TurkJZool 28(2004)97-102 ©TÜB‹TAK TheGastropodsofLakeE¤irdir MehmetZekiYILDIRIM SüleymanDemirelUniversity,BurdurEducationFaculty,Burdur-TURKEY Received:26.02.2003 Abstract: TheGastropodaspeciesanditsdistributionwasinvestigatedinLakeE¤irdir.Itwasdeterminedthat5speciesbelonging toGastropoda,orderProsobranchia(Theodoxusheldreichi,Valvatanaticina,Graecoanatolicalacustristurca,Falsipyrgulapfeiferiand Bithyniapseudemmericia)and7speciesbelongingtotheorderPulmonata( Radixperegra,Stagnicolapalustris,Physafontinalis, Physaacuta,Planorbisplanorbis,Planorbiscarinatus and Gyraulusalbus )werepresent.Gastropodaspeciesfrom9freshwater stationsconnectedwithLakeE¤irdirand10freshwaterstationsthatnotconnectedobviouslywithlakewereinvestigatedto determinetheeffectofaquaticsystemsaroundthelaketothemalacofaunaofLakeE¤irdir. Inadditiontrophiclevelandevolutionoflakehasbeendiscussedaccordingtoecologicaltolerancesanddistributionofspeciesinthe habitats’paleogeographicandhydrogeographicfeatures. KeyWords: LakeE¤irdir,Mollusca E¤irdirGölü(Türkiye)’nünGastropodlar› Özet: E¤irdirGölü’ndeyayılıflgösterensalyangoztürlerivetürlerinyayılıflözellikleriincelenmifltir.GöldeGastropodaGastropoda sınıfı,Prosobranchiaordosunadahilolan5tür( Theodoxusheldreichi,Valvatanaticina,Graecoanatolicalacustristurca,Falsipyrgula pfeiferiand Bithyniapseudemmericia)Pulmonatatakımınadahilolan7türün( Radixperegra,Stagnicolapalustris,Physafontinalis, Physaacuta,Planorbisplanorbis,Planorbiscarinatus and Gyraulusalbus)yayılıflgösterdi¤ibelirlenmifltir.Gölünmalakofaunasına çevredekisuculsistemlerinetkisinibelirlemekamacıylagölleba¤lantılıolan9tatlısuistasyonundayayılıflgösterensalyango ztürleri deincelenmifltir. Ayrıcabelirlenentürlerinekolojikhoflgörülerine,yayılıflgösterdiklerihabitatlarınpalaeoco¤rafikvehidroco¤rafiközellikle rine bakılarakgölüntrofikyapısıveevrimitartıflılmıfltır. AnahtarSözcükler: LakeE¤irdir,Mollusca Introduction thefreshwatergastropodsofwesternAnatolia Bithynia LakeE¤irdiristhefourthlargestlakeinareasize pseudemmericia SCHÜTT, 1964, Physaacuta (48,800ha)inTurkey.Tectonicinorigin,animportant DRAPARNAUD,1805,andPlanorbisplanorbis(L.,1758) partofthepotentialwatersupplyisprovidedbyitsown fromthelake. sources(TÇVY,1993).Thelakehasbeenclassifiedas Duringhisstudyofthegastropodpaleogeographyof oligotrophic(Bildiren,1991;Tanyolaç,1993)or theregionSchütt(1990)examinedPleistocenegastropod mesotrophic(CirikandConk,1995;TurnaandYüce, fossilsfromlakesBurdur,YarıfllıandAcıandtheir 1998)bystudiesmadeatdifferenttimes. relationswiththepresentspecies.Thesameresearcher Accordingtotheliteratureexamined,thefirstever studiedthefossilmolluscsof3Anatolianplains,Konya, studyonLakeE¤irdirmalacofaunawasbyWeber(1927), PasinlerandErzurum.Thisstudyinvolvedpalegeographic whodescribedFalsipyrgulapfeiferiWEBER (1927)from referencestothepresentrangesof T.heldreichi , G. thelake.Afterthat,Schütt(1965)found Theodoxus lacustristurca and B.pseudemmericia, which arestill (Theodoxus)heldreichi(MARTENS,1879)waspresentin foundinLakeE¤irdir(Schütt,1991). thelake.Radoman(1976)described Bithyniaturca Bildiren(1991),inastudyconcerningthebenthic RADOMAN,1976,fromCirevillagespring,aspring faunaoftheLakeE¤irdir-KöprüAvla¤ıarea,discussed indirectlyconnectedtothelake,and