The Land Has Changed: History, Society and Gender in Colonial Eastern Nigeria

The Land Has Changed: History, Society and Gender in Colonial Eastern Nigeria

University of Calgary PRISM: University of Calgary's Digital Repository University of Calgary Press University of Calgary Press Open Access Books 2010 The land has changed: history, society and gender in colonial Eastern Nigeria Korieh, Chima J. University of Calgary Press Chima J. Korieh. "The land has changed: history, society and gender in colonial Eastern Nigeria". Series: Africa, missing voices series 6, University of Calgary Press, Calgary, Alberta, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1880/48254 book http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives 3.0 Unported Downloaded from PRISM: https://prism.ucalgary.ca University of Calgary Press www.uofcpress.com THE LAND HAS CHANGED History, Society and Gender in Colonial Eastern Nigeria Chima J. Korieh ISBN 978-1-55238-545-6 THIS BOOK IS AN OPEN ACCESS E-BOOK. It is an electronic version of a book that can be purchased in physical form through any bookseller or on-line retailer, or from our distributors. Please support this open access publication by requesting that your university purchase a print copy of this book, or by purchasing a copy yourself. If you have any questions, please contact us at [email protected] Cover Art: The artwork on the cover of this book is not open access and falls under traditional copyright provisions; it cannot be reproduced in any way without written permission of the artists and their agents. The cover can be displayed as a complete cover image for the purposes of publicizing this work, but the artwork cannot be extracted from the context of the cover of this specific work without breaching the artist’s copyright. COPYRIGHT NOTICE: This open-access work is published under a Creative Commons licence. 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For more information, see details of the Creative Commons licence at: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ UNDER THE CREATIVE UNDER THE CREATIVE COMMONS LICENCE YOU COMMONS LICENCE YOU MAY: MAY NOT: • read and store this document • gain financially from the work in any way; free of charge; • sell the work or seek monies in relation to the distribution • distribute it for personal use of the work; free of charge; • use the work in any commercial activity of any kind; • print sections of the work for • profit a third party indirectly via use or distribution of the work; personal use; • distribute in or through a commercial body (with the exception • read or perform parts of the of academic usage within educational institutions such as work in a context where no schools and universities); financial transactions take • reproduce, distribute, or store the cover image outside of its place. function as a cover of this work; • alter or build on the work outside of normal academic scholarship. Acknowledgement: We acknowledge the wording around open access used by Australian publisher, re.press, and thank them for giving us permission to adapt their wording to our policy http://www.re-press.org/content/view/17/33/ BIBLIOgRaPhy � i. manusCripTs and oTher unpublished publiC doCumenTs Nigeria. Department of Agriculture (federal) Annual Report upon the Agricultural Department, 1910–1913. � Annual Report on the Agricultural Department, 1914–1915. � Annual Report on the Agricultural Department, 1922. � Annual Report on the Agricultural Department, 1931–1932. � Annual Report on the Agricultural Department, 1937–1942. � Annual Report of the Agricultural Department, 1952–1953. � Annual Report, Agriculture Division, 1956–1959. � Digest of Statistics. Lagos: Federal Office of Statistics, 1994. � Estimates of the Federal Government of Nigeria, 1964–1965. � First Bulletin of the Agricultural Department, 1922. � Fourth National Development Plan, 1981–1985. � Legislative Council Debate, 4 December 1939. � Legislative Council Debates, 17 March 1941. � Legislative Council Debates, 13 March 1944. � National Agricultural Sample Census, 1993/1994 – Imo State. Lagos: Federal Office of Statistics, 1996. Notes of Evidence Taken in the Calabar and Owerri Provinces on the Disturbance 1930, 8 vols. Population Census. Lagos: Federal Office of Statistics, 1991. Poverty and Agricultural Sector in Nigeria. Abuja: Federal Office of Statistics, 1999. Programme of Work, Technical Bulletin No. 12. Agriculture Division, Ministry of Agriculture, 1966. Report of a Commission of Inquiry appointed to Inquire into certain incidents at Opobo, Abak and Utu-Etim-Ekpo in December 1929 (Sessional Paper No. 12) 1929–1930, No. 12. 