Projet ROLL2RAIL: New dependable rolling stock for a more sustainable, intelligent and comfortable rail transport in Europe. Deliverable D2.2 - Characterisation of the Railway Environment for Radio Transmission Ronald Raulefs, Stephan Sand, Eneko Echeverria, Imanol Baz, Ion Ansoategui, Thomas Jost, Andreas Lehner, Stephan Pfletschinger, Paul Unterhuber, Marion Berbineau, et al. To cite this version: Ronald Raulefs, Stephan Sand, Eneko Echeverria, Imanol Baz, Ion Ansoategui, et al.. Projet ROLL2RAIL: New dependable rolling stock for a more sustainable, intelligent and comfortable rail transport in Europe. Deliverable D2.2 - Characterisation of the Railway Environment for Radio Trans- mission. [Research Report] IFSTTAR - Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l’Aménagement et des Réseaux. 2016, 186p. hal-01664165 HAL Id: hal-01664165 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01664165 Submitted on 14 Dec 2017 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Contract No. H2020 – 636032 NEW DEPENDABLE ROLLING STOCK FOR A MORE SUSTAINABLE, INTELLIGENT AND COMFORTABLE RAIL TRANSPORT IN EUROPE D2.2 – Characterisation of the Railway Environment for Radio Transmission Due date of deliverable: 30/09/2016 Actual submission date: 10/12/2016 Leader/Responsible of this Deliverable: Ronald Raulefs (DLR), Stephan Sand (DLR) Reviewed: Y Project funded from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme Dissemination Level PU Public x CO Confidential, restricted under conditions set out in Model Grant Agreement CI Classified, information as referred to in Commission Decision 2001/844/EC Start date of project: 01/05/2015 Duration: 30 months R2R-T2.2-D-DZR-006-18 Page 1 of 186 10/12/2016 Contract No. H2020 – 636032 Document status Revision Date Description 1 2015-09-11 First issue, with contributions from IK, outline of planned contributions from IFSTTAR and DLR 2 2016-02-10 Added contributions on Chapters 2, 3 and DLR contributions in Sections 4.1 and 4.4 3 2016-02-16 Added contributions from IFSTTAR in Sections 2.2.1, 2.2.3, 2.2.4 and 3.3.1 4 2016-03-03 Updated Report Contributors, edited Section 2.2.2 and References 5 2016-03-04 Updated Executive Summary and Introduction, Added contribution from IK in Section 4.2 6 2016-03-17 Added contributions from CAF Section 3.2, IK Section 4.2.7, shifted parts of IFSTTAR contribution to Section 4.3 7 2016-03-24 Edited Section 3.2 with updates from CAF, updated Abbreviations and Acronyms, revised Chapters 2, 3 and 4, added Conclusions 8 2016-05-24 Adaption of the document structure on the DDP and included sections about measurements in the field (section 5), and channel models (section 6). 9 2016-05-25 Adaption of Section 4.1 and measurement report of DLR-TI high speed measurements added in Section 5.1 10 2016-07-22 Adaption of Section 4.2 Added contribution from DLR on Chapter 6 11 2016-09-01 Added contributions from IK on Chapter 5 and 6 Adaption of Section 4.3 and added contributions from IFSTTAR on Chapter 5 DLR updated Section 6.1 12 2016-09-15 Added contributions from IFSTTAR on Chapter 5 and 6 General review of Chapter 4, 5 and 6 13 2016-09-30 Peris Eulalia: UNIFE First check 14 2016-10-20 Included review comments (Ronald) 15 2016-11-18 Final comments considered 16 2016-11-21 Removal of Section 4.4 about ITG-G5 measurements. 17 2016-12-10 Editorial modifications to TMT (TALGO) Comments during 2nd round of TMT Review. Version generated by WP2 Leader. R2R-T2.2-D-DZR-006-18 Page 2 of 186 10/12/2016 Contract No. H2020 – 636032 REPORT CONTRIBUTORS Name Company Details of Contribution Eneko Echeverria, CAF Section 3.2 Sources of EM Noise Imanol Baz, Ion Ansoategui Thomas Jost, DLR Editor of deliverable, Executive Summary, Andreas Lehner, Chapters 1, 2, 3, 4.1, 4.4, 5.1, 6.1 and Stephan Pfletschinger Conclusions (editor till March 2016), Ronald Raulefs (editor up from Mai 2016), Stephan Sand (editor), Paul Unterhuber Marion Berbineau, IFSTTAR Sections 2.2, 3.3.1, 4.3, 5.3 and 6.3 Kun Yang Iñaki Val, IK4-IKERLAN Sections 3.2, 3.3.3, 3.4.2, 4.2, 5.2 and 6.2 Aitor Arriola Pierre Emmanuel Reb ALSTOM Host of 60GHz Measurements Juan Moreno, MdM Hosts of Metro Measurements Juan Pablo García Francesco Romano, Maurizio TrenItalia Hosts of High-Speed Measurements D'Atri, Fabrizio Tavano R2R-T2.2-D-DZR-006-18 Page 3 of 186 10/12/2016 Contract No. H2020 – 636032 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Roll2Rail project aims to develop key technologies and to remove already identified blocking points for radical innovation in the field of railway