Handbook of Basic Atomic Spectroscopic Data J. E. Sansonettia… and W. C. Martin National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-0001 ͑Received 4 March 2004; revised manuscript received 30 April 2004; accepted 21 May 2004; published online 28 September 2005͒ © 2005 American Institute of Physics. ͓DOI: 10.1063/1.1800011͔ Contents Fluorine ͑F͒............................ 1715 Francium ͑Fr͒.......................... 1720 Gadolinium ͑Gd͒........................ 1721 1. Introduction................................ 1560 Gallium ͑Ga͒........................... 1731 1.1. Atomic Data Tables...................... 1560 Germanium ͑Ge͒........................ 1734 1.2. Strong Line Tables...................... 1560 Gold ͑Au͒............................. 1739 1.2.1. Wavelengths. ..................... 1560 Hafnium ͑Hf͒........................... 1744 1.2.2. Intensities........................ 1561 Helium ͑He͒........................... 1750 1.3. Persistent Line Tables.................... 1561 Holmium ͑Ho͒.......................... 1756 1.3.1. Transition Probabilities............. 1561 Hydrogen ͑H͒.......................... 1763 1.3.2. Energy-Level Classifications. ....... 1562 Indium ͑In͒............................ 1766 1.4. Energy Level Tables..................... 1562 Iodine ͑I͒.............................. 1771 1.5. Finding List............................ 1562 Iridium ͑Ir͒............................ 1776 1.6. Acknowledgments....................... 1562 Iron ͑Fe͒.............................. 1782 1.7. References............................. 1562 Krypton ͑Kr͒........................... 1797 ͑ 2. Data Tables for the Elements Ordered Lanthanum ͑La͒......................... 1805 ͒ Alphabetically ............................. 1564 Lead ͑Pb͒.............................. 1811 ͑ ͒ Actinium Ac .......................... 1564 Lithium ͑Li͒............................ 1816 ͑ ͒ Aluminum Al ......................... 1568 Lutetium ͑Lu͒.......................... 1820 ͑ ͒ Americium Am ........................ 1573 Magnesium ͑Mg͒........................ 1825 ͑ ͒ Antimony Sb .......................... 1577 Manganese ͑Mn͒........................ 1831 ͑ ͒ Argon Ar ............................. 1582 Mercury ͑Hg͒.......................... 1836 ͑ ͒ Arsenic As ........................... 1592 Molybdenum ͑Mo͒...................... 1840 Astatine ͑At͒........................... 1595 Neodymium ͑Nd͒....................... 1847 Barium ͑Ba͒............................ 1596 Neon ͑Ne͒............................. 1855 Berkelium ͑Bk͒......................... 1600 Neptunium ͑Np͒........................ 1867 Beryllium ͑Be͒......................... 1606 Nickel ͑Ni͒............................ 1871 Bismuth ͑Bi͒........................... 1609 Niobium ͑Nb͒.......................... 1878 Boron ͑B͒............................. 1614 Nitrogen ͑N͒........................... 1885 Bromine ͑Br͒........................... 1617 Osmium ͑Os͒........................... 1891 Cadmium ͑Cd͒.......................... 1622 Oxygen ͑O͒............................ 1898 Calcium ͑Ca͒........................... 1625 Palladium ͑Pd͒.......................... 1904 Californium ͑Cf͒........................ 1630 Phosphorus ͑P͒......................... 1909 Carbon ͑C͒............................. 1634 Platinum ͑Pt͒........................... 1915 Cerium ͑Ce͒............................ 1640 Plutonium ͑Pu͒......................... 1926 Cesium ͑Cs͒............................ 1652 Polonium ͑Po͒.......................... 1932 Chlorine ͑Cl͒........................... 1657 Potassium ͑K͒.......................... 1933 Chromium ͑Cr͒......................... 1664 Praseodymium ͑Pr͒...................... 1937 Cobalt ͑Co͒............................ 1673 Promethium ͑Pm͒....................... 1944 Copper ͑Cu͒............................ 1679 Protactinium ͑Pa͒....................... 1951 Curium ͑Cm͒........................... 1684 Radium ͑Ra͒........................... 1957 Dysprosium ͑Dy͒........................ 1691 Radon ͑Rn͒............................ 1960 Einsteinium ͑Es͒........................ 1698 Rhenium ͑Re͒.......................... 1962 Erbium ͑Er͒............................ 1702 Rhodium ͑Rh͒.......................... 1968 Europium ͑Eu͒.......................... 1708 Rubidium ͑Rb͒......................... 1974 Ruthenium ͑Ru͒......................... 1978 a͒Electronic mail: [email protected] Samarium ͑Sm͒......................... 1985 © 2005 American Institute of Physics. Scandium ͑Sc͒.......................... 1992 Õ Õ Õ Õ Õ 0047-2689 2005 34„4… 1559 701 $39.001559 J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Vol. 34, No. 4, 2005 1560 J. E. SANSONETTI AND W. C. MARTIN Selenium ͑Se͒.......................... 1997 Although we have made heavy use of previous compila- Silicon ͑Si͒............................ 