’ The Grounds of Sufis Aversion of Sharia Hassan Yusofian1 Received: 2018/09/22 Accepted: 2020/12/05 Abstract Of alleged Islamic mystics, there are few who have been negligent of sha- ria and have sometimes established their aversion of sharia on reasons. In this descriptive-analytic research, I analyze such aversion, aiming to con- sider certain deviations among the Sufis and mystics from compliance with sharia. Their grounds for aversion of sharia include the following: (a) the truth is not in need of sharia, which is explicitly or implicitly indicated by some of these mystics; (b) the guardian of the saints is contrasted to the prophethood of prophets. Certain pseudo-mystics cite hadiths attributed to the Prophet to talk of the infallibility of the saints in the sense that eve- rything is permitted for them; (c) a sacred goal justifies the deployment of non-sharia means. Thus, they believe that certain mystics made love to handsome teenage boys not because of personal lusts, but because of see- ing the divine beauty in their faces, and (d) intoxication removes religious duties. This applies mostly to the so-called “the sane of the insane” whose reason is taken away from them by God and are thus set free from duties. Keywords Sharia, tariqa (path), truth, aversion of sharia, guardianship, pederasty, intoxication. 1. Associate professor, Imam Khomeini Educational and Research Institute, Qom, Iran: hasanuso- [email protected]. ’ * Yusofian, H. (1400). The Grounds of Sufis Aversion of Sharia. Jornal of Naqd va Nazar (Philoso- phy and Theology), 26(101), pp. 122-154. Doi: 10.22081/jpt.2020.52133.1526 ƽɎƦǁƋɋƀɍžțŦ ƜɍžƇͤƺŞŢƶ ¯L¾y´½°zg ˨ ˨ʴʶʼʼ ʳʼ ʴʸ˨ʲġĚŰĘÏ˨ĒŰęʭă˨ ˨˨ ˨ʴʶʼʺ ʳʹ ʶʴ˨ʲĂĿʭŰęĕ˨ĒŰęʭă µn¾¢c °/½KµL/¥³n/±Kµm´OL/²XKÈ OV½r/}¶/O¶/¡V/L½¯K´/WÈ ­KqȱL/z¡È­Æ/yK¯L/r¯L¾n­¯L¾­qm LO³Èª¾ªhW Ⱦ´W{³qLO¶¡¾hW°½Kqm n±K¶ XkLyqK´XyKt¾±×K¶ ©mK³È±LP­rOKq×t½r¥V ½r} ,V/yK¶Xr¥Uq´V½r}sK׳r¾Sqm¯Lr³´W¨·K¯L¾­qmL· Krh±KÈkrOÈyqrOn· ©Kn±sL½È ­Vym×t½r¥V ½r}¶Or½sȱLP­LOL¸±? ¬½K¶ XkKmrSµ³r¥°½K§K´gK³¯L²ly¨¾ªhW¶O y ¯L/¦XL½V ¾g¶/¡n/²±L½L®±È ­°¾/²cf½r/W¶ /OL½µqL}KLOL¸±? VyKV½r}sKµn²²¡s L¾±È O,V¾g L § O ¾ z ¶/OmL²X/yKL/O¯L/½L®± qLsKÈ/krO VyL¾P±KU´P±rOKrOqmL¾©³KV½Å³M-n±´}È ­V½r}sKsL¾±È O V ³ } Èn·]-n²½´¥È ­°ly¯L±?×KrOq´­KÌ®·ÌgLOK×L²­¶OL¾©³KV®sK,rP­L¾S¶OM´z²­È\½mLgK ~ ¬ , } ® L L/Oj½L/~­×sLO ~,L²P­°½KwLyKrOL¸±? VyKÈr}r¾×L·q KtOKsK×r¾¥µr¸OËn²²¡¶ ¾_´W,wn­ q µ K ³ § ¯L/±?Ër/¸cqmÈ/¸©K§L/®_V/½Cq¨/¾©m¶/O¶/¢ªO,ȱL/z±U´¸/}׳qsK¶/±Kq׳qL/P½s¯L/±K´_´± S ¾ L S È «´/y´­È±L/z¡¯L¾­qm¶®·sK|¾OL²P­°½K VyK¾ª¢WsK]³rk¨­L,ÈXz­³r¢ymn±K¶ X}Kn²S , O ¸ L q VyK¶XkLy¯L}mKs?³µn±LXysLO¯L±?sKKq¨n±³Knk¶¡n²¡È ­µ´ª_°¾±L`®©K>ƶO L·µuK³n¾ª¡ r¢y,×sLOn·L},V½Å³,×t½r¥V ½r},V¾g,V½r,V ½r} [email protected] ¯Kr½K,¬, Ȳ¾®k«L­KÈ~·³vS³È}s´­?¶zyD­qL¾~±Km ,ǒǖ,ƅƟǁLJƁƨƨƲǁÈ//~·³vSĬÈ//®ª¶­L²ª// ¶¾´//×t½r¥V ½r//}ȱL//P­ °//zg,¯L¾//y´½* Doi: 10.22081/jpt.2020.52133.1526 ¶­n­ sK×qL¾/zO¶¡VyK¶²½r½m×K¶ ²¾~¾SLO³°­KmsKqmȱL®X¥,¯Lr³°½mÌOKqsK°ly µn/±L®±¯L/­Kqmt/¾±L·È /~½n±K^ ¡³L/· Krh±KÈ/krO³¶X}KmK³¨­6 BW¶OKq¯Kn²®~½n±K KqȲLOUL¢ª­³§K´gK³µn½sq³n¾¡BW×r·LMKm?rO,V±L½m¨·KsKÈ·³r¥VyK r/O³¶X/z±Kn±ªkV­nkt_KqUmLP,V½´²­¯L¥n²½´_sKÈkrO³n±K¶ Xr¥µn½mL± ¶/¡È±Lz¡n±Kµm´P±¬¡,¯L¾­°½Kqm n±KµmsLSV~S,n½L®±È ­×r~³×r·L¶d±?r· n±K¶XL½qL¥sLyȱL®y?¨¾K°½mLOKqȾg¯Lr³µn±L~±¬·qL²¡Kq°LO³r·L ´ª/y³r¾/y¶/¡¬½q´/kÈ ­r/OȱL®ª/z­¯L/qL¶/O«Æ/yK¯L/¸_qm,wL/yK°½KrO µKq,µL/±Lk³¶rk¶OȦXzOK³¯³nO³¶XkLyqK´XyKV6²y³MLX¡Ì½LSrOKq¯L}× ´²­ ¶/¡n/±m´OȱL/¸¾¯L/±?sK×qL¾zO¶¡/ µ³r¥°½K n±K¶ Xr¥|¾SqmKqV L½q³n·s °¾/~±¬ ·Kqm´¸/}³/~¡³¨//n/±n¾OLWÈ ®±rOKqȸ«Krg³§Æg¶OȽL²XKÈ O r/qm n/²XkK´±È ®±×K¶ /®±V½r/}M´cqL/cqmt/_³n²XkL/yÈ ­È/g³ÌXz½L} Ur/g,È­Æ/yK×q´¸®_qKp¥¯ L¾²Om´_³qmKqML±¯Lr°½Kq´ªPW¯L¦®·,r Lg ­ P L ± È qL/°/½K n/±K¶ XL½qL/¥t¾·rSȸ¾³qKn­V ½r}ÈqLKq³K³µn½m Ȳ¾®k«L­K } r ½ V ¥ sKsL/¾±È OKq¯L/¦XL½V ¾g¶/¡È·L/±Lk¯L¾´/sKÈ/krOÆ/kr/O,È/¸©K£qt/O r ½ t × ³V/½r¶/O,V½r/}µKqsKt/_¶/¡mqL/~È ­×L/S¶/X¢±°/½Kr/O,n±qL®}È ­UmLP ´ ¾ ¶ V/z¾±|¾/OÈ­L/k§L/¾k,×r·L/§L/®KsK×sL/¾±È O³V/L½¯K´WÈ ®±VymÈX¾g ,,Ȳ¾®k×´y´­ n/±´¾S´/6 W«L±LO³¶XL½n}q«ÆyK¯L¸_qm¶¡È±LrVyKqK³Kty,§Lgr·¶O ȱL/¾g³°5 /½mL/O¯?×qL¥sL/y¯Kt/¾­³m´/}ÈyqrO¯´¥L±´¥×L½K³ssK,VyKµmq´k ,È/²¾O¯ L/¸_,È/yL²}V r­¯´/cȽL/·³r®ªqm¯K´/WÈ ­KqÈ/yqrO°½K mmr¥°}³q °/½KÌ/®·¯K´/WÈ ®±,V/yKn¾S¶/¡¯L/²c³mKm«L/`±KÈL/®X_K«´yq³MKm?³ÆkK ³¬½sL/yÈ ­µLW´¡Kq°ly̲­Km³q° ½Ks K-n±L`²¥µLW´¡×qLX}´±qmKqµmrXz¥ZgLP­ Èh¾/ ´W,V/zl±«L/¥qm ¬½sKmr/SÈ ­´/WNX¢­qm×t½r¥V ½r}ȱLP­¶OL¸²W n½?È ­r±¶O«sÅ×t½r¥V ½r}ȱLP­sKm´­ËqLOqmµLW´¡ ׳r¾SV½r}×L·¯ L­rsKUn6 }¶ O¶¡VL½¯K´WÈ ­KqȱLz¡¬·¯L¾´¯L¾­qm ³È/}´S¶ rk¶/¡È±L/z¡,¬/·³n/±³qÈ ­|¾/St/¾±Kr/Kn/gLWÈXgµL¥³n²²¡È ­ ¶¡×K¶ ±´¥¶O-n±K¶ XkLyȱLz±§L¾­K³L·¶ XyK´k¶O¯n¾yq×KrO×K¶ ±L¸OKqȲ¾~±µL±Lk mr¾¥È ­¬~k¯L±?rO°¾²c° ½K×L´X­×sKr¾}Lg /ª{ ´k¯K´¾g3 ¯?mLOsKqm|­m4 qLS mq´/kÈ ­¶¸P/}Ì®©¯´c¶¡°¾Or¸}È´ ËqLOqm³¶X}KmÈXymt¾±È®yq«´ªqm´WNX¢­¯Kr±N gLsK×qL¾zO¶XP©K ¯?¶±qLX}´±°½KqmL­n· n±K¶ XkKmrSZhO¶OL®y¯´d®·ÈªILz­V­rg³V¾ªg mqK´/­qm¶/¢²½K¶±³,¬¾`²zOKqV½r}«L¢gK¶O¯L¾´Èª®×n²P½LS¯Kt¾­¶¡VyK ,m´/­¶/¢ªO-¬¾²¾/~²O×q³Km¶/O,V½r/}«L¢gKsKÈ®¢gqm¯L¸¾LO¯L±?ÆXkK ¶/¡È/z¡È/ª®Ë´¾}§L\­×KrO-VyK´6 WNX¢­qm×t½r¥V ½r}ȱLP­ÈyqrO L/½³n/·mÈ ­¯L/~±{´k׳q¯?¯mKm« L`±K¶OÈ©³,n±KmÈ ­«KrgKqÈO´¢½LS³q °/½Kqm,n²¡È ­¶­LK|X¾ªgrOȪ½Åm³mqL®}È ­§ÆgKq¯?¶¡Èz¡È®ªµL¥n½m Èr}V­rg¶¢²½Km´_³LO¶¡VyKȱLz¡LO°ly׳q¶¢ªO-m´}È ®±ÈyqrO¶X}´± y L § O ×r¾¥qL/¡¶ /OL/O³n/²½´_È ­L/¸±?V/¾ªg×Kr/Ot/¾±È/·Kq,n/±r½pSÈ ­KqÈ©L/®K°¾²c ¾ z V ³ V½r/}«L/¢gKsKqKr/×Kr/OÈ·L/¥t½r¥,V/¾g³V/½r¯´/d®·È½L·e Æ/K } ~ ¬ , ¯Kq³?« L/¾Sr/Oµn/}§ sL±È/g³sKr/WrO,V/½rj¾/}«L/¸©K³/~¡L/½´¥ n/²PªÈ ­ } ® L q µ K ³ VyKV½r} § S ¾ L S È , V½r}sKµn²²¡sL¾±È O,V¾g O ¸ L q ³µmL/¸±r/V/¾g³V/½r,V½r}ËuK³¶y¯L¾­¯Lr³´W¨·KsK×qL¾zO 6 µuK³¶/y°/½KɒLjǂƣƽɒLjǂųƽqm¶±´®±×KrO-n±KµmKmVym¶OL¸±?sKȱ´¥L±´¥×L·r ¾zW µqL/O°½Kqm ×´©´­ n±K¶ X~¥n²±L®·n­¶O¯n¾yq³¨®,¬ªLON¾WrW¶O ¬/ª°Xk´­?¯´d®·KqV½r},L¸±?sKÈ¢½qm³mr¾¥È ­µr¸Oȱ´¥L±´¥×L·§ L\­sK n/²¡È ­¯L/z®·¯n¾©L­L¾®¾¡¶OKqx­5 ³µ´¾}°½KmrOqL¡LOKqV½r³n±KmÈ ­L¾®¾¡ ¶cLP½m,¬`²SrXm,,×´©´­VyKƶO¯n}¨ ½nPW¯´d®·V¾g,׳r±qm r/O,µmr®/}V/¾K³ /½È©´/N/WKr­L/½¯´¥L±´¥×L·« L±Kqr¾PW¶y°½KÈkrO -,],L/WÈ O,×sKr¾/}- /,,È/ª­¿K ±n±sq³È ­n¾¡BWL¸±?×r½pSL±È ½Kn_ ³V½r/}sK«Kn/¡r·/n±K¯ ?qKnrµsK³?rS¯L¾´sK×qL¾zO¶¡/r¦½mµL¥n½mL­K ¶/O×sL/¾±,V/¾g«L/O¶O¯n¾yqsKxS¶¡×K¶ ±´¥¶ O-n±KmÈ ®±|¾OȱLOmr±KqV½r °¾/~¾S§L/\­§L/P±m¶/O×´/©´­,wL/yK°¾/®·rO n±L­È ®±ÈLOV½r³V½r}¯LOmr± ¶/O¯L¥n/²²¡¨ ®³¬¾±KmÈ /­°/½K¬/ªL/­¶¡n±mL}L¾®¾¡¬ª¶O¯L±KmL¾®¾¡n½KtKÈ ­ L/­¶/¡n±mL/}V¾g¶O¯L¦XL½V ¾g³¬¾²¡È ­L·qL¡°¾²cL­¶¡n±mL}L¾®¾¡¨® ¶/cLP½m,¬`²/Sr/Xm,,×´/©´­¬½KÉ6ÞK>LX-¬½n}mKs?L¾®¾¡¨®³¬ªsK³¬½n}qs n/²±L®·L/·³qKmsKµmLX/yK¶/OV/½r³N/¬/ª°5 X/z±Km¶/OV½r},r¦½mÈ©L\­qm °X/zOqL/¡¶/O³°X/z±KmsKKqÈ/­m?