vehicles, as part of a longer term strategy to revolutionize the rolling stock for the future. The results will contribute to the increase of the operational reliability and to the reduction of the life cycle costs. This project started in May 2015 and it is supported by the Horizon 2020 program of the European Commission. Roll2Rail is one of the lighthouse projects of Shift2Rail and will contribute to Innovation Program 1. At the end of the project all the results will be further developed, leading to demonstration in real vehicles or relevant environments in Shift2Rail. Going into detail, this Roll2Rail project covers different rolling stock topics such as Traction (WP1), TCMS (WP2), Car-Body-Shell (WP3), Running-Gear (WP4), Brakes (WP5), Vehicle Interiors (WP6) and transversal activities such as Noise (WP7) and Energy Management (WP8). In that context, WP2 work package’s concrete goal is to make research on technologies and architectures to allow new generation of train communication systems based on Wireless Transmission for Train Control and Monitoring System (TCMS), functions and Infotainment, CCTV applications, thus reducing or even completely eliminating, on board communication cables and simplifying the train coupling procedure. This deliverable describes the motivation and methods for the characterization of the railway environment for radio transmission. After a thorough review of existing measurements and channel models in the railway domain, the gaps for a detailed characterization of the radio environment are identified and based on this analysis, a common methodology is defined. Since channel measurements require a considerable technical effort and experience, the methodology for channel sounding is described in detail. For the preparation and the execution of the measurement campaigns, a strong effort both in terms of equipment as well as trained staff is required. For this reason, the measurement campaign planning is outlined in detail in Chapter 4. Chapter 5 describes the actual three different measurement campaigns carried out. Two measurement campaigns were carried out in the field, i.e. the high-speed line and the urban/metro measurements. These included measurements with one or two trains in the operational environment. The third measurement campaign conducted stationary measurements in a depot for the 60 GHz measurements and a regional train. Finally, Chapter 6 describes the post processing and analysis of the channel measurements. For the high speed line measurements, the large scale and small scale fading parameters are estimated in Section 6.1 for the inter-vehicle channel measurements and the parameters for a tap-delay line channel model are provided. Similarly, Section 6.2 provides the large scale and small scale fading parameters of a channel model for the Metro for inter-consist, intra-consist, and train-to-train scenarios as well as parameters for a tap-delay line channel model for the first two scenarios. Finally, Section 6.3 analyses and estimates parameters for a regional train at 60 GHz carrier frequency for various measurement scenarios such as intra-vehicle and outdoor-to-roof. To conclude, the results of Chapter 6 provide the basis for channel models which are then used in Task 2.7 to simulate and evaluate selected wireless technologies and in channel emulations in Task 2.8 to validate suitable radio technologies for wireless TCMS. R2R-T2.2-D-DZR-006-18 Page 4 of 186 10/12/2016 Contract No. H2020 – 636032 ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS 4G 4th Generation mobile communication 5G 5th Generation mobile communication AC Alternating Current AP Access Point C2C Consist-to-Consist C2I Car-to-Infrastructure CBTC Communication-Based Train Control CCTV Closed-Circuit TeleVision CIR Channel Impulse Response CR Cognitive Radio D2D Device-to-Device DC Direct Current DCS Digital Cellular System DRU Digital Receiving Unit ECN Ethernet Consist Network EIRP Equivalent Isotropically Radiated Power EM ElectroMagnetic EMC ElectroMagnetic Compatibility EMI ElectroMagnetic Interference ERTMS European Rail Traffic Management System ETB Ethernet Train Backbone ETCS European Train Control System FDTD Finite Difference Time Domain FSPL Free Space Path Loss GPRS General Packet Radio Service GPS Global Positioning System R2R-T2.2-D-DZR-006-18 Page 5 of 186 10/12/2016 Contract No. H2020 – 636032 GSCM Geometry-based stochastic channel model GSM-R Global System for Mobile Communications – Railway HSR High-Speed Railway IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronic