 3 Laws and Administrative Framework of Regulations in the Agricultural Sector ................................................................ 4 Agricultural Innovation Policies .......................................................................................................................................... 5 Seed Policy .......................................................................................................................................................................... 5 Agrochemical Policy ............................................................................................................................................................ 6 Fertilizer Policy .................................................................................................................................................................... 7 Livestock Policy ................................................................................................................................................................... 8 Fisheries Policy .................................................................................................................................................................... 8 Public-sector Agricultural R&D in Senegal .............................................................................................................................. 9 Private-sector Agricultural R&D in Senegal .......................................................................................................................... 10 Survey Method .................................................................................................................................................................. 10 Company Classification ..................................................................................................................................................... 11 Private Companies Conducting Agricultural R&D ............................................................................................................. 11 Plantation Crops ............................................................................................................................................................ 11 Horticulture ................................................................................................................................................................... 12 Agrochemicals ............................................................................................................................................................... 13 Fisheries ........................................................................................................................................................................ 13 Livestock and Fodder .................................................................................................................................................... 14 Agricultural Machinery.................................................................................................................................................. 14 Private-Sector Capacity And Investment Trends .................................................................................................................. 14 Human Resources for Agricultural R&D ............................................................................................................................ 14 Public- and Private-Sector Research Focus ....................................................................................................................... 16 Public versus Private-Sector Agricultural R&D Spending .................................................................................................. 19 PublicPrivate and PrivatePrivate Partnerships ............................................................................................................. 21 Private-Sector Innovation ................................................................................................................................................. 21 Mechanisms for creating a more enabling policy environment for private R&D ................................................................. 23 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................................................................. 24 References ............................................................................................................................................................................ 26 Appendix A ............................................................................................................................................................................ 28 ii List of Tables 1. P “ GOANA ............................................................................ 3 2. Number of organizations surveyed by type of organization and primary activity ......................................................... 11 3. Long-term private-sector staffing trends in agricultural R&D, 200108 ........................................................................ 15 4. Crop and livestock research focus by major item, 2008 ................................................................................................ 17 5. Private-sector agricultural R&D expenditures, 200108 ................................................................................................ 18 6. In-house agricultural R&D expenditures as a share of total sales revenues, 2008 ........................................................ 18 7. Number of private firms collaborating with R&D organizations and firms .................................................................... 21 8. Government approval and patenting of innovations ..................................................................................................... 23 9. Number of cultivars registered by the public and private sector for selected crops, 200509 ..................................... 23 10. Recommendations on government policy to stimulate innovation, agricultural R&D, and the importation of new technologies ................................................................................................................................................................... 24 List of Figures 1. Public- and private-sector research focus by major commodity area, 2008 ................................................................. 16 2. Total Public and Private Agricultural R&D Spending, 200108 ...................................................................................... 19 3. Private R&D spending by instigating party ..................................................................................................................... 20 4. Cost-category shares by sector ...................................................................................................................................... 20 5. Sources of major innovation, 200510 .......................................................................................................................... 22 List of Boxes 1. Measuring Agricultural R&D Resources ......................................................................................................................... 15 iii Acronyms ACP African, Caribbean, and Pacific ATRIP African Trade Investment Program Policy AU African Union CGIAR Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research CILSS Comité permanent inter-états de lutte contre la sécheresse [Committee on Drought Control