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Produced by the NASA Center for Aerospace Information (CASI) PB94-123205 Human Performance Models for Computer-Aided Engineering National Research Council, Washington, DC Prepared for: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, DC 1989 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE NMNational Technical Information Service REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Form Approved OMS No. 0704-0188 II I'lllIIIIIII IIf 2. Report Date , 3. Report Type And Dates Covered: IIIII II INI^II III 1989 PB94-123205 4. Title And Subtitle: Human performance models 5. Funding Numbers: for computer-aided engineering Grant no. NAG-2-407 6. Author(s): Editors: Jerome I. Elkind, Stuart K. Card;Julian Hochberg; Beverly Messick Huey 7. Performing Organization Names And Addresses: S. Performing Organization National Research Council Commission on Behavior Report Number: al and Social Sciences and Education Committee on Human Factors Panel on Pilot Performance Models in a Computer- Aided Design Facility 9. Sponsoring/Monitoring Agency Name(s) 10. Sponsoring/Monitoring And Address(es): Agency Report Number: National Aeronautics and Space Administration 11. Supplementary Notes: i 12a. Distribution/Availability Statement: 12b. Distribution Code: unlimited 13. Abstract: This report discusses a topic important to the field of comput ational human factors: models of human performance and their use in compute r-based engineering facilities for the design of complex systems. It focuse s on a particular human factors design problem -- the design of cockpit systems for advanced helicopters -- and on a particular aspect of human performance -- vision and related cognitive functions. By focusing in this way, the authors were able to address the selected topics in some depth and develop findings and recommendations that they believe have application to many other aspects of human performance and to other design domains. 14. Subject Terms: human engineering; data 15. Number Of Pages: processing; computer-aided engineering; 324 16. Price Code: 17. Report Security is. Page security 19. Abstract Security 20. Media: Classication: Classication: Classication: L_ III ► 1! ll^^il 111111 ad 77M 1, 111 10, Human Performance Models for Computer-Aided Engineering Jerome 1. Elkind, Stuart K. Card; Julian Hochberg, and Beverly Messick Huey, editors Panel on Pilot Performance Models in a Computer-Aided Design Facility Committee on Human Factors Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education National Research Council NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS Washington, D.C. 1989 NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Hoard of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard to appropriate balance. This report has been reviewed by a group other than the authors according to procedures approved by a Report Review Committee consisting of members of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the .Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Frank Press is president of the National Academy of Sciences. The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of thu National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences- the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. Robert M. White is president of the National Academy of Engineering. The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, upon its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care. research, and education. Dr. Samuel O. Thier is president of the Institute of Medicine. The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy's purposes of further; g knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Frank Press and Dr. Robert White are chairman and vice chairman, respectively, of the National Research Council. This work relates to the U.S. Army, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Grant No. NAG-2-407. However, the content does not necessarily reflect the position or the policy of the Government, and no official endorsement should be inferred. The United States Government has at least a royalty-free, nonexchnsive and ir- revocable license throughout the world for government purposes to publish, translate, reproduce, deliver, perform. dispose of, and to authorize others so as to do, all or any portion of this work. Available front: Committee on human Factors National Research Council 2101 Constitution A'renue N.W. Washington. D.C. 20418 Printed in the United States of America PANEL ON PILOT PERFORMANCE MODELS JEROME I. ELKIND (Chair), Xerox Corporation, Sunnyvale, California DEBORAH BOEHM-DAVIS, Department of Psychology, George Mason University STUART K. CARD, Xerox Corporation, Palo Alto, California RENWICK E. CURRY, Tycho Systems, Inc., Palo Alto, California DOUGLAS HARRIS, Anacapa Sciences, Inc., Santa Clara, Utah JULIAN HOCHBERG, Department of Psychology, Columbia University RICHARD PEW, Experimental Psychology Department, Bolt, Beranek and Newman Laboratories, Cambridge, Massachusetts ANDREW B. WATSON, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California CHRISTOPHER WICKENS, Aviation Research Laboratory, University of Illinois, Savoy, Illinois HAROLD P. VAN COTT, Study Director STANLEY DEUTSCH, Study Director (1985-1987) BEVERLY M. HUEY, Staff Officer iii PILOT PERFORMANCE MODELING RESOURCE GROUP IRVING BIEDERMAN, Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota MYRON BRAUNSTEIN, Department of Social Sciences, University of California, Irvine LYNN COOPER, Department of Psychology, University of Arizona BARUCH FISCHHOFF, Carnegie-Mellon University WALTER SCHNEIDER, University of Pittsburgh JAMES TODD, Department of Psychology, Brandeis University DAVID WOODS, Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Ohio State University GREG ZACHARIAS, Charles River Analytics, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts iv COMMITTEE ON HUMAN FACTORS DOUGLAS H. HARRIS (Chair), Auacapa Sciences, Santa Clara, Utah MOHAMED M. AYOUB, Institute of Biotechnology, Texas Tech University JEROME i. ELKIND, Information Systems, Xerox Corporation, Sunnyvale, California MIRIAN M. GRADDICK, Human Resources Strategy and Systems Department, AT&T, Basking Ridge, New Jersey OSCAR GR.USKY, Department of Sociology, University of California, Los Angeles JULIAN HOCHBERG, Department of Psychology, Columbia University THOMAS K. LANDAUER, Information Sciences Division, Bell Communication Research, Morristown, New Jersey NEVILLE MORAY, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois RAYMOND NICKERSON, Bolt, Beranek and Newman Laboratories, Cambridge, Massachusetts JUDITH REITMAN OLSON, Graduate School of Business Administration, University of Michigan THOMAS B. SHERIDAN, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology CHRISTOPHER I. WICKENS, Aviation Research Laboratory, University of Illinois, Savoy ROBERT C. WILLIGES, Department of Industrial Engineering and Operations Research, Virginia Polytechnic