Outline of Poetry February 4, 2012 Contents ARTS>Literature>Poetry ................................................................................................................................................... 1 ARTS>Literature>Poetry>Prosody ............................................................................................................................... 1 ARTS>Literature>Poetry>Rhyme ................................................................................................................................ 2 ARTS>Literature>Poetry>Rhythm ............................................................................................................................... 3 ARTS>Literature>Poetry>Rhythm>Feet ................................................................................................................. 4 ARTS>Literature>Poetry>Kinds .................................................................................................................................. 4 ARTS>Literature>Poetry>Kinds>Church ................................................................................................................ 5 ARTS>Literature>Poetry>Kinds>Epic Poem .......................................................................................................... 5 ARTS>Literature>Poetry>Kinds>French ................................................................................................................ 6 ARTS>Literature>Poetry>Kinds>Funeral ............................................................................................................... 7 ARTS>Literature>Poetry>Kinds>Greek .................................................................................................................. 7 ARTS>Literature>Poetry>Kinds>Humorous .......................................................................................................... 7 ARTS>Literature>Poetry>Kinds>Italian ................................................................................................................. 8 ARTS>Literature>Poetry>Kinds>Japanese ............................................................................................................. 8 ARTS>Literature>Poetry>Kinds>Persian ................................................................................................................ 8 ARTS>Literature>Poetry>Kinds>Roman ................................................................................................................ 8 ARTS>Literature>Poetry>Kinds>Spanish ............................................................................................................... 9 ARTS>Literature>History>Poetry ................................................................................................................................ 9 Note: To look up references, see the Consciousness Bibliography, listing 10,000 books and articles, with full journal and author names, available in text and PDF file formats at http://www.outline-of-knowledge.info/Consciousness_Bibliography/index.html. ARTS>Literature>Poetry poetry Poems {poetry} have rhythm, prosody, rhyme, and sound effects. poesy poetry {poesy}. creacionismo Poets {creacionismo} can be word magicians. griot Mande poet {griot} {dyeli} {belein-tigui}. kenning Stereotyped synonyms {kenning} or compound words were in Old-English poetry. qualitative verse Chinese verse {qualitative verse} uses voice pitch, rather than rhythm. quantitative verse Greek and Latin verse {quantitative verse} depended on long and short syllable rhythms. ARTS>Literature>Poetry>Prosody prosody in poetry Poems have stanza patterns {prosody, poetry}. 1 canto long-poem part {canto}. couplet Line pairs {couplet}| can rhyme. Couplets typically have eight syllables per line. heroic couplet Iambic-pentameter line pairs {heroic couplet} can rhyme. ottava rima Eight iambic pentameter lines have rhyme scheme ABABABCC {ottava rima}. quatrain Stanzas {quatrain}| can have four lines. Quatrains can have iambic pentameter lines with rhyme scheme ABAB {heroic quatrain} {elegiac quatrain} {heroic stanza}. Quatrains can have iambic pentameter line, iambic trimeter line, iambic tetrameter line, and iambic trimeter line {ballad stanza}. quintain Verses {quintain} can have five lines. rhyme royal Seven iambic pentameter lines have rhyme scheme ABABBCC {rhyme royal}. Spenserian stanza Eight iambic-pentameter lines can precede an Alexandrine line, with rhyme scheme ABABBCBCC {Spenserian stanza}. stanza Poems have sections or paragraphs {stanza} {verse} with fixed line numbers in rhyming patterns. tercet Stanzas {triplet, three} {tercet} can have three lines. terza rima Triplet stanzas {terza rima} can have line that rhymes with line in next stanza. ARTS>Literature>Poetry>Rhyme