DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY GEORGE OTIS SMITH, DIRECTOR RESULTS OF SPIRIT LEVELING IN ALABAMA, GEORGIA, NORTH CAROLINA, SOUTH CAROLINA, AND TENNESSEE 1896 TO 1909, INCLUSIVE R. B. MARSHALL, CHIEF GEOGRAPHER Work done in cooperation with the State of Alabama during 1899 to 1905, inclusive; with the State of North Carolina during 1896 and from 1902 to 1909, inclusive WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1911 CONTENTS. Page. Introduction ............................................................ 7 Scope of the work..................................................... 7 Cooperation and personnel.............................................. 7 Classification.......................................................... 8 Bench marks......................................................... 8 Alabama ................................................................. 9 Precise leveling........................................................ 9 Stevenson quadrangle (Jackson County)............................. 9 Primary leveling..................................................... 10 Anmston, Gadsden, Fort Payne, Rome, and Wedowce quadrangles (Calhoun, Chambers, Cherokee, Cleburne, Dekalb, Etowah, Ran­ dolph, and Talladega counties)................................... 10 Dadeville, Opelika, Talladega, and Wetumpka quadrangles (Autauga, Chambers, Clay, Chilton, Coosa, Elrnore, Lee, Macon, Tallapoosa, and Talladega counties)......................................... 15 Columbus and Scale quadrangle's (Lee and Russell counties)......... 21 Bessemer, Bessemer special, Birmingham, Birmingham special, Brook- wood, Columbiana, Leeds, MontWallo, and Vandiver quadrangles (Bibb, Blount, Chilton, Cullman, Jefferson, and Shejby counties)... 22 Georgia................................................................... 31 Precise leveling.......................................... '............. 31 Atlanta, Baxley, Brunswick, Dalton, Eastman, Everett, Griffin, Jack­ son, Jesup, Lumber City, McRae, Macon, Marietta, Ringgold, and Rome quadrangles (Appling, Bibb, Butts, Clayton, Cobb, Coffee, Dodge, Floyd, Fulton, Glynn, Gordon, Henry, Monroe, Paulding, Polk, Pulaski, Telfair, Twiggs, Wayne, and Whitfield counties).... 31 Ringgold quadrangle (Dade County)............................... 37 Macon and Meriwether quadrangles (Baldwin, Bibb, and Jones coun­ ties). ......:................................................... 37 Primary leveling .................................................... 38 Dahlonega, Dalton, and Ellijay quadrangles (Fannin, Gilmer, Haber- sham, Lumpkin, Murray, Rabun, Towns, Union, White, and Whit- field counties)................................................... 38 Acworth, Adairsville, Stilesboro, and Waleska quadrangles (Bartow, Cherokee, Cobb, Gordon, Paulding, and Pickens counties)........... 41 Rome and Wedowee quadrangles (Carroll, Chattooga, Floyd, Heard, Polk, and Troup counties)...................................... 44 Butler, Columbus, Griffin, Macon, Opelika, and Talbotton quad­ rangles (Bibb, Chattahoochee, Crawford, Harris, Henry, Houston, Meriwether, Muscogee, Pike, Spalding, Taylor, Talbot, and Troup counties)....................................................... 46 Crawfordville, Eatonton, Greensboro, Jackson, Madison, Meriwether, Milledgeville, and Monticello quadrangles (Baldwin, Butts, Greene, Jasper, Lincoln, McDuffie, Morgan, Oglethorpe, Taliaferro,Warren, and Wilkes counties)........................................... 52 111770 4 CONTENTS. Page. Georgia-South Carolina.................................................... 57 Primary leveling ..................................................... 57 Carnesville, Crawfordville, Elberton, and Walhalla quadrangles (El- bert, Franklin, Habersham, and Hart counties, Ga., Abbeville, Anderson, and Oconee counties, S. C. ....:....................... 57 North Carolina............................................................ 58 Precise leveling....................................................... 58 Asheville, Beaufort, Gary, Clayton, Durham, Garner, Goldsboro, Gra­ ham, Greensboro, Hickory, High Point, Hillsboro, Kenly, Lexing- ton.McLeansville, Morganton, Mount Mitchell, Newbern, Newport, Newton, Princeton, Raleigh, Salisbury, Snow Hill, Statesville, and Trent River quadrangles (Alamance, Buncombe, Burke, Carteret, Catawba, Craven, Davidson, Durham, Guilford, Iredell, Johnston, Jones, Lenoir, McDowell, Madison, Orange, Rowan, Wake, and Wayne counties)............................................:... 58 Clarksville, Durham, Oxford, and Stem quadrangles (Durham and Granville counties).............................................. 65 Danbury, Greensboro, Kernereville, Madison, and Martinsville quad­ rangles (Guilford and Rockingham counties)....................... 