¶/¡VyK°XL½L}¯´d®·V¾gL­K-mmr¥È ­ n/±sÈ /­n/¾½BWr/¸­q´¸~­Ìª®_°½KrO,L·§ L\­°½KsKµmLXyKLO×´©´­ msLyÈ ­sL¾±È O °/½KsK×´/©´­m´/­ ¶/cLP½m,¬`²/SrXm,,×´©´­½Kr~©KV5 ªO4 ILh©KU5 r¸´© L/O³¶/XL¾±¯?¨½³BW×KrOÈ·Kqt¾±×´²\­¯LgqL}sKÈ¢½¶¡VyK°}³q¯L²c¯L²ly ­ P L ± È VyK¶ X}´±°¾²c¶±L²­×n± } r ½ V Ì/²½?sKKq×mr/¥°½rW /c´¡³¬½qKmÈ /­rOȸ©Kq´XymOL­¶¡È­nr· ¥ r ½ t × °/½K¯L/½LS ¬½´}È ­qKmq´krOª­V¾gsKµsKn±K¯L®·¶O,¬¾½KmsÈ ­§m ´ ¾ ¶ V/½L¸±sK,¯mr/¡ rÈ©´/®­V/¡rg³È/¾Pr¾/yn/²±L­Kq´ªy³r¾y µsKn//±K¯?,V//½L¸±È Oqm//y³³sL//?³¯L//½LSq´//WKr//½s-V//yK×r//PkÈ O °½n//©K§ Æ_¶/¡N//ª­°/½KKp//© L/²Wqm°Xq³r//¶/¡V//yKwL/yKÈ O 5 5 rX/~¾OL/­È/±K³q³È²·o×r¦½sLO¶O½Kr~©KVª3O½Lh©KUr¸3 ´3©n½´¥È ­ ,],,×r_L­ÈOL½ K³¶OLWVyK´Or­ ¶/Om³q³n/²cr ·t/¾±,×´/©´­mKr/­³mLX/yK,m³n/g×L´X­×t½rPWx®} ¶/¢²½Kn/½´¥È ­¯?È5 /Sqm,mqL®/}È ­È±n/}L±V½r/}µL¥qmsKt_KqÈO´OqµL¥qLO ¯L/6 Lk¯?L/­K-n/}LOqm¯³r/¾O³K¶/¡n/}LOKqÈ/z¡°/½K,n/½?qmqmsK¶¡n½LOnOÅ ,],,×t///½rPWn²///}LO¯³qn///±Kqm¯L///~½K,n±KµL///}mLSV­n///k¶///O¶///¡ ,µmr/Oµr/¸OµL}mLSV­nkqmq´g§L\­sKt¾±×´©´­n±sr n©³¯Lªy n½´¥È ­,n±r¾¥È ­µmrkt½r¥V ½r}¯L~½³qmsK¶¡È±Lz¡¶OMLk n/²¡È ­µL}mLS§L®_Ì©L­,¶Xz~±³Kq´gqm³VyKµn¾yqµL}mLS¶OÈ¢½ ¯´/c³Vz¾±µKqqmKr½s-n½´_È ®±KqµL}mLS°½K¶¡È½´¥È ­³×Kµn­?´W ¶/XL½KqµL/}mLS¶/¡V/yKµn/½rO³KµKqm7 ´/k¶¡È ©Lgq m mrOÈ ®±KqL·§ t²­L­ µL/}mLS¶/O¶/¡n½L/},È·Kqqm¶¡´W µn¾yqm´­¶O³¶`¾X±¶OxS VyK ,,n©³¯LªyÈyr± ×Kr//O¯?m´//_³¶//¡n±K¶ X//z±Km«KmL//OV//y´S¯´//d®·KqV½r//},r//¦½mÈ//krO ¶/±,n¾/yqm´kȽL¸±n}q¶Ot­¶¢±?sKxSL­K-VyK×q³r ³«sÅt­¯n}µn¾yq °/¢®­V/y´S¯n²¢KqL²¡µKqsKt_t­¶OÈOL¾Xym¶¢ªO-n±L­È ®±Vy´S¶O×sL¾±L¸²W °¾/²cµqL/O°/½KqmƆŤƄǀƨƏƺȢÌ/­´²­qm ×rX/zP}m´/®h­j¾} Vz¾± n½KryÈ ­ y L «L//k¶//¥È//}KrlOV//y´SsK{r//¥ «KmL////Ot////­r////yKrymmr////¥¶////PW § O ¾ z V V//y´SÈ//²¡rO×q?r//O{t//­r//¥K V/y´¢¾±V/y´SÈ On/}¶XlS¯´cÈ©³ ³ } ~ ¬ V/////½rn/////}LO¯?