European Association of Remote Sensing Companies Sentinels Benefits Study (SeBS) A Case Study Making Wine in France January 2021 SeBS-CR-002 v1.0 Page 1 January 2021 Client: ESA Client Representative: Alessandra Tassa Date of Delivery: January 2021 Version: Author(s): Geoff Sawyer (EARSC) Chris Oligschlaeger Supported by: Nikolay Khabarov (IIASA) Version Date Comment First Issue January 2021 For more information contact: • EARSC: [email protected] • ESA: [email protected] Funded by the EU and ESA - ESA Contract Number: 4000119743/17/I-SBo. The views expressed herein can in no way be taken to reflect the official opinion of the European Space Agency or the European Union. SeBS-CR-002 v1.0 Page 2 January 2021 Table of Contents Setting the Scene ............................................................................................................................................. 6 Executive Summary ......................................................................................................................................... 8 1 Introduction & Scope .............................................................................................................................. 10 1.1 The Context of the Study ........................................................................................................................... 10 1.2 What is the Case all about? ....................................................................................................................... 10 1.3 How Does this Case Relate to Others? ...................................................................................................... 10 1.4 More About the Study ............................................................................................................................... 11 1.5 Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................................... 12 2 Wine Making in France ............................................................................................................................ 13 2.1 How Wine came to France and its importance today. .............................................................................. 13 2.2 Vineyards, Wineries and Co-operatives .................................................................................................... 18 2.2.1 The Wine Industry ........................................................................................................................................................ 18 2.2.2 Oenologists and the supporting industries .................................................................................................................. 20 2.3 Growing great grapes. ............................................................................................................................... 20 2.4 Making great wine. .................................................................................................................................... 25 2.5 The Socio-environmental Context ............................................................................................................. 26 2.6 Data for Informed Decision Making .......................................................................................................... 29 2.6.1 What decisions? ........................................................................................................................................................... 29 2.6.2 What Data .................................................................................................................................................................... 30 2.6.3 Limitations of Conventional methods .......................................................................................................................... 30 3 The Use of Sentinel data ......................................................................................................................... 32 3.1 How can satellites help Grape Growers? .................................................................................................. 32 3.2 The Satellites Used .................................................................................................................................... 32 3.2.1 Copernicus and Sentinel-2 ........................................................................................................................................... 32 3.2.2 SPOT 6 & 7 and Pleiades .............................................................................................................................................. 34 3.3 The Oenoview® Service Overview ............................................................................................................. 34 3.3.1 Oenoview Services ....................................................................................................................................................... 35 3.4 The Role of the Sentinels ........................................................................................................................... 39 3.5 Potential Evolution of the Service ............................................................................................................. 40 4 Understanding the Value-chain. .............................................................................................................. 42 4.1 Description of the Value-chain linked to Grape Growing .......................................................................... 42 4.2 The Actors .................................................................................................................................................. 43 4.2.1 Service Provider (Tier 1) - TerraNIS .............................................................................................................................. 43 4.2.2 Primary User (Tier 2) – Institut Cooperatif du Vin (ICV) ............................................................................................... 43 4.2.3 Vignobles (Tier 3) ......................................................................................................................................................... 45 4.2.4 Citizens and Society (tier 4) .......................................................................................................................................... 48 4.2.5 Other Stakeholders ...................................................................................................................................................... 48 5 Assessing the Benefits ............................................................................................................................. 49 5.1 Some General Observations ...................................................................................................................... 49 5.1.1 Attribution ................................................................................................................................................................... 49 5.1.2 Winners and Losers ...................................................................................................................................................... 49 5.2 The Service Provider (Tier 1) - TerraNIS .................................................................................................... 50 5.3 The Primary User (Tier2) - ICV ................................................................................................................... 51 5.4 Vineyards (tier 3) ....................................................................................................................................... 52 SeBS-CR-002 v1.0 Page 3 January 2021 5.5 Citizens and Society (Tier 4)....................................................................................................................... 59 5.6 Other Stakeholders .................................................................................................................................... 61 5.7 Summary of the Benefits ........................................................................................................................... 61 5.7.1 Economic Benefits ....................................................................................................................................................... 62 5.7.2 Environmental Benefits ............................................................................................................................................... 63 5.7.3 Policy related (Regulatory) benefits ............................................................................................................................. 64 5.7.4 Innovation and Entrepreneurship Benefits .................................................................................................................. 65 5.7.5 Scientific and Technological Benefits ........................................................................................................................... 66 5.7.6 Societal Benefits .......................................................................................................................................................... 66 5.8 Synoptic Overview ..................................................................................................................................... 67 6 Conclusions ............................................................................................................................................