ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT PLAN CITY OF BEAVER DAM JULY 2019 Prepared by: Applied Technologies, Inc. 13400 Bishop’s Lane Suite 270 Brookfield, WI 53005 (262) 784-7690 PN6086 J:\6086 - Beaver Dam FP\WORDPROC\REPORTS\Title Page_AMP.docx TABLE OF CONTENTS Section 1 – Executive Summary ..................................................................................................... 1 Section 2 – Introduction .................................................................................................................. 2 2.1 Adaptive Management………………………………………………………………...3 2.2 Identify Partners……………………………………………………………………….3 Section 3 – Watershed Information ................................................................................................ 6 3.1 Adaptive Management Eligibility……………………………………………………..6 3.2 Required Load Reductions - Rock River TMDL……………………….……………..7 3.3 Watershed Description and Inventory…………………………………………………8 3.4 Critical Source Areas…………………………………………………………………17 Section 4 – Load Reduction Plan .................................................................................................. 24 4.1 Management Practices………………………………………………………………..24 4.2 Implementation Schedule…………………………………………………………….28 Section 5 – Project Metrics ........................................................................................................... 29 5.1 Measuring Success…………………………………………………………………...29 5.2 Financial Viability……………………………………………………………………31 Appendix J:\6086 - Beaver Dam FP\WORDPROC\REPORTS\Beaver Dam Adaptive Management Plan.docx SECTION 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The City of Beaver Dam (City) was required to submit a Final Compliance Alternatives Plan (CAP) by April 30, 2019, which was performed to evaluate a variety of alternatives capable of ensuring permit compliance. The Final CAP provided a summary of the alternatives considered and a roadmap toward implementing Adaptive Management in the Beaver Dam Watershed. This report presents the Adaptive Management Plan. Partnerships were established in the watershed, including a critical partnership with the Beaver Dam Lake Improvement Association. The Beaver Dam Watershed was defined as Reaches 34, 33, 82, and 32 of the Rock River Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL). The watershed was described and characterized. Agriculture is the dominant land use within the Beaver Dam Watershed, and several phosphorus loss reduction practices were identified to be compatible with corn production. To prioritize areas for new practices and installations, critical source areas (CSAs) were identified. These include crop fields in the Beaver Dam Creek Subwatershed, shorelines and bays within Beaver Dam Lake, and other locations recommended by the Dodge County Land and Water Conservation District. The total annual target phosphorus reduction was determined to be approximately 7,400 pounds per year. Improved effluent quality at the City of Beaver Dam Wastewater Treatment Plant will likely comprise a major portion of the target phosphorus reduction. Nonpoint source reductions are anticipated to be critical to achieving the target, including cover crop adoption, no-till practices, carp management, and shoreline protection on Beaver Dam Lake. Project success will be defined by improved water quality and financial viability for the City of Beaver Dam. These metrics will be evaluated annually, with the Adaptive Management approach being assessed before each new permit term. Adaptive Management is anticipated to be the lowest cost compliance option for the City of Beaver Dam. Relying on strong partnerships, the City of Beaver Dam is eager to do its part to meet the goals set out in this Adaptive Management Plan. 1 SECTION 2 INTRODUCTION The City of Beaver Dam (City) owns and operates a 5.5 mgd wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Dodge County, Wisconsin. The current average flow is 4.3 mgd, and the current effluent phosphorus concentration is approximately 0.8 mg/L. When the Rock River Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) allocations were introduced, the City would have been required to meet effluent limits ranging from approximately 0.04 to 0.06 mg/L under design year flows. The City discharges to the Beaver Dam River (Reach 34), which is downstream of Beaver Dam Lake. The original TMDL was contested and revised when it was determined that that the load allocations from Beaver Dam Lake to Reach 34 were errant. The TMDL allocations were revised by the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (WDNR), and these revisions were approved by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) on August 17, 2018. The new phosphorus TMDL allocations will result in limits ranging from approximately 0.16 to 0.75 mg/L based on anticipated design year