“How can we understand the role of education?” A qualitative content analysis of resources, agency, and achievements of the situation of migrant women in Sweden and their political and social empowerment. Politica l Science: Global Politics and Societal Change One -Year Master Program 15 Credits. Fall 2019 Supervisor: Dr. Johan Brännmark Student: Agata Kunka Abstract Migration has been an extensive topic in Sweden as it has been debated and discussed through various perspectives such as through the political and social participation. Within this scope of research education is one of many important factors that enhance political and social participation within migrant women (Atger, 2009). This research aims to analyze the role of educating migrant women in empowering them to acknowledge their political and social development through the tool of empowerment theory of Naila Kabeer; resources, agency, and achievements (1999). Resources have been examined as economic, human and social ones by the tool of content analysis. Agency refers to the ability of individuals to recognize and act upon choices available to them; dec is io n-making process (Ibid). Achievements include women participation in different organizations, political parties and in the labo r market. This paper analyses education that empowers migrant women through resources, agency and achievements to become a socially and politically active agent in Sweden. Word count: 16166 Keywords: Education, Migratio n, Women Empowerment, Social and Politica l Participatio n. 2 Table of Content Abstract ..................................................................................................................................... 2 1.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 5 1.2 Topic Relevance to the Field of Political Science ............................................................................................5 1.3 Aim and Research Question .....................................................................................................................................7 2. Literature Review ................................................................................................................. 8 2.1 Conceptualizing Empowerment from a gender lens ...........................................................................................8 2.2 Mapping the role of Education in Empowerment ................................................................................................9 2.3 Women Empowerment, Education and Migration ........................................................................................... 11 4. Theoretical Framework: Kabeer Empowerment Theory............................................... 12 4.1 Empowerment Theory and Political Science...................................................................................................... 13 3. Methodology........................................................................................................................ 15 3.1 Data and Material......................................................................................................................................................... 16 3.1.1 Semi-structured interviews............................................................................................................................... 16 3.1.2 The Role of the Interviewees and the Researcher ......................................................................................... 17 3.1.3 Ethical Consideration.............................................................................................................................................. 18 3.2 Report: Migrant political participation: a review of policies and integration results in the OSCE region ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 19 3.4 Delimitations ................................................................................................................................................................. 19 3.5 The Case of Sweden.................................................................................................................................................... 20 3.6 Qualitative Content Analysis and Coding ........................................................................................................... 22 5. Analysis................................................................................................................................ 23 5.1 Mapping the Interviews with migrant women in Sweden (28-36).............................................................. 24 5.1.1 Investigating Resources .................................................................................................................................... 24 5.1.2 The Discussion of Income................................................................................................................................. 24 5.1.2 The Discussion of Skills .................................................................................................................................... 26 5.1.3. The Discussion of Civic Education .............................................................................................................. 27 5.2. Agency: Decision-Making....................................................................................................................................... 29 5.2.1. The Discussion of Decision Making ............................................................................................................ 30 5.2.2. The Discussion of Negotiations..................................................................................................................... 30 5.2.3. The Discussion of Resistance ......................................................................................................................... 31 5.2.5 The Discussion of Voice .................................................................................................................................... 31 5.2.6 The Discussion of Cognitive Process of Reflections ............................................................................... 32 5.2.7 The Discussion of Capacity ............................................................................................................................. 33 5.3. Achievements ................................................................................................................... 33 5.3.1. Capability................................................................................................................................................................... 34 5.3.2. Polit ica l Participat ion............................................................................................................................................. 35 5.4. Report Analysis ........................................................................................................................................................... 36 5.4.1 Resources .................................................................................................................................................................... 37 5.4.1.1 Social Capital ......................................................................................................................................................... 37 5.4.1.2. Civic Education, Citizenship Knowledge ................................................................................................... 38 5.4.1.3. Income..................................................................................................................................................................... 39 5.4.2. Achievements ........................................................................................................................................................... 39 5.4.2.1. Polit ica l Participat ion ......................................................................................................................................... 40 5.4.2.2. Social Participation: Voluntarism .................................................................................................................. 40 5.4.2.3. Capabilities ............................................................................................................................................................ 41 3 5.4.3.Agency ......................................................................................................................................................................... 41 5.5. Conclusion of Analysis ............................................................................................................................................. 42 5.5.1 Resources: Income, Skills, Civic Education and Social Capital .............................................................. 42 5.5.2 Agency and Achievement: Political Participation, Socia l Participat ion, Capabilit ies ...................... 43 5.5.3 Discussion ................................................................................................................................................................... 43 6. Conclusion ..........................................................................................................................