UNIVERSITATEA DIN ORADEA ANALELE UNIVERSITĂŢII DIN ORADEA Seria GEOGRAFIE TOM XXV Nr. 1/2015 (June) Editura Universităţii din Oradea UNIVERSITATEA DIN ORADEA DEPARTAMENTUL DE GEOGRAFIE, TURISM ŞI AMENAJAREA TERITORIULUI ANALELE UNIVERSITĂŢII DIN ORADEA Seria GEOGRAFIE TOM XXV Nr. 1/2015 (June) Editura Universităţii din Oradea ANALELE UNIVERSITĂŢII DIN ORADEA, SERIA GEOGRAFIE ANNALS OF UNIVERSITY OF ORADEA, GEOGRAPHY SERIE Review accredited by CNCSIS, Code 669 “B+” Category (since 2008) Review indexed in Index Copernicus, DOAJ – Directory of Open Acces Journals, ULRICHSWEB – Global Serials Directory, SCIPIO – Platforma Editorială Română and EBSCO – EBSCOhost Online Research Databases The review is issued under the aegis of The University of Oradea, Department of Geography, Tourism and Territorial Planning and The Territorial Studies and Analyses Centre Editor-in-Chief: Alexandru ILIEŞ, Gheorghe MĂHĂRA Associate Editors: Nicolae JOSAN, Rodica PETREA Assistant Editors: Grigore Vasile HERMAN, Ribana LINC Scientific Board: Liviu APOSTOL, “Al.I. Cuza” University of Iaşi (Romania) Dan BĂLTEANU, member of Romanian Academy, Institut of Geography of Bucharest (Romania) Milan BUFON, “Primorska” University of Koper (Slovenia) Huhua CAO, University of Ottawa (Canada) Jean-Paul CARRIERE, University of Tours (France) Doriano CASTALDINI, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia (Italy) Nicolae CIANGĂ, “Babeş-Bolyai” University of Cluj-Napoca (Romania) Adrian CIOACĂ, “Spiru Haret” University of Bucharest (Romania) Pompei COCEAN, “Babeş-Bolyai” University of Cluj-Napoca (Romania) Sterie CIULACHE, University of Bucharest (Romania) Olivier DEHOORNE, University of Antilles and Guyanne (France) Carmen DRAGOTĂ, Institut of Geography of Bucharest Allessandro GALLO, "Ca' Foscari" University of Venice (Italy) Floare GRECU, University of Bucharest Lisa Butler HARRINGTON, Kansas State University Ioan IANOŞ, University of Bucharest (Romania) Corneliu IAŢU, “Al. I. Cuza” University of Iaşi (Romania) Dorina Camelia ILIEŞ, University of Oradea (Romania) Ioan Aurel IRIMUŞ, “Babeş-Bolyai” University of Cluj-Napoca (Romania) Saşa KICOSEV, University of Novi Sad, Serbia Vladimir KOLOSSOV, Russian Academy of Science of Moscow (Russia) Gabor KOZMA, University of Debrecen (Hungary) Denis MARTOUZET, Francois Rabelais University, Tours, (France) Ionel MUNTELE, “Al.I. Cuza” University of Iaşi (Romania) Martin OLARU, West University of Timişoara (Romania) Tadeusz PALMOWSKI, University of Gdansk (Poland) Elisa PASTORIZA, Universidad Nacional de Mardel Plata (Argentina) Dănuţ PETREA, “Babeş-Bolyai” University of Cluj-Napoca (Romania) Nicolae POPA, West University of Timişoara Maria RĂDOANE, “Ştefan cel Mare” University of Suceava (Romania) Maria Luisa RODRIGUEZ, University of Lisboa (Portugal) Stephane ROSIERE, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, France Valeriu SAINSUS, Academy of Economic Science of Chişinău (Rep. of Moldova) Marcu STAŞAC, University of Oradea (Romania) Istvan SULI-ZAKAR, University of Debrecen (Hungary) Karoly TEPERICS, University of Debrecen (Hungary) Dallen J. TIMOTHY, Arizona State University, United States of America Laurent TOUCHART, Université d’Orléans (France) Alexandru UNGUREANU, “Al. I. Cuza” University of Iasi Petru URDEA, West University of Timişoara (Romania) Luca ZARRILLI, University of Pescara-Chieti (Italy) Christoph WAACK, Regional Geography of Institut of Leipzig (Germany) Jan WENDT, University of Gdansk (Poland) Foreign Language Supervisor: Corina TĂTAR, Cezar MORAR Secretary On-line Version: Ştefan BAIAS The responsibility for the content of the articles belongs to the author(s). The articles are published with the notification of the scientific reviewer. The exchange manuscripts, books and reviews as well as any correspondence will be sent on the address of the Editorial Office. Editorial Office Address: University of Oradea, Department of Geography, Tourism and Territorial Planning 1 Universităţii Street, 410087 Oradea, Romania Tel/ Fax +40.259.408.475, http://istgeorelint.uoradea.ro/Reviste/Anale/anale.htm, e-mail: [email protected] ISSN 1221-1273, E-ISSN 2065-3409 C O N T E N T S INFLUENCE OF HUMAN ACTIVITIES ON WATER QUALITY OF RIVERS AND GROUNDWATERS FROM BRĂILA COUNTY Ana-Maria CIOBOTARU (Art#251101-664) . 5 METHODS AND MODELS OF HIERARCHIZATION OF THE TOURIST ATTRACTIONS. STUDY CASE: NEAMȚ COUNTY Alexandra CEHAN, Daniel TUDORA (Art#251102-666) . 14 PROTECTION AND SUSTAINABLE VALORISATION OF THE IMMOVABLE CULTURAL HERITAGE IN THE DISTRICT OF CICEU Alexandra-Camelia POTRA (Art#251103-667) . 25 EMIGRATION AND GENDER IN BACĂU AND VASLUI COUNTIES: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS Andreea MORARU, Roxana Florina MUNTEANU, Ionel MUNTELE (Art#251104-668) . 39 THE STIMULATING OFFER OF RURAL TOURISM IN BUDA VILLAGE, BERZUNŢI COUNTY; POSSIBILITIES OF (RE)ADAPTATION REGARDING THE MODERN TOURIST PREFERENCES George GAMAN, Puiu NISTOREANU (Art#251105-670) . 