ISSN 0704-3716 CANADIAN TRANSLATION OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES No. 4728 Comparative analysis of embryonal-larval development of the European salmons of genus Salmo by D.A. Pavlov Original Title: Sravnitel'nyi analiz embrional'no-lichinochnogo razvitiya evropeiskikh lososei roda Salmo From: Zool. Zh. 58: 674-684, 1979 1 Translated by the Translation Bureau ( -111 ) Multilingual Services Division Department of the Secretary of State of Canada Department of Fisheries and Oceans Pacific Biological Station Nanaimo, B.C. 1981 26 pages typescript DEPARTMENT OF THE SECRETARY OF STATE SECRÉTARIAT D'ÉTAT TRANSLATION BUREAU BUREAU DES TRADUCTIONS MULTILINGUAL SERVICES DIVISION DES SERVICES CANADA DIVISION MULTILINGUES c7-Fe 5 z/ 7 TRANSLATED FROM - TRADUCTION DE INTO - EN Russian English AUTHOR - AUTEUR Pavlov, D.A. TITLE IN ENGLISH - TITRE ANGLAIS Comparative analysis of embryonal-larval development of the European salmons of genus Sem0. TITLE IN FOREIGN LANGUAGE (TRANSLITERATE FOREIGN CHARACTERS) TITRE EN LANGUE ÉTRANGÉRE (TRANSCRIRE EN CARACTÉRES ROMAINS) Sravnitel'nyi analiz embrional'no-lichinochnogo razvitiya evropeiskikh lososei roda Semo. REFERENCE IN FOREIGN LANGUAGE (NAME OF BOOK OR PUBLICATION) IN FULL. TRANSLITERATE FOREIGN CHARACTERS. RÉFÉRENCE EN LANGUE ÉTRANGÉRE (NOM DU LIVRE OU PUBLICATION), AU COMPLET, TRANSCRIRE EN CARACTÉRES ROMAINS. Zoologicheskii zhurnal REFERENCE IN ENGLISH - RÉFÉRENCE EN ANGLAIS Zoological Journal PUBLISHER - ÉDITEUR PAGE NUMBERS 114 ORIGINAL DATE OF PUBLICATION NUMÉROS DES PAGES DANS DATE DE PUBLICATION L'ORIGINAL 'Academy of Sciences of the USSR YEAR ISSUE NO. 674-684 VOLUME PLACE OF PUBLICATION ANNÉE NUMÉRO NUMBER OF TYPED PAGES LIEU DE PUBLICATION NOMBRE DE PAGES DACTYLOGRAPHIÉES Moscow, USSR 1979 58 5 26 REQUESTING DEPARTMENT TRANSLATION BUREAU NO. 714382 MINISTRE-CLIENT FiShPriPS and Orpans NOTRE DOSSIER N° BRANCH OR DIVISION TRANSLATOR (INITIALS) DIRECTION OU DIVISION S.I.P.B. TRADUCTEUR (INITIALES) PJH PERSON REQUESTING Mr. F.P.J. Velsen, Nanaimo, B.C. DEMANDÉ PAR Pacific Biological Station UNEDITED TRANSLATION YOUR NUMBER For information only VOTRE DOSSIER N° TRADUCTION NON REVISEE DATE OF REQUEST 9 March 1981 Information seulement DATE DE LA DEMANDE mAy MAI - 6 1981 SOS., 200-10-6 (REV. 2/68) 7030-21.028-833 3 UNEDITED TRANSLATION . Secretary Secrétariat Ile of State d'État e4 For information only TRADUCTION NON REVISEE MULTILINGUAL SERVICES DIVISION - DIVISION DES SERVICES MULTILINGlyar tiun seulement TRANSLATION BUREAU BUREAU DES TRADUCTIONS Client's No.—N° du client Department — Ministère Division/Branch — Division/Direction City — Ville ---- -- Fisheries and Oceans S.I.P.B. Ottawa Bureau No.-1\1 0 du bureau Language — Langue Translator (Initials) — Traducteur (Initiales) Nej 714382 Russian PJH - 6 1981 Source: Zoologicheskii zhurnal (Zoological Journal), Vol. 58, No. 5 (1979), pp. 674 - 684 (USSR) Comparative Analysis of Embryonal-Larval Development of the European Salmons of Genus Sate° D.A. Pavlov Problem Laboratory for Studying the Fish Productivity of Water Ecosystems, Moscow State University U.D.C. 597.553.2 SaZmo:591.33/343 Among the papers devoted to the development of salmonid fishes, there are very few comparative embryological studies. 