Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER Biological Control September 12-16, 2005 Mark S. Hoddle, Compiler University of California, Riverside U.S.A. Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team—Morgantown, West Virginia United States Forest FHTET-2005-08 Department of Service September 2005 Agriculture Volume II Papers were submitted in an electronic format, and were edited to achieve a uniform format and typeface. Each contributor is responsible for the accuracy and content of his or her own paper. Statements of the contributors from outside of the U.S. Department of Agriculture may not necessarily reflect the policy of the Department. The use of trade, firm, or corporation names in this publication is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the U.S. Department of Agriculture of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. Any references to pesticides appearing in these papers does not constitute endorsement or recommendation of them by the conference sponsors, nor does it imply that uses discussed have been registered. Use of most pesticides is regulated by state and federal laws. Applicable regulations must be obtained from the appropriate regulatory agency prior to their use. CAUTION: Pesticides can be injurious to humans, domestic animals, desirable plants, and fish and other wildlife if they are not handled and applied properly. Use all pesticides selectively and carefully. Follow recommended practices given on the label for use and disposal of pesticides and pesticide containers. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, or marital or family status. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA’s TARGET Center at 202-720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, Room 326-W, Whitten Building, 1400 Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, D.C. 20250-9410 or call 202-720-5964 (voice and TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. SECOND INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF ARTHROPODS DAVOS, SWITZERLAND SEPTEMBER 12-16, 2005 USDA Forest Service Publication FHTET-2005-08 ___________________________________________________________________________________ SECOND INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON THE BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF ARTHROPODS The Second International Symposium on the Biological Control of Arthropods held in Davos Switzerland builds upon the foundation laid at the first meeting in Hawaii in January 2002. The intent of the ISBCA meetings is to create a meeting for practitioners, a forum for infor- mation exchange, an event to build cohesion among the research community, and to foster discussions of issues effecting biological control work, particularly pertaining to the use of parasitoids and predators as biological control agents. To this end, a 14 session conference with invited has been designed to address the most interesting and relevant research topics that have broad international application. The oral sessions have been complimented with unsolicited poster presentations prepared by over 100 different scientists from around the world. Topics covered at ISBCA II are diverse and in- clude invasion biology and application to biological control, biological control of arthropod pests of conservation importance, the role of biological control for pest management in devel- oping nations, and emerging experimental protocols and legislation for assessing natural en- emy specificity and safety. The printed ISBCA II conference proceedings are large, indicating the great interest in the content of this meeting. The two volume proceedings only include the articles prepared by invited speakers. The accompanying CD has an electronic version of the conference pro- ceedings and the abstracts of approximately 115 posters that were presented at the meeting III and perused by over 200 meeting attendees representing the international biological control community. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Credit is due to the following participants in helping to organize ISBCA II: SCIENTIFIC SESSION ORGANIZING COMMITTEE MEMBERS Session 1: Sandy Smith, University of Toronto, Ontario Canada, and Heikki Hokkanen, University of Helsinki, Helsinki Finland. Session 2: Mark Hoddle, University of California Riverside, California U.S.A., and Matthew Cock, CABI Bioscience, Delémont Switzerland. Session 3: Nick Mills, University of California Berkeley, California U.S.A., and Jacques Brodeur, Université de Montréal, Quebec, Canada. Session 4: Steve Wratten, Lincoln Uni- versity, Canterbury New Zealand, and Geoff Gurr, University of Sydney, Orange NSW, Australia. Session 5: Juan Manuel Alvarez, University of Idaho, Aberdeen Idaho, U.S.A., and Shu-sheng Liu, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China, China. Session 6: Janny Vos, CABI Bioscience Nederland, Leusden The Netherlands, and Peter Ooi, FAO, Bangkok Thai- land. Session 7: Joerg Romeis, Agroscope-FAL, Zurich-Reckenholz Switzerland, and Tony Shelton, Cornell University Geneva, New York U.S.A. Session 8: Felix Wäckers, NL Royal Academy of Sciences, Harlem The Netherlands, and Henry Fadamiro, Auburn University, Alabama U.S.A. Session 9: Bob Pfannenstiel, USDA-ARS, Weslaco Texas, U.S.A., and Mat- thew Greenstone, USDA-ARS Beltsville, Maryland U.S.A. Session 10: Steve Naranjo, USDA- ARS Phoenix, Arizona U.S.A. and Patrick de Clercq, Ghent University, Ghent Belgium. Second International Symposium on Biological Control of Arthropods ___________________________________________________________________________________ Session 11: Dave Gillespie, Agriculture and Agri-Food Agassiz, British Columbia Canada, and Karel Bolckmans, Koppert, Amsterdam The Netherlands. Session 12: Franz Bigler, Agroscope-FAL, Zurich-Reckenholz Switzerland, and Joop van Lenteren, University of Wageningen Wageningen, The Netherlands. Session 13: Roy Van Driesche, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Massachusetts U.S.A., and Peter Mason, Agriculture and Agri-Food Ottawa, Ontario Canada. Session 14: Barbara Barratt, AgResearch, Mosgiel New Zealand, and Ulli Kuhlmann, CABI Bioscience, Delémont Switzerland. SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE Members of the Scientific Committee are thanked for providing input into session themes, and development and review of presentation content and relevance to ISBCA. The Scientific Committee included: Mark S. Hoddle, Barbara Barratt, Matthew Cock, Cliff Gold, IITA/ ESARC, Kampala Uganda, Geoff Gurr, Heikki Hokkanen, Molly Hunter, University of Arizona, Tucson Arizona, U.S.A., Moses Kairo, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, Florida U.S.A., Nick Mills, Banpot Napompeth, National Biological Control Research Center (NBCRC), Kasetsart University, Chatuchak Bangkok, Thailand. REGIONAL ORGANIZERS We thank Regional Organizers for coordinating ISBCA II advertising, soliciting interest in the conference, and for helping with local inquiries about ISBCA II. Regional Coordinators included: Mark S. Hoddle, Dave Gillespie, Juan Manuel Alvarez, Moses Kairo, Tania Zaviezo, IV Departamento de Fruticultura y Enología, Casilla , Santiago, Chile, Willie Cabrera Walsh, USDA-ARS South American Biological Control Laboratory, Argentina, Ulli Kuhlmann, Stefan Toepfer, Plant Health Service, Hodmezovasarhely Hungary, Victor Fursov, Institute of Zoology of National Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, Kiev Ukraine, Malika Bounfour, Ministry of Agriculture, Rabat Morocco, Cliff Gold, Manuele Tamo, Biological Control Center for Africa, Republic of Benin, West Africa, Rami Kfir, Plant Protection Research Institute, Pretoria South Africa, Ashraf Poswal, CABI Bioscience Rawalpindi , Pakistan, Banpot Napompeth, Feng Zhang, CABI Office, Beijing P.R. China, , Masami Takagi, Kyushu Uni- versity, Fukuoka Japan, Barbarra Barratt, Don Sands, CSIRO Entomology, Indooroopilly Queensland, Australia. LOCAL ORGANIZATION Ulli Kuhlmann in collaboration with KCS Convention Service, Delémont, Switzerland made all the pertinent venue, accommodation, field trip, and culinary decisions for Davos. FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE ISBCA would not have been possible with generous contributions from Richard Reardon USDA-Forest Service for supporting the publication and distribution of the ISBCA II Con- ference Proceedings. Eric Rosenquist, USDA-ARS, National Program Leader Tropical Agri- culture and Kevin Hackett, USDA-ARS, National Program Leader for Beneficial Insects, Beltsville, U.S.A. for supporting the travel and accommodation of invited speakers as well as those attending from developing countries. We also appreciate very much the support from Katharina Jenny and Ueli Stürzinger, Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC), Second International Symposium on Biological Control of Arthropods ___________________________________________________________________________________ Natural Resources and Environment Division and Asia II Division, for providing financial resources to support participants from developing countries. We like to thank Rudolf Strasser, SDC Swiss Cooperation Office of DPR Korea, Pyongyang, for supporting the participation of three scientists from DPR Korea. In addition we would like to thank the Swiss National Foundation (SNF), International