67 Crowders, Dallas, Hickory, Lincolnton, and Newton quadrangles (Catawba, Gaston, and Lincoln counties).......................... 68 Primary leveling...................................................... 69 Beckford, Courtland, Edenton, Hertford, Okisko, Riddicksville, Suffolk, Winton, and Woodland quadrangles (Chowan, Gates, Hert^ ford, and Perquimans counties)................................... 69 Ayden, Chocowinity, Clayton, Eagle Rock, Falkland, Goldsboro, Kenly, Newbern, Parmele, Raleigh, Rocky Mount, Snow Hill, Springhope, Tarboro, Trent River, Vanceboro, Williamston, Wilson, and Winterville quadrangles (Beaufort, Craven, Edgecombe, Frank­ lin, Greene, Johnston, Jones, Martin, Nash, Pitt, Wake, Wayne, and Wilson counties)................................................ 73 Dunn, Four Oaks, Great Coharie, Parkersburg, Princeton, and Stedman quadrangles (Harnett, Johnston, and Sampson counties)............. 80 Clarksville and "Virgilina quadrangles (Granville and Person counties). 83 Catawba, Charlotte, Concord, Huntersville, Matthews, and Statesville quadrangles (Cabarrus, Mecklenburg, Rowan, and Union coun­ ties) ........................................................... 83 Gaffney, Kings Mountain, Lincolnton, and Shelby quadrangles (Cleveland, Gaston, and Lincoln counties). ^....................... 86 Abingdon, Asheville, Morganton, Mount Mitchell, and Roan Mountain quadrangles (Buncombe, Burke, Caldwell, Cleveland, Haywood, Madison, McDowell, Mitchell, Rutherford, and Yancey counties).... 89 Pisgah and Saluda quadrangles (Haywood, Henderson, Polk, Ruther-. ford, and Transylvania counties)................................. 95 South Carolina............................................................. 99 Precise leveling........................................................ 99 Chester, Columbia, Crowders, Killian, Ridgeway, and Yorkvilie quad­ rangles (Chester, Fairfield, Richmond, and York counties)......... 99 Primary leveling......................J..............................' 100 Columbia and Prosperity quadrangles (Fairfield, Lexington, Newberry, and Richland counties).......................................... 100 Catawba; Charlotte, Gaffney, Kings Mountain, Rock Hill, Sharon. and Yorkvilie quadrangles (Cherokea, Chester, Union, and York coun­ ties). .....................................'..................... 104 Pisgah and Saluda quadrangles (Greenville and Spartanburg counties). 107 CONTENTS. 5 Page. Tennessee............................................................... 108 Precise leveling....................................................... 108 Asheville, Cleveland, Kingston, Knoxville, London, Maynardville, Morristown, and Mount Guyot quadrangles (Bradley, Cooke, Ham- blen, Jefferson, Knox, Loudon, McMinn, andMonroecounties)....... 108 Chattanooga, Cleveland, and Ooltewah quadrangles (Bradley, Hamil­ ton, and James counties)......................................... Ill Chattanooga, Columbia, Elora, Fayetteville, Franklin, Groveland, Lewisburg, Nashville, Petersburg, Ringgold, Sewanee, Stevenson, and Winchester quadrangles (Davidson, Franklin, Hamilton, Lincoln, Marion, Marshall, Maury, and Williamson counties)................. 112 Murfreesboro, Nashville, Nolensville, and Woodbury quadrangles, (Cannon, Davidson, and Rutherford counties).................... 115 Bartlett and Memphis quadrangles (Shelby County).................. 117 Primary leveling..................................................... 118 Abingdou, Cranberry, Greenville, Morristown, and Roan Mountain quadrangles (Carter, Greene, Hamblen, Sullivan, Unicoi, and Wash­ ington counties)................................................ 118 Maynardville and Middlesboro quadrangles (Claiborne, Grainger, Knox, and Union counties)..................................... 121 Ducktown special (Ellijay and Murphy) quadrangle (Polk County).. 122 Dayton, Decatur, and Pikeville quadrangles (Bledsoe, Cumberland, Rhea, Van Buren, and White counties)........................... 123 Columbia, Franklin, Lawrenceburg, Linden, and Waynesboro quad­ rangles (Hickman, Lawrence, Lewis, Maury, Wayne, and Williamson counties)........................................................ 125 Nashville quadrangle (Davidson, Robertson, Sumner, Williamson, and Wilson counties)...............;................................ 129 Woodbury quadrangle (Cannon, Rutherford, and Wilson counties).... 131 Index.................................................................... 133 EESDLTS OF SPIRIT LEVELING IN ALABAMA, GEORGIA, NORTH CAROLINA, SOUTH CAROLINA, AND TENNES­ SEE, 1896 TO 1900, INCLUSIVE.. R. B. MARSHALL, Chief Geographer. INTRODUCTION. Scope of ike work. All results of spirit leveling in these States previously published by the