³°/////½K¯L/////¾­ V//¾gn//­?t//­,V//y´SV½r//} , } ® L q µ V/yKt/±Vy´SÈ On}¶XlS{t­´c V//yKt//­//± ©L//yµKqqm¨//ªk K ³ § S ¾ L V//z¢~OV//y´S³t//­V//~¥µn¾//yq V//y´¾S|½´//k°¾//½L//OqL//´//c S È ,,×rXzP} , O ¸ L q n/½´¥È ­VgKr/¶ /O,¶/XkKmrSUL/¾OK°/½Ker/}¶/O¨¾W¶ OÈ`¾·Ån®h­j¾} {´/±§Æ/`©K³o§L/®_Ën·L/~­«L/_sK¶/¡È/¾gn¾g´WËmLOsK¨K³ ©Ly¯´c ³Kr/OÈX/z­§L/gqm¶/®·L/®_K¶O¶¾r}¾©L¢W¬ª³,mmr¥¨½Å³Vz­,µmr¡ t¾±ƆŤƄǀƏƺȢ¯LgqL}r¦½m ,LWÈ O,È`¾·Åm´®±n½L~±¯L~½KqL¢±KKp¸ª Vz¾± /±,¶/±´®±×KrOn±K¶ XkKmrS¯KnO¶OL~­|¾O³¬ ¡È½L·U qLPqm,µmr¡×³r¾SÈ`¾·ÅsK ,,Ȫ¾OmqKȸ©K ¯Kr/¾S×Kr/OV½r/}¯mL/¸±K³n/²cr ·,´W¨·K¯L¥qtOsKÈkrOµL¥n½msK¶XP©K ×Kn/kÈ¥n/²O³n/²±L®OV½r}n²O× LSn²±K´WÈ ­¶¡L`±?LWVyKrX¸O,VyKK³qV½r ×t½r¥V ½r/},wL/yK°/½Kr/O ML/O, /,],,ÈOr° OKn±q?L_¶ OKq n/±mr¥È ®±ÈX¾/­mr/5¥¶/O¶/¡n/±K¯ L±?¨/­L¡¯Kmr­³VyKȦXlSL±³ ¯L~± ,È´/¯Kt½r¥V ½r/}¶/¡n/yqÈ ­r±¶O°¾²ct¾±¨®qm ,],,×srkLO rWKqV½r}µqLP¢½,n±´}È ­µn±K´k°¾±L`®©K>ÆL®±¶ ±K´½m¯ÆL¶¡¯L±?t_ n±n½n²zSÈ ®±t¾±Kq¯?¶On¾Wn²cr ·-n²X¥È ®± Kq´ª/y³r¾/y°½sL/?¨/gKr­¶/¡È/±K³r·q,¯L¾´µL¥n½msK,r¦½m×´ysK ³r/V½r/}«L/¢gKsKȽ´/­r/yn½LO,n±K¶ X}Kp¦±V¾g×mK³qm«n³n²±Kqp¥È ­ qmn/}LOL·t¾c,,°zª¢¾±nª²½q ±n±qKn²T±L¸±?sKsL¾±È OKqm´k³n±qKp¦± ,n/¸±L/`±?«n/µn¾yqL±«L­°½nO¶¡r·³ n½L®²±VyKqV½r}r·LLO¶¡V½r ,,×q´OL~¾±qLn²¡r}¯L­r¶On²¡¶cr ·r¦­,m´OÈgLP­³½n±s m´//}¬//¥¯L//OL¾Oqm«m3 r//·¶//O´//¡ m´/////OKq³r////·qµKq¨////¾©m°////½K ­ P L ± È Kr////n////}LO¯L////}µKq¨////¾©msK Kr/c³¬/~ct/_V/z¾±Kq¯ÆK³ } r ½ V UL¾OK,,×´©´­ ¥