674* At the same time, such studies can lead to a more precise under- standing of the systematic position and evolution not only of major taxonomic units but also of certain species and intraspe- cies forms. We shall attempt to demonstrate this, using as an example the Atlantic salmons of genus Scuemo, within which are grouped the Atlantic salmon S. ,eak L., the sea trout S. tkutta L., the Lake Sevan trout S. ..cichchan Kessler and several *The figures in the right-hand margin indicate page numbers of the original (Tr.). SEC 5-25T (Rev. 6/78) 2 Mediterranean and Adriatic species. On the basis of a number of characters the forms of the first species are isolated into the "4eak" group, and the sea trout, the Lake Sevan trout and the Mediterranean species similar to it - into the utitutte group (Savvaitova et al., 1973). Information on the development of the Atlantic salmon is to be found in many papers, although there are few special studies (Battle, 1944; Evropeitseva, 1960). There are data on the embry- ogenesis of the Baltic sub-species (Vernidub and Yandovskaya, 1955). The development of the sea trout has not been studied in detail. On the other hand, the development of the Lake Sevan trout has been quite fully described (Leshchinskaya, 1953). In the present article, a comparative study is made of the Caspian salmon and the Atlantic salmon (Smirnov, 1955), and also of the Ladoga salmon, the Sevan trouts and the rainbow trout (Ryzhkov, 1976). We studied developing eggs obtained during the period 1975- 1978. We collected eggs of the sea trout S. trtutta m. Zactl3t ,Li, inhabiting the lakes on Velikii Island which is in Kandalaksha Inlet of the White Sea, and of the diadromous sea trout and Atlantic salmon of the Nil l ma River (in the same region). Eggs of Atlantic salmon were also obtained from the collection points of the Umba fish hatchery and the Kola River, and eggs of the Baltic salmon - from collection points on the Daugava River. Eggs of two races of the Sevan trout (gegarkuni and the summer race) were taken at the "Lichka" fish hatchery in the Mortuninsk district of the Armenian SSR. 1 1 Valuable help in the collection and delivery of eggs was given by co-workers in the Department of Ichthyology at Moscow University V.V. Zuevskii, M.A. Bek and A.V. Borisov, the director of the Umba fish hatchery V.N. Shilov, the Head of the Production Dept., of the United Fishing Industry of Armenia E.A. Tigranyan, and the director of the "Lichke" fish hatchery M.M. Asatyan. To all these individuals I am deeply grateful. 3 Eggs of not less than 3 females of each population were studied. The study of embryogenesis was made after the transfer 675 of eggs that had already begun to develop, at the White Sea bio- logical station of Moscow University and in the Department of Ichthyology of the Faculty of Biology at Moscow University. The eggs of each form were divided into 2 - 4 series which were then incubated at various temperatures in a Kanid'ev and Grachev apparatus, in a specially manufactured device with closed water circulation, and in cuvettes in which the water was changed every day. In this way, an attempt was made to establish opti- mal conditions for each species. Development was studied in live subjects and entailed the use of a vertical chamber, which