Votives, Places and Rituals in Etruscan Religion Religions in the Graeco-Roman World Editors H. S. Versnel D. Frankfurter J. Hahn VOLUME 166 Votives, Places and Rituals in Etruscan Religion Studies in Honor of Jean MacIntosh Turfa Edited by Margarita Gleba Hilary Becker LEIDEN • BOSTON 2009 This book is printed on acid-free paper. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Votives, places, and rituals in Etruscan religion : studies in honor of Jean MacIntosh Turfa / edited by Margarita Gleba, Hilary Becker. p. cm. — (Religions in the Graeco-Roman world ; v. 166) English and French. Includes bibliographical references and indexes. ISBN 978-90-04-17045-2 (hardback : alk. paper) 1. Etruscans—Religion. 2. Etruria—Antiquities. I. Turfa, Jean MacIntosh, 1947– II. Gleba, Margarita. III. Becker, Hilary. BL813.E8V68 2009 299’.9294—dc22 2008036977 ISSN 0927-7633 ISBN 978 90 04 17045 2 Copyright 2009 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands. 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Fees are subject to change. printed in the netherlands mi Jean MacIntosh Turfa le zich mlach mlakasi CONTENTS List of Illustrations .................................................................... xi Tabula gratulatoria ........................................................................ xv Jean MacIntosh Turfa—An Appreciation ............................... xxiii Bibliography of Jean MacIntosh Turfa .................................... xxvii Editors’ Preface ......................................................................... xxxiii Authors ...................................................................................... xxxv Bibliographic Abbreviations ..................................................... xli Introduction .............................................................................. 1 Hilary Becker and Margarita Gleba PART ONE VOTIVES Chapter One ‘Gli Etruschi fuori d’Etruria’: Dons et Offrandes Étrusques en Méditerranée Occidentale et dans l’Ouest de l’Europe ...................................................... 15 Jean Gran-Aymerich Chapter Two Les Inscriptions Votives du Sanctuaire de Portonaccio à Véies .............................................................. 43 Dominique Briquel Chapter Three Textile Tools in Ancient Italian Votive Contexts: Evidence of Dedication or Production? .............. 69 Margarita Gleba PART TWO PLACES Chapter Four The Economic Agency of the Etruscan Temple: Elites, Dedications and Display ............................. 87 Hilary Becker viii contents Chapter Five The Historical and Religious Context of Vows Fulfi lled in Etruscan Temple Foundations ................... 101 Ingrid Edlund-Berry Chapter Six Remains of the Ritual at the Sanctuary of Poggio Colla ............................................................................ 107 P. Gregory Warden Chapter Seven The Cima Tumulus at San Giuliano—An Aristocratic Tomb and Monument for the Cult of the Ancestors of the Late Orientalizing Period ........................... 123 Stephan Steingräber Chapter Eight Stone Sculpture in the Context of Etruscan Tombs: A Note on its Position ............................................... 135 Iefke van Kampen PART THREE RITUALS Chapter Nine The Earliest Etruscan Toast. Considerations on the Earliest Phases of Populonia ...................................... 159 Gilda Bartoloni Chapter Ten On Mutilated Mirrors ....................................... 171 Nancy T. de Grummond Chapter Eleven Ritual Dress ................................................... 183 Larissa Bonfante Chapter Twelve Veiled and Unveiled: Uncovering Roman Infl uence in Hellenistic Italy .................................................. 193 Fay Glinister Chapter Thirteen On the Enigmatic Deity Lur in the Liber linteus zagrabiensis ............................................................. 217 L. Bouke van der Meer contents ix Chapter Fourteen Cremation and Comminution at Etruscan Tarquinia in the 5th–4th Century BCE: Insights into Cultural Transformations from Tomb 6322 .......................... 229 Marshall J. Becker Illustrations Section .................................................................... 249 Index of Places ........................................................................... 285 General Index ............................................................................. 