46 GEODEMOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC DISPARITIES IN DRĂGOIASA-TULGHEŞ DEPRESSIONARY ALIGNMENT George-Bogdan TOFAN (Art#251106-672) . 59 THE FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF FLASH FLOODS ON THE RIVERS IN THE LAND OF DORNA Izabela Amalia MIHALCA, Mircea ALEXE, Irina ALEXE (Art#251107-676) . 66 EFFECT OF WATER BORNE DISEASES ON INDIAN ECONOMY: A COST- BENEFIT ANALYSIS Hemant PATHAK (Art#251108-678) . 74 CLUSTERING AND THE NATURE OF RELATIONSHIP AMONGST FIRMS IN THE LAGOS REGION, NIGERIA Adejompo FAGBOHUNKA (Art#251109-669) . 79 ELECTORAL BEHAVIOUR AT THE 2009 AND 2014 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS IN HARGHITA, COVASNA AND MUREŞ COUNTIES George-Bogdan TOFAN, Adrian-Florin NIŢĂ, Bogdan-Nicolae PĂCURAR (Art#251110-675) . 88 THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE ROAD NETWORK DENSITY AND THE DRAINAGE DENSITY IN BÂRSA COUNTRY (ROMANIA) Ionuț Georgian PURCĂREAȚĂ (Art#251111-677) . 105 TRENDS AND PROSPECTS IN THE EVOLUTION AND DYNAMICS OF THE FELIX - 1 MAI SPAS TOURIST SYSTEM Grigore Vasile HERMAN, Corina TĂTAR (Art#251112-673) . 116 Book review - RELIEFUL DE GLIMEE, Editura Presa Unviversitară Clujeană by Josan Nicolae (Art#251213-674) . 127 Analele Universităţii din Oradea, Seria Geografie Year XXV, no. 1/2015 (June), pp. 05-13 ISSN 1221-1273, E-ISSN 2065-3409 Article no. 251101-664 INFLUENCE OF HUMAN ACTIVITIES ON WATER QUALITY OF RIVERS AND GROUNDWATERS FROM BRĂILA COUNTY Ana-Maria CIOBOTARU Research Centre for Integrated Analysis and Territorial Management, Faculty of Geography, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania, e-mail: [email protected] Abstract: The article analyses the effects produced by the anthropic (polution, irrigation and chemical processing) to water concentration from groundwater (concentration of nitrates, phosphates, dissolved oxygen). In Brăila county, the main sources of water pollution are the population which discharge untreated wastewater, a series of public and private companies but also pig complexes. The quality of the environment in Brăila county improved after were closed the enterprises and polluant sections and the pig complexes from Gropeni, Brăila, Tichileşti, Deduleşti and Cireşu. Key words: water, pollution, human activities, untreated wastewater * * * * * * INTRODUCTION Brăila County was studied over time by many researchers, geographers, agronomists, biologists and hydrologists. The first wider reports concerning the Lower Danube are summarized in Tabula Peutigeriană and in the medieval period where new information about the Lower Danube in the work of historians such Idrisi and Abu Feda (XII-XIV centuries) (Andronache, 2008). The first high precision maps published in 1864, which were prepared on the orders of the ruler Alexandru Ioan Cuza. The problem of the influence of human activities on water quality in Romania and also, in Brăila County was discussed in scientific papers since the late nineteenth century; among those who studied the problems of Brăila county are: Morariu et al., 1966; Coteţ, 1967; Roşu, 1980; Onea, 2002; Andronache, 2008; Ianos et al., 2010 and Strat, 2013. In the international literature the influence of human activities on water quality was studied by: Vitousek et al., 1997; Codd, 2000; Norman Doyle, 2005; Peters et al., 2006; Hudon & Carignan, 2008; Obire et al., 2008; Pathak et al., 2011. Direct discharge of untreated waters into rivers could contribute to microbial pollution and can have negative effects on the quality of water (Obire et al., 2008). In Brăila County are reported some problems of polution of waters especially on the Danube and Buzău. STUDY AREA Brăila County is located in south-eastern part of Romania occupying the lower Siret valley, a part of the Plain of Bărăgan, small parts from the Plain Sălcioara and the Pain of Buzău. In the east, Corresponding Author http://istgeorelint.uoradea.ro/Reviste/Anale/anale.htm 6 Ana-Maria CIOBOTARU Brăila County include the Great Island of Brăila. Brăila County`s area represents approximately 2% of the entire country area (figure 1) (Costachie et al., 2014). Water quality decay, characterized by important modifications of chemical oxygen demand, suspended solids, nitrogen, phosphorous and so forth (Mvungi et al., 2003) are the result of wastewater discharge in rivers (Popa et al., 2012). The geographical position of Brăila County is given by the following coordinates: 28 ° 10' east longitude - extreme point is Frecăţei commune; 27°5' west longitude, extreme point is Galbenu commune; 45°28 north latitude, extreme point is Măxineni commune; 44°44' south latitude, extreme point is Ciocile commune (Gâştescu & Gruescu, 1973). Overall, the relief is made up of large smooth areas interfluvial