Annual Safety Introduction Safety overview Performance Report Progress against industry 2009/10 trajectories and targets Benchmarking A reference guide to Risk to passengers safety trends on GB railways Risk to the workforce Risk to members of the public Train accidents Road-rail interface Data Quality Appendices www.rssb.co.uk Annual Safety Performance Report 2009/10 If you would like to give feedback on any of the material contained in this report, or if you have any suggestions for future editions, please contact: Marcus Dacre Senior Safety Intelligence Analyst RSSB Block 2, Angel Square 1 Torrens Street London EC1V 1NY 020 3142 5476 [email protected] The report may be downloaded from the RSSB website: www.rssb.co.uk. Additional hard copies may be ordered at cost price by contacting the RSSB enquiry desk on 020 3142 5400. Rail Safety and Standards Board 2010 Contents __________________________________________________________________________ Contents Executive summary v 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Purpose of the report 1 1.2 Scope of the report 1 1.3 How the report analyses safety 1 1.3.1 Fatalities, injuries and FWI 1 1.3.2 Methodology 3 1.4 Data quality 3 1.5 Report structure 4 2 Safety overview 5 2.1 Risk profile – fatalities 6 2.2 Risk profile – fatalities and weighted injuries 7 2.3 Fatalities and injuries in 2009/10 8 2.4 Notable safety-related occurrences of 2009/10 9 2.5 Long-term historical trends 14 2.5.1 Rail usage 14 2.5.2 Fatalities 15 2.5.3 Train accidents 16 2.6 Looking to the future 17 2.6.1 Future influences on safety 17 2.6.2 Research and Development Programme 18 2.6.3 Sustainable Rail Programme 19 3 Progress against industry trajectories and targets 21 3.1 Trajectories of the 2009 – 2014 SSP 22 3.1.1 How progress towards the trajectories is measured 23 3.1.2 Risk to passengers from slips, trips and falls in stations 25 3.1.3 Risk to passenger at the platform-train interface 25 3.1.4 Risk to passengers from on-board injuries 26 3.1.5 Risk to train crew from on-board injuries 26 3.1.6 Risk from SPADs 27 3.1.7 Risk to track workers 27 3.1.8 Risk to station staff from slips, trips and falls 28 3.1.9 Risk from train accidents caused by infrastructure failure 28 3.1.10 Risk from train accidents caused by rolling stock failure 29 3.1.11 Risk to passengers from assault 29 3.1.12 Risk to train crew from assault 30 3.1.13 Risk to station staff from assault 30 3.1.14 Risk from trespass 31 3.1.15 Risk from vandalism 31 3.1.16 Risk from public behaviour at level crossings 32 Annual Safety Performance Report 2009/10 i Contents __________________________________________________________________________ 3.1.17 Trends in performance within categories not covered by an SSP trajectory 32 3.2 DfT High Level Output Specification 33 3.3 Common Safety Targets 35 3.3.1 NRVs, CSTs and CSIs 36 3.3.2 Assessing performance against the NRVs 37 3.3.3 Current performance against the NRVs 38 4 Benchmarking railway performance 41 4.1 Transport risk in general 42 4.1.1 Transport accidents with multiple fatalities 43 4.2 Comparing the railway with other modes of transport 44 4.2.1 Making meaningful comparisons between modes 44 4.2.2 Relative safety of travel on different transport modes: fatality risk 45 4.2.3 Relative safety of travel on different transport modes: total risk 46 4.2.4 Safety trends in car and train travel 47 4.2.5 Comparing the mainline railway and London Underground 48 4.2.6 Freight transport: comparison of fatality rates by road and rail 49 4.3 International comparisons 50 4.3.1 Comparing rail safety within the EU 50 4.3.2 Railway safety worldwide 51 4.4 Occupational risk: comparisons with other industries 52 4.4.1 Safety at work: train drivers and station staff 52 4.4.2 Safety at work: track workers 53 4.5 Benchmarking within the industry 54 5 Risk to passengers 55 5.1 Passenger risk profile by accident type 56 5.2 Passenger fatalities and injuries in 2009/10 57 5.3 Trends in passenger harm by injury degree 58 5.3.1 Passenger fatalities 59 5.3.2 Passenger major injuries 60 5.3.3 Passenger minor injuries 61 5.4 Trends in passenger harm by accident type 62 5.4.1 Slips, trips and falls in stations 63 5.4.2 Accidents at the platform-train interface 64 5.4.3 Passenger harm from accidents on board trains 66 5.5 