2001 tions, our tables for the great majority of elements include at Silver ͑Ag͒............................. 2009 least some data compiled by us from more recent original Sodium ͑Na͒........................... 2013 literature and, in some cases, from unpublished material. Our Strontium ͑Sr͒.......................... 2018 most extensive use of data from the original literature has Sulfur ͑S͒.............................. 2022 been for the heavier elements. Although the data are incom- Tantalum ͑Ta͒.......................... 2028 plete, our wavelength and energy level tables for these ele- Technetium ͑Tc͒........................ 2035 ments, especially, comprise a supplement to the ASD. For Tellurium ͑Te͒.......................... 2041 example, the current version of the ASD includes energy- Terbium ͑Tb͒........................... 2046 level data for only two spectra ͑Mo I,II͒ of the 72 spectra of Thallium ͑Tl͒........................... 2051 the neutral and singly-ionized atoms of the elements Rb to Thorium ͑Th͒........................... 2054 Ba (Zϭ37– 56) and Hf to Ra (Zϭ72– 88). No complete and Thulium ͑Tm͒.......................... 2064 critical compilations of energy levels have appeared for most Tin ͑Sn͒............................... 2071 of these spectra since Vols. 2 and 3 of Atomic Energy Levels Titanium ͑Ti͒........................... 2076 ͓M52, M58͔. For the actinide elements Ac–Es (Z Tungsten ͑W͒........................... 2086 ϭ89– 99), we were able to rely almost entirely on the very Uranium ͑U͒........................... 2093 complete compilation by Blaise and Wyart ͓BW92b͔. Vanadium ͑V͒.......................... 2101 For some spectra, especially some of the lighter elements, Xenon ͑Xe͒............................ 2109 we have taken data from existing compilations that have Ytterbium ͑Yb͒......................... 2118 been superseded by data reported in more recent literature. Yttrium ͑Y͒............................ 2124 1.1. Atomic Data Tables Zinc ͑Zn͒.............................. 2130 Zirconium ͑Zr͒......................... 2133 A small selection of nonspectroscopic atomic data has 3. References and Notes........................ 2141 been provided for each element. Included are the atomic 4. Finding List............................... 2157 number and weight and a list of naturally occurring isotopes, 5. Indices.................................... 2258 including the isotopic mass, the relative abundance, the 5.1. Index by Atomic Number................. 2258 nuclear spin ͑in units of h/2␲͒, and the magnetic moment ͑in 5.2. Index by Chemical Symbol............... 2259 units of nuclear magnetons͒. For elements with no naturally occurring isotopes, the most commonly observed isotopes are listed. These data are taken from J. Emsley ͓E95͔. 1. Introduction 1.2. Strong Line Tables This handbook is designed to provide a selection of the most important and frequently used atomic spectroscopic For each of the elements a list of the strongest lines in the data in an easily accessible compact format. The compilation spectra of the neutral and singly-ionized atom has been com- includes data for the neutral and singly-ionized atoms of all piled. This list includes the wavelength, the ionization stage, elements hydrogen through einsteinium (Zϭ1 – 99). The the reference for the wavelength measurement, and an inten- wavelengths, intensities, and spectrum assignments are given sity. Unless otherwise noted, the spectroscopic data in this in a table for each element, and the data for the approxi- Handbook pertain to the naturally occurring isotopic mix for mately 12 000 lines of all elements are also collected into a each element. ͑ ͒ single table, sorted by wavelength a ‘‘finding list’’ . 1.2.1. Wavelengths More complete data for a smaller number of the most per- sistent lines of each spectrum are given in additional tables The wavelengths for many spectra have been taken from for each element. In addition to the wavelengths and inten- Reader et al., ͓RCWM80͔. Wavelengths given to three deci- sities, the energy levels and transitions probabilities ͑where mal places in ͓RCWM80͔ have a stated uncertainty of less available͒ are listed for a total of about 2400 lines in these than 0.001, and many of the two-place wavelengths in tables. We also give a separate table of energy level data for ͓RCWM80͔ are rounded off from three-place values in the each spectrum which, although incomplete, includes levels original literature. additional to those involved in the persistent-line transitions. Laboratory observations carried out since the publication More complete data than those selected for this Handbook of ͓RCWM80͔ have yielded improved wavelength data for can usually be found in references