rhyme Poetry typically uses similar sounds at line ends or inside lines {rhyme} {rhyming}. Line ends can have similar sounds {terminal rhyme} {end rhyme}. Line last syllables can have same last vowel sound and same last consonant sound {perfect rhyme} {exact rhyme}. Line last syllables can have same last consonant sound {half-rhyme} {off rhyme}. Line last syllables can have same spelling but different pronunciation {eye rhyme}. alliteration Initial word sounds can be similar {alliteration}| {initial rhyme}. assonance Two words can have same vowel sound but different consonant sounds {assonance}. consonance in rhyme Two words can have same consonant sounds but different vowel sounds {consonance, rhyme}. double rhyme The rhyming syllable can be unstressed {feminine rhyme} {double rhyme}, with stressed syllable preceding unstressed syllable. 2 internal rhyme Similar sounds can repeat inside line {internal rhyme}. masculine rhyme Rhyming syllable can have stress {masculine rhyme}. sight rhyme Line ends can look the same but sound different {sight rhyme}. slant rhyme Line ends can have same vowel sound but different consonants {slant rhyme}. stress in poetry Rhyming syllable can have stress {stress, poetry} or no stress. ARTS>Literature>Poetry>Rhythm rhythm in poetry Poetry uses repeated stressed and unstressed syllables {rhythm, poetry}. Pauses, word lengths, and consonant clusters affect rhythm. anacrusis One or more unstressed syllables can be at line beginning {anacrusis}. caesura Line can have short pause {caesura}. catalexis One or two unstressed syllables can be at line end {catalexis}. ending Unstressed syllable can be at line end {feminine ending} or stressed syllable can be at line end {masculine ending} {ending}. end-stopped line Line ends can have a pause {end-stopped line}. enjambment Line ends can have no pause {run-on line} {enjambment}. hypermeter One or more unstressed syllables can be at line beginning or end {hypermeter}. meter in poetry Poem lines can repeat feet {meter, poetry}. Poem lines can have three feet {trimeter}, four feet {tetrameter}, five feet {pentameter}, six feet {hexameter}, or seven feet {heptameter}. scansion Poem lines have foot type and feet number {scansion}| {scan}. To scan lines, foot name in adjective form precedes meter. For example, Alexandrine poetry used iambic hexameter. Shakespeare used iambic pentameter. sprung rhythm One stressed syllable can be at foot beginning, with any number of unstressed syllables {sprung rhythm}. accent in poetry 3 English verse uses louder and longer syllables {accented syllable} and softer and shorter syllables {unaccented syllable} {accent, poetry}. stress-verse Poems {stress-verse} typically have stressed-syllable patterns. ARTS>Literature>Poetry>Rhythm>Feet foot Two or three syllables {foot, poetry} {feet, poetry} have one stressed syllable or no stressed syllable. Poem lines repeat feet. anapest in poetry Three syllables {anapest, poetry} can have last syllable stressed and so have rising stress. dactyl in poetry Three syllables {dactyl, poetry} can have first syllable stressed and so have falling stress. iamb in poetry The most common foot {iamb, poetry} has two syllables with second stressed, and so has rising stress. pyrrhic in poetry Two syllables {pyrrhic, poetry} can have no stress. spondee in poetry Three syllables {spondee, poetry} can have neither rising nor falling stress. trochee in poetry Two syllables {trochee, poetry} with first stressed have falling stress. ARTS>Literature>Poetry>Kinds antipoetry Poems {antipoetry} can be in colloquial language about common life. ballad poem story poem {ballad poem}. blank verse Poems {blank verse}| can use unrhymed iambic pentameter lines. confessional poetry Poems {confessional poetry} can admit sin. elegy Poems {elegy}| can be melancholy contemplations or laments. epigram Short sentences {epigram}| can be solemn {Greek epigram} or witty {Roman epigram}. Gnomic poetry Poetry {Gnomic poetry} can use aphorisms, maxims, and proverbs. lyric poem Poems {lyric poem} can express emotions or thoughts, with no story. 4 macaronic verse Poems {macaronic verse} can use several languages. occasional verse Poems {occasional verse} can be for common events. ode Lyric poems {ode}| can be about serious themes, gods, or heroes. Odes {Pindaric ode} can have stanzas with strophe, anti-strophe, and epode and have lines with different lengths. Odes {Horatian ode} can have four-line stanzas about love, patriotism, and morals. pastoral poetry Poems {pastoral, poem} {bucolic, poem} can be about simple country life or about shepherds. Pastoral poems are often in Arcadia, mountainous region of Greece. sonnet Poems {sonnet}| can have 14, 12, or 16 lines in iambic pentameter. Sonnets can use rhyme scheme