flows. Compliance with the revised TMDL is required by July 2023. In anticipation of this lower limit, the City’s current Wisconsin Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (WPDES) permit includes a phosphorus compliance schedule. The compliance schedule requires the City to complete several actions to evaluate alternatives and achieve compliance. The City was required submit a Final Compliance Alternatives Plan (CAP) by April 30, 2019. The Compliance Alternatives Plan was performed to evaluate a wide variety of compliance alternatives capable of ensuring permit compliance. The Final CAP provided a summary of the alternatives considered and a roadmap toward implementing Adaptive Management in the Beaver Dam Watershed. This report presents the Adaptive Management Plan. 2 ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT Adaptive Management (AM) presents a unique opportunity for the City to demonstrate compliance with its permit. With AM, the City would work with partners to reduce phosphorus loadings in the Beaver Dam Watershed, defined as Reaches 34, 33, 82, and 32 of the Rock River TMDL. Through both point and non-point load reductions over several permit terms, the City will seek to achieve the total phosphorus (TP) water quality criterion (WQC) of 0.075 mg/L at the bottom of Reach 34, which is the point of compliance. IDENTIFY PARTNERS A successful Adaptive Management Plan relies of strong partnerships. Fortunately, the Beaver Dam Watershed already has many active parties interested in water quality improvement. By accessing local knowledge, coordinating with other governmental organizations, and reaching out to non-governmental groups, these strong partnerships can foster strong relationships with stakeholders and lead to improved outcomes. Several past research studies focused on water quality within the Beaver Dam Watershed. The Beaver Dam Lake Improvement Association, in collaboration with the City, Columbia County LWCD, and the WDNR, has led sampling and watershed improvement efforts for decades. Phosphorus concentrations, flowrates, and other water quality parameters were measured at several sites throughout the watershed, as detailed in Section 3. Sampling continued through 2017 with researchers from the University of Wisconsin–Madison. With their continued leadership in the watershed, the Beaver Dam Lake Improvement Association is a critical partner. Many organizations were contacted as potential Adaptive Management partners. The table below summarizes the proposed roles and responsibilities of all partners. Letters of support are included in the Appendix from key partners. 3 Table 2-1 Adaptive Management Partners Partner Role / Responsibilities Lead partner for Adaptive Management project. Coordinate project efforts, define scope. City of Beaver Dam* (City) Establish schedule for proposed projects. Source of financial assistance for improvements and new practices. Coordinate search for external funding. Beaver Dam Lake Improvement Identify opportunities for phosphorus reductions in the watershed. Association* (BDLIA) Provide technical assistance for City’s wastewater treatment facility. Provide technical assistance to the City for implementing and Applied Technologies, Inc.* quantifying phosphorus reductions in the watershed. (ATI) Support efforts to complete grant proposals and cost-share applications. Provide technical assistance, public outreach, and public education related to the Adaptive Management project. Clean Wisconsin Coordinate efforts and practices with other Adaptive Management projects in Wisconsin. Provide technical assistance, regulatory oversight, and review of Columbia County implemented practices in Columbia County. Land and Water Conservation Evaluate current and future landowner compliance with Department* (LWCD) Wisconsin’s agricultural standards and limits from NR 151. Dodge County Farmers Identify possible opportunities for phosphorus reductions in the For Healthy Soil Healthy watershed. Water* (FHSHW) Provide technical assistance, regulatory oversight, and review of Dodge County implemented practices in Dodge County. Land and Water Conservation Evaluate current and future landowner compliance with Wisconsin’s Department* (LWCD) agricultural standards and limits from NR 151. MSA Professional Services Provide technical assistance for the City of Beaver Dam’s municipal (MSA) separate storm sewer system (MS4). 4 Provide technical assistance and financial assistance for the Adaptive United States Department of Management Project. Agriculture (USDA) - Support enrollment in USDA programs with cost-share/funding such Farm Services Agency (FSA) as the Environmental Quality Incentive Program (EQIP) and the and Natural Resources Regional Conservation Partnership Program (RCPP) to implement Conservation Service (NRCS) BMPs as part of the Adaptive Management Project.