Morphological and physiological studies of the genus Spirogyra Item Type text; Thesis-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Rickert, Francis Brilon, 1914- Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 23/09/2021 14:09:11 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/347460 MORPHOLOGICAL AMD PHISIOLOGICAL STUDIES OF THE GEMS SPIROGYRA' by Francis B. Rickert A Thesis submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY In Partial; Fulfillm ent of the Requirements | For the Degree of " . MASTER OF SCIENCE In the Graduate College THE .UECiTERSITI OF ARIZONA STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This thesis has been submitted in partial fulfillment of re­ quirements for an advanced degree at the University of Arizona and is deposited in The University Library to be made available to bor­ rowers under rules of the Libraiy. Brief quotations from this thesis are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowledgment of source is made* Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of th is manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the head of the major department or the Dean of the Graduate College when in their judgment the proposed use of the material is in the interests of scholarship. In a ll other instances, however, permission must be obtained from the author. APPROVAL BY THESIS DIRECTOR This th esis has been approved on the date shown below: Robert W. Hoshaw z7 Date Professor of Botany AOIOOTIEDGEMEHTS The author mould like to express Ms most sincere appreciation to Bro Hobert Ho Ho^iaw for suggesting this problem and for Ms help and encouragement during the investigation of the problem and the writing of this thesiso Many thanks are also expressed to the other members of the Department of Botany for th eir help and constructive criticismso Deep appreciation is extended to Dr. Clarence E0 Taft for his work on the identification ©f species of Ssirogvra used in this investigationo The author is also indebted to the Mational Science Foundation for the Summer Fellowships For Secondary. School Teachers which made the investigation possible<, Appreciation for technical assistance during the summer of 1963 is extended to Mr* Geoffrey Levinson #10 was working in Ihe Be sear oh Participation Program, of the national Science Foundations Deep appreciation and gratitude is extended, to lfrs« Dorothy Riekerts w ife of the author,, for her patience and for typing this manuscripts > -. '; TABLE OF CONTENTS ;. ": ; ' ' . Page LIS I OF TA.SX{iHlS o 6 o o o o p o O O O <> O O 6 O O O O O O © O O O o. O O O O O <J O oQ © o . © o o o o o o o p © o o q© o V*P X OF FlOXTELSO»© © © ■© © © ©«© © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © p © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © ^nx IMTRODU 0TF03^ © © © © © © ©oooo©©©©©©©©©© © © o o ©© © © © © © © © © © ©© ©o © © ©© © ©© © © © © © © © © IL REVXFIHT OF XiXFERATTJRHI © © © ©©©©©©©oooopp©. ©©©©©oo©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©© 3 Morphology 3*nd Is^conoiiy © © © © © © © © © © © © ©■ © © © © © © © © © © ©©©©©©©©pp©©©©© © 3 Isolation andl Otilttxro©o©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©© © © © © © © © ©© ©©© © © & © <? Lj. M ineral N u tritio n and C ulture Mediaoo <> © © © © ©©»©©© ©© ©»© ©©©©©© ©© © 7 Sexuality andi Conju^ation©©<»o©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©© ©©©©©o©©©©*©©©©©© ^ %y^.ote Germination© © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © ©> © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © 12 MATMIAIiS AMD li^FTHODS© © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © llj. N atu ral C o lle ctio n s © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © ©©©©©©©©©©©o© ©©©©©©op© Ilf. I s o la tio n Frocedure © © © © © ©( © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © ©©©©©«©© © © ©©©©©©©p llj. Growth and Maintenance' of C u ltu res © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © 17 In d u ctio n of Confutation© © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © ©©©©©©©©©©© 20 Zygospore Ge ritimat ion©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©o©©©© © 21 ■ Microscopic and Photographic Equipment © © ©«©«©© © © © © © © © © © © © © © * © © 22 IffiSUITS d © © © © © ©•© •© © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © 23 . - C o lle ctio n and I s o la t ion © © © © * © ©©©o©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©o©©©©©©©©©©© 2 3 Growth and M aintenance o f C u ltu re s © © © © © © © ©© © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © 23 Conjugation© © © © © © © © ©' © © © © © © © ©. © © © © © o'© © ©. © © ©,© © © © © ©'©©©’©©© © © © © ©©©©.