Graecoanatolica thedistributionof B.pseudemmericia,R.peregra and lacustristurca RADOMAN,1983,fromthelake Dreissenapolymorpha (PALLAS,1771).fieflenand (Radoman,1983).Bilgin(1980)recordedinhisstudyon Yıldırım(1993)studiedthedistributionoffreshwater 97 TheGastropodsofLakeE¤irdir gastropodsofparasitologicalimportanceinTurkeyand MaterialsandMethods listedthehostspeciesandparasites.Yıldırımandfieflen Thisstudywascarriedoutbetween1993and2001 (1994)determined T.heldreichi,Valvata(Borysthenia) duringallseasonsandmonthsoftheyear.Thematerials naticina(MENKE,1845),B.pseudemmericia,F.pfeiferi, werecollectedfrom13stations(stations1-13):stations G.lacustristurca,Radixauricularia (L.,1758)and representativeofthelakefromaswellas9units Planorbiscarinatus (MÜLLER,1774) ,D.polymorpha, connectedwiththelake(stations14-22)(Figure1). Anadontacygnea(L.,1758) weredistributedinthelake Standardtechniquesandmethodswereused(Zhadin intheirstudyonthemolluscsoffreshwatersystemsin 1965,MalekandCheng1974). BurdurandIsparta. -LakeE¤irdir: 1.SDÜE¤irdirFisheriesFaculty,2. Demirsoy(1999),inhisworkonTurkey’s E¤irdirsa¤lıkoca¤ı,3.Port,4.Yeflilada,5.Plaj zoogeography,explainsthehistoryoffreshwater Mahallesi,6.Akkeçilivillage,7.Gençalivillage,8. organismsofTurkey.Andprovidesinformationaboutthe Taflevivillage;9.Tırtarvillage,10.Gelendost,11. inlandwatersandlakesofAnatolia.Accordingto Karaotcurrentdechargingpoint;12.Mahmatlar Demirsoy,thelakesofwesternandcentralAnatolia village,13.Baybo¤an. showedalossofsaline-freshwatercharacterfromthe middleMiocenewhentoritesandanatolitessurrounded -AquaticsystemsconnectedwithLakeE¤irdir theareaonwards.InthePlioceneralakesofvarious 14.Kayaa¤zıKaynak,15.Karaot,16.AksuÇay,17. originsbecameconnectedovertimecreatingthecentral KonneÇay,18.Kovadachannel,19.LakeKovada, Anatolianlakesystem,whichsplitintowetlandsandlakes 20.PınarPazarıspring,21.Cirevillagespringand inPleistocenera.Anotherideaisthatallwestern its extensions,, 22.Afla¤ıGökderespringandits Anatolianlakesoriginatedfromthisinlandsystem. extensions. Figure1.Studyarea 98 M.Z.YILDIRIM Results Graecoanatolicalacustristurca (RADOMAN,1973) SpeciesidentifiedfromLakeE¤irdir (Plate1.3) ThespeciesofgastropodscollectedfromLakeE¤irdir Falsipyrgulapfeiferi(WEBER,1927)(Plate1.4) arelistedbelow.Plate1showsthedistributionoftaxain Bithyniapseudemmericia(SCHÜTT,1964)(Plate1.5) stations(1-13).Plate2showsthespeciesdistributedin Pulmonataspecies aquaticsystems(stations14-22)connectedwithLake E¤irdir.ThepicturesofgastropodsaregiveninPlates1 Radixperegra (MÜLLER,1774)(Plate1.6) and2. Stagnicolapalustris(MÜLLER,1774)(Plate1.7) A.GASTROPODA Physafontinalis(L.,1758) (Plate1.8) Prosobranchiaspecies Physaacuta(DRAPARNAUD,1805)(Plate1.9) Theodoxus(Theodoxus)heldreichiheldreichi Planorbisplanorbis(L.,1758)(Plate1.10) (MARTENS,1879)(Plate1.1) Planorbiscarinatus(MÜLLER,1774)(Plate1.11) Valvata(Borysthenia)naticina (MENKE,1845)(Plate Gyraulusalbus(MÜLLER,1774)(Plate1.12) 1.2) 2 2 mm 1 1 mm 2 mm 1 mm 3 1 mm 1 1 mm 2 1 mm 1 mm 1 mm 1 mm 3 4 5 4 6 3 mm 5 9 1 mm 1 mm 8 12 1 mm 1 mm 6 2 mm 7 1 mm 1 mm 8 11 1 mm 7 9 10 1.Theodoxusheldreichiheldreichi;2.Valvatanaticina;3.Graecoanatolica 1.Graecoanatolicakocapinarica;2.Bithyniaturca;3.Radixauricularia;4.Galba lacustristurca;4.Falsipyrgulapfeifferi;5.Bithyniapseudemmericia;6.Radix turuncatula;5.Lymnaeastagnalis;6.Ancylusfluviatilis;7.Acroloxuslacustris; peregra;7.Stagnicolapalustris;8.Physaacuta;9.Physafontinalis;10.Planorbis 8.Bathyomphaluscontortus;9.Planorbariuscorneus planorbis;11.Planorbiscarinatus;12.Gyraulusalbus Plate2. Speciesofgastropodscollectedfromotheraquaticsystems Plate1.SpeciesofgastropodscollectedfromLakeE¤irdir. connectedtoLakeE¤irdir. 