ISDHOO ISLAND WASTE MANAGEMENT CENTER ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN October 2017 Prepared for: Isdhoo Island Council On behalf of: United Nations Development Programme Consultant: CDE Consulting, Maldives TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION.............................................................................................................. 7 1.1 BACKGROUND ......................................................................................................... 7 1.2 PURPOSE OF EMP .................................................................................................... 8 1.3 METHODOLOGY ...................................................................................................... 9 1.4 STRUCTURE OF EMP ............................................................................................... 9 1.5 DOCUMENT CONTROL ........................................................................................ 11 1.6 REVIEWS AND UPDATES ..................................................................................... 11 2 LEGISLATION, POLICIES AND GUIDELINES ....................................................... 12 2.1 CONSTITUTION OF THE MALDIVES .................................................................. 12 2.2 ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION AND PRESERVATION ACT ........................... 14 2.3 DECENTRALIZATION ACT .................................................................................. 15 2.4 WASTE MANAGEMENT POLICY ........................................................................ 16 2.5 WASTE MANAGEMENT REGULATION ............................................................. 16 2.6 EIA REGULATIONS ............................................................................................... 17 2.7 LAND ACT ............................................................................................................... 18 2.8 LAND USE PLANNING REGULATION ................................................................ 19 2.9 CULTURAL AND HISTORICAL PLACES AND OBJECTS ACT ........................ 19 2.10 GENERAL LAWS ACT ........................................................................................... 19 2.11 CONSERVATION OF OLD TREES REGULATION ............................................. 20 2.12 CUTTING DOWN AND EXPORT OF TREES AND COCOUNUT PALMS ......... 20 2.13 BUILDING ACT (4/2017) ........................................................................................ 21 2.14 MALDIVES BUILDING CODE .............................................................................. 21 2.15 CORAL AND SAND MINING REGULATION ...................................................... 21 2.16 DEWATERING REGULATION (2013/R-1697) ..................................................... 22 2.17 HEALTH CARE WASTE MANAGEMENT POLICY ............................................ 23 2.18 SUBSTANCES PROHIBITED TO BE BROUGHT INTO THE MALDIVES ACT 23 2.19 PESTICIDES BILL ................................................................................................... 23 2.20 HUMAN RIGHTS ACT ............................................................................................ 24 2.21 EMPLOYMENT ACT .............................................................................................. 24 2.22 PENSIONS ACT ....................................................................................................... 24 2.23 IMMIGRATION ACT .............................................................................................. 25 2.24 ANTI-HUMAN TRAFFICKING ACT ..................................................................... 25 2.25 ENERGY POLICY AND STRATEGY .................................................................... 25 2.26 WATER AND SEWERAGE POLICY ..................................................................... 26 2.27 DESALINATION REGULATION ........................................................................... 26 2.28 GENERAL GUIDELINES FOR DOMESTIC WASTEWATER DISPOSAL (2006)27 2.29 OZONE PROTECTION – HCFC REGULATION ................................................... 27 Prepared by: CDE Consulting 1 2.30 EXPORT IMPORT ACT (31/79) .............................................................................. 27 2.31 PUBLIC HEALTH PROTECTION ACT (7/2012) ................................................... 27 2.32 ENVIRONMENTAL LIABILITY REGULATION (REGULATION 2011/R-9) ......... 28 3 STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATIONS ......................................................................... 29 3.1 FRAMEWORK FOR CONSULTATION ................................................................. 29 3.2 KEY STAKEHOLDERS .......................................................................................... 30 3.3 KEY FINDINGS OF STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATIONS ................................. 32 3.4 FUTURE CONSULTATIONS ................................................................................. 36 4 IWMC DESCRIPTION................................................................................................... 37 4.1 PROJECT TITLE ...................................................................................................... 37 4.2 PROJECT PROPONENT .......................................................................................... 37 4.3 PROJECT DESIGN .................................................................................................. 37 4.4 WASTE QUANTITY AND SOURCES ................................................................... 38 4.5 TYPES OF WASTE .................................................................................................. 39 4.6 WASTE GROWTH ................................................................................................... 39 4.7 PROJECT SCOPE ..................................................................................................... 39 4.8 DESIGN AND ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS ................................................. 40 4.9 EMP CONSULTANT ............................................................................................... 40 5 IWMC LOCATION AND SITE ..................................................................................... 41 5.1 LOCATION .............................................................................................................. 41 5.2 OWNERSHIP............................................................................................................ 41 5.3 LAND USE PLANNING AND ZONING ................................................................. 41 5.4 FACILITIES AND SERVICES ................................................................................ 42 5.5 SITE HISTORY ........................................................................................................ 43 5.6 NEAREST SENSITIVE LAND USE ........................................................................ 43 5.7 NEIGHBOURING LAND USES .............................................................................. 44 5.8 SITE ACCESS .......................................................................................................... 44 5.9 LAND USE CONSENT ............................................................................................ 45 5.10 LICENSE TO CONSTRUCT AND OPERATE IWMC ........................................... 45 6 BIOPHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT ................................................................................ 46 6.1 CLIMATE AND METEOROLOGY ........................................................................ 46 6.2 FLORA AND FAUNA .............................................................................................. 55 6.3 TOPOGRAPHY ........................................................................................................ 55 6.4 VISUAL AMENITY ................................................................................................. 56 6.5 NATURAL HAZARDS AND RISKS ...................................................................... 56 6.6 CULTURAL AND HERITAGE VALUES ............................................................... 57 7 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT ...................................................................... 58 7.1 POPULATION .......................................................................................................... 58 Prepared by: CDE Consulting 2 7.2 LAND RESOURCE .................................................................................................. 58 7.3 POPULATION DENSITY ........................................................................................ 58 7.4 HOUSEHOLDS ........................................................................................................ 58 7.5 WATER RESOURCES ............................................................................................. 58 7.6 SEWERAGE SERVICES ......................................................................................... 59 7.7 ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES ....................................................................................... 59 7.8 TRANSPORT............................................................................................................ 59 7.9 ELECTRICTY .......................................................................................................... 59 7.10 HEALTH CARE ....................................................................................................... 59 7.11 EDUCATION...........................................................................................................