Passenger personal security 67 5.5.1 Passenger and public assaults by location 68 5.5.2 Perceived security 69 5.5.3 Identified causes of concern – anti-social behaviour 70 5.6 Further analysis of passenger safety 71 5.6.1 Passenger safety by day of week 71 5.6.2 Passenger safety by time of day 72 ii Annual Safety Performance Report 2009/10 Contents __________________________________________________________________________ 5.6.3 Passenger safety and intoxication 73 5.6.4 Passenger safety and age 74 5.6.5 Passenger safety and gender 75 5.6.6 Passenger safety by season 76 5.7 Passenger key safety facts 77 6 Risk to the workforce 79 6.1 Workforce risk profile – accident types 80 6.2 Workforce fatalities and injuries in 2009/10 81 6.3 Trend in workforce harm by injury degree 82 6.3.1 Workforce fatalities 83 6.3.2 Workforce major injuries 85 6.3.3 Workforce minor injuries 86 6.4 Trends in workforce harm by type of worker 87 6.4.1 Track workers 88 6.4.2 Train drivers 96 6.4.3 Other on-board train crew 99 6.4.4 Station staff 102 6.4.5 Revenue protection staff 104 6.4.6 Other workforce groups 105 6.5 Workforce personal security 106 6.5.1 Overall trends 107 6.6 Workforce key safety facts 113 7 Risk to members of the public 115 7.1 Public risk profile by accident type 116 7.2 Public injuries in 2009/10 117 7.3 Trends in harm to members of the public 118 7.4 Trends in public harm by accident type 119 7.4.1 Trespass 119 7.4.2 Level crossing users 125 7.4.3 Harm to members of the public not involving trespass or level crossings 126 7.5 Vandalism 127 7.6 Suicide 128 7.6.1 Railway suicides in the wider context 129 7.7 Public key safety facts 130 8 Risk from train accidents 131 8.1 Types of train accident and train accident risk 132 8.2 Train accident risk 134 8.3 Fatalities and injuries in train accidents 135 8.4 Long-term trends in fatal train accidents 136 8.4.1 Potentially higher-risk train accidents in 2009/10 138 8.5 Trends in potentially higher-risk train accidents 140 Annual Safety Performance Report 2009/10 iii Contents __________________________________________________________________________ 8.5.1 Derailments 141 8.5.2 Collisions between trains 144 8.5.3 Collisions between trains and road vehicles 145 8.5.4 Buffer stop collisions 146 8.5.5 Accidents involving dangerous goods trains 146 8.6 Other train accidents 147 8.7 Trends in train accident precursors 148 8.7.1 The Precursor Indicator Model 148 8.7.2 Trends in the PIM indicator 150 8.7.3 Trends in the subgroups of the PIM 151 8.8 Train accident key safety facts 157 9 Risk at the road-rail interface 159 9.1 Risk at the road-rail interface 160 9.2 Risk at level crossings 161 9.2.1 Level crossing risk by cause and user type 161 9.2.2 Types of crossing 162 9.2.3 Fatalities and injuries in 2009/10 163 9.2.4 Collisions between trains and road vehicles in 2009/10 164 9.2.5 Trends in harm at level crossings 165 9.2.6 Trends in fatalities at level crossings 166 9.2.7 Collisions between trains and road vehicles 167 9.2.8 Near misses with road vehicles and pedestrians 168 9.2.9 Trains striking level crossing gates or barriers 171 9.2.10 Factors affecting the risk at level crossings 172 9.3 Vehicle incursions 174 9.4 Bridge strikes 176 9.5 Road-rail interface key safety facts 177 10 Data quality 179 10.1 SMIS 179 10.1.1 Data quality issues 180 10.1.2 Data quality improvement measures 180 10.1.3 Effects of improvement measures 183 10.2 Other sources of data 183 10.3 Different definitions of similar terms 185 Appendix 1. Key safety facts 187 Appendix 2. Fatalities in 2009/10 194 Appendix 3. Ovenstone criteria adapted for the railways 195 Appendix 4. Level crossing types 196 Appendix 5. Accident groups used within ASPR 200 Appendix 6. Definitions 201 Appendix 7. Glossary 206 iv Annual Safety Performance Report 2009/10 Executive summary __________________________________________________________________________ Executive summary Introduction This report reviews the rail industry’s safety performance over the financial year 2009/10. Recent reports have been on a calendar year basis, but RSSB has returned to financial years for consistency with Control Period 4, its associated High Level Output Specification (HLOS), and the Railway Strategic Safety Plan (SSP), all of which cover the period April 2009 to March 2014.