99 TheGastropodsofLakeE¤irdir Discussion fossilsarefoundinLakeBurdur,KonyaPlain,Lake Whilekeepingitsoligotrophiccharacterdespite Hazar,andPleistocenedepositsaroundHorasan(Schütt variousalloctonicandotoctonicfactors,LakeE¤irdir 1965,Bilgin1980,fieflenveBilgin,Yıldırım1999a). hostsmalacofaunaparalleltothistrophiclevel. G.lacustristurca isquantitativelythemostabundant AccordingtoourresearchonthemalacofaunaofLake gastropodinthelake.Thisspecieshasbeenidentified E¤irdir,5speciesfromtheclassGastropoda,order fromLakeBeyflehir,streamsaroundDinar-Suçıkanand Prosobranchia( T.heldreichi,V.naticina,G. PleistocenedepositsofLakeBurdur.Anotherspeciesof lacustristurca,F.pfeiferi,B.pseudemmericia )and7 thegenus, G.Kocapinarica,isrestrictedtoaKocapınar speciesfromtheorderPulmonata( R.peregra,S. sourceonly15kmfromthelake(Radoman,1983; palustris,P.fontinalis,P.acuta,P.planorbis,P. Yıldırım,1999;Schütt,1992). G.pamphylica is carinatus,G.albus aredistributedinthelake(Tables1 distributedinKırkgözspring(Antalya),Titreyengöl and2). (Manavgat)andKırkpınarspring(Antalya-Korkuteli), whileG.tenuis isfoundinstreamsaroundAcıgöl(Denizli) Molluscaspeciesinhabitingthelake,evaluatedin (Radoman,1983;Schütt,1990;Yıldırım1999a). termsoftheirecologicalneedsandpaleogeographical histories,showaqualitativeandquantitativeparallelism Anotherprosobranchinthelake, F.pfeiferiisalocal withtheoligotrophiclenticsystem.Especially endemicanditsdistributionmatchestheoligotrophic Prosobranchiaspecies,except V.naticina , livinginthe characterofthespecies.Anotherspeciesbelongingtothe lakegenerallypreferlenticandloticsystemsisolated samegenus, F.beysehirana, liveinLakeBeyflehir.Both frompollutanteffects,inpoorlyvegetation,andwithlow werepreviouslyregardedassubspeciesbysome trophiclevels(Zhadin,1965;HartandSamuel1974, researchers,thoughtheyhavebeenconsideredallopatric Roth1987). speciesrecently(Weber,1927;Schütt,1990;1991; Yıldırımandfieflen,1994;Yıldırım,1999a). SpeciesendemictoAnatoliaarealsodistributedin systemshydrogeologicallyconnectedtothelake.Of Pulmonatesdistributedinthelakearegenerally these,thedistributionalpatternsofB.pseudemmericia is widespreadeurytopicspeciesTheseespeciallyinhabit strongevidenceforpaleogeographicstatusandthe shallow,muddyareas(Senirkentshores,HoyranBo¤azı, connectivityoffreshwatersystemsinAnatolia;the Kayıkhaneler,E¤irdirportetc.),shallow,slowflowing speciesisdistributedinlakesE¤irdir,Beyflehir,and partsandextensionsofsmallsprings(Kayaa¤zı,Konne Çapalı,andinKaramukswamp,‹ncirlispring(Afyon- andPınarPazarı),andcalmpartsofstreamentrances Dinar),andKırkgözspring(Antalya)atthepresent,while (AksuÇay).Accordingtotheirecologicalneeds, Table1. ThespeciesrecordedinstationsfromLakeE¤irdir(StationsnumbersandnamesaregivenintheMaterialsandmethods