© © 2^ IV !L*n.9»‘b3L03fld• 6 © O © © © © ©'© d o <> o o o o o o o © © © © © o o © « © © o o © © o o o e © © 2^ Moarphology. and Taaconomy© © © o© © © © o,© © ©© © ©© © o,© ©© © © ©© © ©© © © © © © © ©© ©© ©o 30 DISCUSSION o O © <9 © © © © O ©60 ;©_ © O © O o O © © © 60© 60© © © © © © o © © o’© © .© oo o o oooooooooooooo 57 Growth and Maintenance of Cultures© © © ©©© ©©©o© © ©o oo© © ©©o© ©©©©©oo 57 Iso la tio n .Procedures o © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © ©«© © © o 59 ConQU^a11ono © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © & © © © © 59 2y*^ospor0 Germination© ©©©©o© ©o© © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © ©»© © © © © © © 60 Morphology and Taxonomy © © © © © © ©♦© © © © © © © ©©©©©o©©©©©© © © © © © © ©©©©©©© 61 S U M M ^ IP I © 0 © © © 0-6 © 0 © © © © o© O © 0 © © 0 © 0 © b © © © 6 © O 0 © © © ' d o © 0 0 6 0 0 0 O O © 6 © o O © 0 © 6 © 0 ,© © © 0 , 6 I4. IITSJi^TUiUij CITJiDo©©©©©ooo©©©©©©©©©©©©©©®©©©©©©©©©©©©©© 6©©©©©©©© •©©©© 06 V LIST OF TABLES Table ' Page 1 Sources for clonal cultures of Splrogyra used in this , ■ ; 0 8 1 igation. Q « • o o o « o 6 s ^ op e o o<i o& e a &o o o« 6 4 6 oq o o eo oo o o e o p. e d ’ y lO 2 Comparison of zygote formation under varying conditionso Average on a 0”^ basiso ® o««oo oo p o o © o o p o o ® © o © © © © © © © © © © © © © © 26 3 , ■" Clorox treatment for/zygospores tokill bacteria with ; percent of germination of zygospores on desmid-agar after treatment©©© © © © © © © © ©©o©©©©©©©*©©©©©© ©©©©©©©©o©©©©©©©©©©©© 29 A Comparison of morphology for vegetative c e lls using 10 or more filaments each from 10 strains©©©.©©©..©©©o©©© 31 5 Comparison of zygospore characteristics with ranges shown by 10 or more zygospores ©...© © © © © ©.©««©©..©o©©©©©.© 33 VI " MST OF FIGURES' , ' ^ ; , . ■ . 1= Spirogyra sp0 (Upper Sabino) vegetative cells3 3 2 $ 0 . 36 .2* ' Spirogyra spe (Gardner Canyon) vegetative c e lls s X250oOoO<,o 36 3o Spirogyra spo (Organ Pipe) vegetative cellss JZ$0e 0»=«„ <, „»6 36 Ii.o Spirogyra sp» (Sycamore Canypn) vegetative c e lls5 X230»»«««, 36 5» Spirogyra sp.o (Snowllake) vegetativp .cells,X 2 3 0 . 38 6 0 Spirogyra spo (Tanque Verde) vegetative cells, X230«o«««o, 0 38 7o Spirogyra sp0 (Eiggs lake) vegetative cells,X 2 3 0 .*> 38 8 0 Spirogyra sp. (Rose Garyon) vegetative c e lls , X230<M,o<,oco«d 38 9» Spirogyra sp. (1.B913) vegetative c e lls , .X230o,««<,<,«<,»...Co = itO 10o Spirogyra sp0 (LB91i|.) vegetative c e lls , X250»»«=».».»»»»,«» lj.0 11o Spirogyra spo (Snowflake) vegetative c e lls , showing tightly coiled chromotaphdres and lhrgevpyrehoids, X530d>oooodooooo i|.0 12o Spirogyra spo (Upper Sabino), natural collection, several . filament widths, cells with papillae forming, ' X123®»«,«o.«» 1|.2 13. Spirogyra spo (Upper Sabino), two cells showing the • beginning of papillae formation, 5XU0..».«....«..«...0»«,.. kZ lit. Spirogyra sp. (Upper Sabino), cells show conjugation tubes formed, protoplasts about to make contact, starch accum­ ulation appears and female gametangium is swollen, X^itO.... itij. 15. Spirogyra Spe (Upper Sabino) > cohjugation tubes formed, prbtoplasts about to make contact, X51tO.................... itit 16. Spirogyra sp. (Upper Sabino), natural collection with zygospores, X9G. o.,...,,......,,........,......,,.....*,... 1^6. 17. Spirogyra sp. (Upper Sabino), zygospores, tubes and-empty Cells , X5itO OO.OOOOOOOOOO. 0,0 O'.OOO 0,0. 0.0 0 0. 00 OO.OOOO, 0 0.0 0 0 1^6 . -V: v i i : ''1 v:;;; ; ■ .. , IS,, gpirogyra sp, (Sabino Cargron), germling just emerging5 132^77777, 0,000 000000 0 0 00, 6. OO, ,0,000 0 , 0, 0,0, ,0, 00'oe, ee,,o, e lj.8 . 19.0 Splrogyra sp, (Sabino Canyon) 5 germling fu lly emerged, one c e ll, -^.325ooo,,,,,,,,,,, ooo,,,,,,,-,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, i^.8 20„ Splrogyra sp, (Sabino Canyon)s 'germling,. two cell stage, X325 , OOOO ,0, 00,0 00 00 O 0,0 O OO 00 OOO, 0,0, 00,0000000000000000000 pS 21, Splrogyra sp0 (Organ Pipe), vegetative filaments show rep 13-0 at e end w alls, iX!600, 000, 0,00 o,,, 00, o,,,, ,, 00,000 000,0 50 22, SplrOgyra sp, (Organ Pipe), normal zygospore,600 X ,....,,,, 50 23, Splrogyra sp, (Organ Pipe), lenticulate zygospore, X600,„,,$0 2ii, Splrogyra sp, . (Organ Pipe), various stages of conjugation, X250 O 06000 0000 O 00 6, O OOO, OOO,,, 00, OOOOOOO 00 000000 00,000 0 0 , 0 0 52 25- 'Splrogyra sp, (Organ Pipe), gametes in one c e ll aborting, X320000,0,,,,6,000 0,000,000000000,0000000000,0000000OOOOOOO 52 26, Splrogyra sp, (Organ Pipe), one cell conjugating at the end w all, in one c e ll gametes have failed to fuse, X320,»«.,»,, 52 27, Splrogyra sp, (Organ Pipe), tubes have just fused, no con­ tact between protoplasts, starch plates prominent, X625,,,, 54 28 , Splrogyra sp, (Organ Pipe), two c e lls with tubes formed, one gamete