made it possible to examine the eggs from the side (Chernyaev, 1962). Numerical data were derived from measuring 20 eggs or 10 fry or larvae of each series. The diameter of the yolk was mea- sured as the half sum of the horizontal and vertical diameters of the membraneless egg being examined in the vertical chamber. For the size of the periviterine space, its width at the animal pole of the egg was taken. The relative size of the perivitel- line space was defined as the ratio of its absolute size to the diameter of the yolk. The diameter of the blastodisc was mea- sured in the 128 blastomeres stage. The stages of hatching were portrayed according to the state of the embryos at the time of mass hatching. In accordance with the theory of stage differentiation ela- borated by Vasnetsov (1953), we distinguish the following stages in the development to the fry period of salmons of genus SaZmo: I - swelling of the eggs, appearance of the perivitelline space and the formation of the blastodisc; II - cleavage; III - blas- tulation (from the beginning of flattening of the blastodisc to the occurrence of asymmetry in its structure); IV - gastrulation; V - organogenesis (from the establishment of the optic vesicles); VI - beginning of mobility of the embryo and of pulsation of the heart; VII - beginning of erythrocytic embryonic blood circula- tion; VIII - hepaticovitelline circulation and preparation for hatching (in this stage the yolk is supplied with blood only from the vena hepatica viteLeinae); Ix - endogenous feeding of the free-moving embryo; X - mixed feeding. Fig. 1. Stages in the development of the Atlantic salmon: a - emergence of 5 somites in the body (epiboly 2/3 complete, pbs - periblastic sinus); b - completion of vascularisation of the yolk, substantial reduction of the right blood vessel in the yolk (direction of the blood flow indicated by arrows); c - hatching stage; d - beginning of transition to the mixed feeding stage. Table 1. Indices of development of European salmons j),. 1.3e-mmmanelm- 5- Ïe/- ;I:mum Him nepoNo;,,,, 4Hamerp na6yxweil nwrum moaoro 4. .aomm HPefflmmum • . Li ne..m cemeirm, rire.,,,,,, i,,,,,,, Ha ememainwe nur,ffi:e, 1.1,, c:li) nrien III:PHI, MN1 npocTpancraa, -! !_1O r.ut MM I • MM COI- 14 ,11170B d6: dw 3HaambciThagtiitx BHA, cDopma IF cc • Ii• (> . 7. 'W' 0111111:1 7‘ ti„, 17 weam,mon G. 9 13 cpe,- 13 C1111111101,1 110M ■ 11 Or: OP061 ■ •'""" cPe;+" 1:•1,aminhe 111; mu ai5e. OTII. A° a n°111 3 . :Ic'.1 "" "°•le6 HoeGaminrl cpe:m. "Wle6a""" ePeAH • "Yea i men.> xe Ci. y Q ll'• 53,6 22,3--27.0 25,0 15--18 11--1 Cemra 5.2--6,3 5,8 0,84 0,16 0,25 16--22 14,5--18,4 17,2 34--36 22--24 ( q. 27,7--29,0 28,1 15--16 12-1 B.,,,neKlifi 2ococ 5,3--6,7 6,4 0,96 0,16 0,25 17--26 16,0-17,0 16,5 33--37 21-25 57,5 a.c. 57,7 21,5-25,6 23,6 13-16 10-1 1Cym ,.Ea npoxoaHaa 4,5--5,5 5,1 0,45 0,12 0,25 15--20 13,0--15,7 13,8 34--36 21-23 22,0-24,0 23,0 13-15 9--1 l■yma-ca oaepaà l 4,6--5,7 5,4 0,73 0,14 0,28 17--22 13,3--15,5 14,4 33--35 21-94 56,7 23,5 12-14 12-1 FerapKyaa IL 4,5--6,3 5,2 0,75 0,19 0,26 28--29 13,0--15,0 14,0 30-33 90-24 54,0 23,0-24.0 ,0 21.0 14-15 12 :1enudi 6axTaK2.3 3,8--5,3 4,5 0,86 0,21 0,37 ( 4--16 18,0-19,0 18,5 31--33 20--23 53,8 20,0-2 2 • riPeil.M141111K8 11AIITOSI Ha crapun HbixoAa Ha o60Homal.