Initial Environmental Examination Report Project Number: 46526-007 Loan Number: 3562-PAK Date: July 2020 Punjab Intermediate Cities Improvement Investment Project IEE for Sahiwal Wastewater Treatment Plant Prepared by Project Management Unit of PICIIP, Government of Punjab, Pakistan Sahiwal WWTP Punjab Intermediate Cities Improvement Investment Program (PICIIP) Sahiwal Component TA 8683 (PAK) Initial Environmental Examination Part 2: Sahiwal Wastewater Treatment Plant July 2020 Prepared by PMU - PICIIP for the Asian Development Bank (ADB) Agricultural Marketing Department, Government of Punjab for the (ADB). 2 | P a g e Sahiwal WWTP This Initial Environmental Examination Report is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB’s Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section of the ADB website. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgements as to the legal or other status of any territory or area Acronyms 3 | P a g e Sahiwal WWTP CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS As of 26th July 2020 Currency Unit – Pak Rupees (Pak Rs.) Pak Rs 1.00 = $ 0.00595 US$1.00 = Pak Rs. 168 CONVERSIONS 1 meter = 3.28 feet 1 hectare = 2.47 acre Acronyms ADB Asian Development Bank CIU City Implementation Unit CDIA Cities Development Initiative for Asia PICIIP Punjab Intermediate Cities Improvement Investment Program PMU Project Management Unit SPS Safeguard Policy Statement EA Executing Agency EIA Environment Impact Assessment EPA Environmental Protection Agency ESCF Environment Screening and Categorization Form EMP Environmental Management Plan IA Implementing Agency GoP Government of Pakistan IEE Initial Environmental Examination LAA Land Acquisition Act (of 1984) LARP Land Acquisition and Resettlement Plan Leq Equivalent sound pressure level NEQS National Environmental Quality Standards O&M Operation & Maintenance PC Public consultation PEPA Punjab Environmental Protection Agency PEPAct Pakistan Environment Protection Act 1997 RP Resettlement Plan REA Rapid Environmental Assessment WATSAN Water supply and Sanitation WWTP Wastewater treatment plant Acronyms 4 | P a g e Sahiwal WWTP Table of Content 1 Introduction ....................................................................................................... 20 1.1 Overview ......................................................................................................... 20 1.2 Purpose, Scope and Context of IEE Study ................................................... 20 2 Policy and Legal Framework ........................................................................... 26 3 Project Description ........................................................................................... 42 3.1 Project Description ........................................................................................ 42 3.2 Scope of WWTP Works .................................................................................. 42 3.3 Project Need ................................................................................................... 45 3.4 Project Design Parameters ............................................................................ 46 3.5 Project Components ...................................................................................... 50 3.6 Project Construction Schedule ..................................................................... 61 3.7 Construction Camps and Work Force .......................................................... 61 3.8 Machinery Requirement ................................................................................. 61 3.9 Climate Risks from Project ............................................................................ 62 4 Description of Environment ............................................................................. 77 4.1 Physical Resources ....................................................................................... 77 4.1.1 Sahiwal City Geography ............................................................................. 77 4.1.2 Natural and Climate Conditions of Sahiwal ................................................. 78 4.1.3 Ambient Air Quality ..................................................................................... 81 4.1.4 Noise Levels ............................................................................................... 81 4.1.5 Seismicity ................................................................................................... 85 4.1.6 Surface Water ............................................................................................ 86 4.1.7 Groundwater............................................................................................... 88 4.2 Ecological Resources .................................................................................... 89 4.2.1 Flora of the Area ......................................................................................... 89 4.2.2 Fauna of the Area ....................................................................................... 91 4.2.3 Protected areas / National Sanctuaries....................................................... 93 4.3 Socio-Economic Development ...................................................................... 94 4.3.1 Land Use and Settlements Pattern ............................................................. 95 4.3.2 Agriculture and Livestock............................................................................ 98 4.3.3 Power ......................................................................................................... 99 4.3.4 Industrial Activity ........................................................................................ 99 4.3.5 Water Supply Service ............................................................................... 100 4.3.6 Sewerage System Service ........................................................................ 100 4.3.7 Solid Waste Management ......................................................................... 100 Table of Content 5 | P a g e Sahiwal WWTP 4.3.8 Transport .................................................................................................. 101 4.4 Social Resources ......................................................................................... 102 4.4.1 Employment and Unemployment .............................................................. 103 4.4.2 Educational Services ................................................................................ 104 4.4.3 Health Facilities ........................................................................................ 104 4.4.4 Harappa Archaeological Site as a Tourist Attraction ................................. 105 4.5 Socioeconomic Condition ........................................................................... 105 4.5.1 Settlements Profile ................................................................................... 105 4.5.2 Conflict Resolution Mechanism ................................................................ 105 4.5.3 Public Health ............................................................................................ 106 4.5.4 Cultural and Religious Resources ............................................................. 106 4.5.5 Religion .................................................................................................... 106 4.5.6 Language Spoken .................................................................................... 106 4.5.7 Castes and Minority Groups ..................................................................... 106 4.5.8 Educational Status.................................................................................... 106 4.5.9 Economic Conditions of the Study Area .................................................... 107 5 Analysis of Alternatives ................................................................................... 109 5.1 Overview ....................................................................................................... 109 5.5 Options of Reuse of Treated Effluent for Agriculture ................................ 121 5.6 Options for Biogas Management ................................................................ 122 5.7 Options for Sludge Use ............................................................................... 123 6 Potential Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures........................ 126 6.1 Methodology for impact screening ............................................................. 126 6.2 Design/Pre-Construction Phase .................................................................. 127 6.2.1 Lack of integration of IEE/EMP requirements into Construction bid documents................................................................................................... 128 6.2.2 Material Haul Routes ................................................................................ 128 6.2.3 Contractor’s Environmental Safeguards Capacity ..................................... 129 6.2.5 Cultural Heritage & Religious Sites, Social Infrastructure ......................... 130 6.2.6 Land Acquisition and Resettlement Impacts ............................................. 130 6.3 Construction Phase ....................................................................................