289 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Map 1. Etruscan cities and their territories. Map by Tom Elliott (Ancient World Mapping Center, www.unc.edu/awmc) and Hilary Becker ............................... xliv Figure 1. Sites d’Occident avec offrandes étrusques ou objets à caratère votif: 1, La Algaida; 2, Barzan; 3, Marseille; 4, Ampurias; 5, Carthage; 6, Saint-Blaise; 7, Malaga; 8, Vézelay, Fontaines-Salées. Fond de carte avec les principales zones d’infl uence et de diffusion d’objets étrusques (d’après Camporeale et al. 2001) ............................ 251 Figure 2. Aplique de trépied, sanctuaire de La Algaida, Sanlucar de Barrameda, prov. de Cadix (d’après Corzo Sanchez 1991) ......................................................................... 252 Figure 3. Attache d’anse de bassin, sanctuaire de Fâ, Barzan, Charente-Maritime (d’après Robin et Lorenz 2006) ............. 252 Figure 4. Inscription étrusque sur une amphore locale, chantier du Collège Vieux-Port, Marseille (d’après Briquel, Gantes, Gran-Aymerich et Mellinand 2006) ......................... 253 Figure 5. Statuette de guerrier, Ampurias (d’après Castellanos Roca 1996, 89, fi g. 10) ............................................................ 253 Figure 6. Statuette de femme drapée, Ampurias (d’après Castellanos Roca 1996, 90, fi g. 11) ......................................... 253 Figure 7. Griffe de trepied avec inscription étrusque, Ampurias (d’après Sanmarti-Greco 1999) ............................. 254 Figure 8a–e. Koré de Dar-Seniat, Carthage (photographies Musée du Bardo) ............................................................. 254–255 Figure 9. Statuette de guerrier nu, des environs de Vézelay et du sanctuaire des Fontaines Salées (d’après Adam 1992, fi g. 10) ........................................................................... 256 Figure 10. Sarcophagus of Laris Pulenas (After van der Meer 1987, fi g. 78) ................................................................. 256 Figure 11. A scene of animal sacrifi ce on a Clusine sarcophagus. 5th century BCE (After Jannot 1984, pl. 105) .................................................................................... 256 xii list of illustrations Figure 12. Context 4 with upside down column/altar element and statue bases (Photo Mugello Valley Archaeological Project) ........................................................... 257 Figure 13. Context 1. Upside-down podium block and fi ssure (Photo: Mugello Valley Archaeological Project) ......... 257 Figure 14. Context 2. Bronze votive fi gurine (Photo Mugello Valley Archaeological Project) ................................................ 258 Figure 15. Context 2. Bronze Archaic lion attachment (Drawing by Anne Hooton, Mugello Valley Archaeological Project) .................................................................................... 259 Figure 16. Bronze runner from Context 2 (Photo Mugello Valley Archaeological Project) ................................................ 259 Figure 17. Context 7. Upside-down podium blocks and possible pomerium markers (Photo Mugello Valley Archaeological Project) ........................................................... 260 Figure 18. Cima Tumulus (Photo S. Steingräber) .................... 260 Figure 19. Cuccumella with the two tomb chambers built in tufa blocks (Photo S. Steingräber) ...................................... 261 Figure 20. Plan of the Cima Tumulus with the main tomb and the cippus-monument (After Naso 1996, 119 fi g. 91, reproduced with author’s permission) .................................... 262 Figure 21. Ground plan of the Tomba Cima (After Naso 1996, 121 fi g. 93, reproduced with author’s permission) ...... 263 Figure 22. Longitudinal sections of the main chamber and of the left dromos chamber of the Tomba Cima (After Naso 1996, 122 fi g. 94, reproduced with author’s permission) .............................................................................. 264 Figure 23. Tomba Cima: dromos with arched entrance doors (Photo S. Steingräber) .................................................. 264 Figure 24. Tomba Cima: left dromos chamber with remains of altar (Photo S. Steingräber) ............................................... 265 Figure 25. Tomba Cima: antichamber with coffered