331 Report of the Commission of enquiry appointed to inquire into the disturbance in the Calabar and Owerri Provinces, December 1929 (Sessional Paper No. 28) 1930, No. 28. Report of the Aba Commission of Inquiry, “Memorandum as to the Origins and Causes of the Recent Disturbances in the Owerri and Calabar Provinces,” Appendix III (1), 11–12. Report of the Mission Appointed to Enquire into the Production and Transport of Vegetable Oils and Oil Seeds Produced in the West African Colonies (London: H.M.S.O., 1947). Report on a Survey of the Oil Palm Rehabilitation Scheme in Eastern Nigeria – 1967 (CSNRD, Report No. 10) (1968). Second Annual Bulletin of the Agricultural Department, 1923. The Nigeria Handbook. Lagos: Government Printer, 1929. Third Annual Report of the Agricultural Department, 1924. Nigeria. National Archives Enugu (NAE) aba district Annual Report on Aba District, 1943–1945. ABADIST, 1/26/907, File no. 1642, “Palm Produce Production,” 1945. ABADIST, 1/26/958, File no. 668, “Foodstuffs: Yams, Plantains, Cocoyams, etc, Requested Prohibition of Railment or Exportation of in Future,” 1943. Provinces at Government Lodge, Enugu, 13 December 1948. ABADIST, 14/1/872 File no. 1646, “Garri: Control,” 1943. ABADIST, 14/1/875, “Gari Control,” 1944. ABADIST, 1/26/907, “Palm Produce Production,” 1944. ABADIST, 14/1/873, File no. 1646 “A Resolution,” Gari Traders association, Aba, 1943. ABADIST, 1/2/908, “Memos by D.O. Aba to Ngwa Native Authority, 1940–44.” abakaliki district Annual Report, 1945. AIDIST, 2/1/433 OG: 2513/1265 “Nigeria General Defence Regulations: Order,” 1945. AIDIST, 2/1/433, File no. AB: 1373/11 “Memo,” District Officer Abakiliki Division to C.N.C. Igbeagu, 1945. aro division Annual Report on Aro District, 1952. 332 The l and has Changed awka district Annual Report, 1925–1926. Calabar Province Annual Report, 1942 and 1952. Report on Travelling and Agricultural instructional Work, 1913. Report of the Agricultural Department, 1918. Civil secretary’s Office, enugu (CsO) Correspondence, 1925, 1940, 1943. eket district Annual Reports, 1935–1951. eastern states Interim assets and Liability agency (esIaLa) ESIALA, 27/1/53, Matter relating to agricultural loans. ESIALA, 63/1/70, Matters Relating to Biafra Development Corporation Crash food programme. ESIALA, 63/1/70-SEC/217, vol. 1, “Emergency Food Production,” Director, Food Production Directorate to the Chairman, BDC, 1968. ESIALA, 64/1/1, Eastern Nigeria Development Corporation. ESIALA, 64/1/3, Matters relating to Biafra Development Corporation. Ministry of Local government (MInLOC) MINLOC, 6/1/175, “Intelligence Report on Ekwereazu and Ahiara Clan, Owerri Division.” MINLOC, 6/1/175. “Intelligence Report on Obowo and Ihitte Clan, Okigwe Division.” Obudu district OBUDIST, 4/1/309, Produce Drive: Kernel and Rubber Return Prosecutions. Ogoja Province OGPROF, Annual Report, 1943. OGPROF, OG 323, Food Situation in Obudu District. ONDIST, 12/1/104, Economic Survey-Onitsha Province. ONDIST, 12/1/1050, Agricultural Education Scheme. bibliography 333 Onitsha district ONDIST, 12/1/578, Instruction for Farmers’ Sons, 1933, 1934. ONDIST, 12/1/578, Agricultural Instructions. ONDIST, 13/1/2, Food Control, 1939–1942. ONPROF, 7/12/92, Bands of Women Dancers Preaching Ideas of Desirable Reforms, 1925. ONDIST, 12/1/90, Matters Relating to the Effects and Implications of War Conditions on Nigeria. ONDIST, 12.1/104, Palm oil Production, 1939. Owerri district OWDIST, 4/13/70 File no. 91/27, Cultivation of Crops, Owerri District, 1928. OWDIST, 4/13/70 File no. 91/27, Assessment Report, 1928. Rivers Province RIVPROF, 8/5/661, File No. OW 630/17, Trade Prices at Up Country Markets, 1917. RIVPROF, 9/1/135 File no. Ow: 1636, Annual Report on the Social and Economic Progress of the People of Nigeria for the year 1933. RIVPROF, 8/5/430, Policy of the Agricultural Department, 1939. RIVPROF, 8/5/661, Cooperative Agricultural Settlements for Nigeria, 1940. umuahia Province UMUPROF, 1/5/2, Women’s Movement, 1929, 1930. UMUPROF, 1/5/4, Women Movement, Aba Patrol Report 1930. UMUPROF, 1/5/5, Women Movement, Bende Report, 1930. eastern nigeria Agricultural Division Annual Report, 1959–1961. Annual Abstract of Statistics, 1964. Annual Abstract of Statistics. Lagos: Acting Federal Government Press, 1961. Annual Report and Statement of Accounts, 1966 (Lagos, 1967). Annual Report of Agricultural Department, 1952–1953 (Enugu: Government Printer, 1953). E.N.D.C. in the First Decade, 1955–1964. Enugu: ENPC (n.d). Eastern Nigeria Development Plan 1962–1968: Official Document No. 8. Enugu: Government Printer, 1962. Eastern Nigeria, Development Programme, 1958–1962: Eastern Region Official Document No. 2 of 1959. Enugu: Government Printer, 1959. 334 The l and has Changed The Development of Agriculture in Eastern Nigeria, No. 1, 1965. The First Three Years: A Report of the Eastern Nigeria Six Year Development Plan, 1965. Imo state of nigeria Annual Report 1988. Owerri: Government Printer, 1989. Government White paper on the Report of the Judicial Commission of Inquiry into the ADC, Owerri (Owerri: Government Printer, 1980). Imo State Agricultural Development Project Law, 1992.

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