Suisun Marsh Habitat Management, Preservation, and Restoration Plan Final Environmental Impact Statement/ Environmental Impact Report Volume Ia: Main Report, Executive Summary and Chapters 1–5 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service California Department of Fish Bureau of Reclamation and Game November 2011 Mission Statements The mission of the Department of the Interior is to protect and provide access to our Nation’s natural and cultural heritage and honor our trust responsibilities to Indian Tribes and our commitments to island communities. The mission of the Bureau of Reclamation is to manage, develop, and protect water and related resources in an environmentally and economically sound manner in the interest of the American public. The Mission of the Department of Fish and Game is to manage California’s diverse fish, wildlife, and plant resources, and the habitats upon which they depend, for their ecological values and for their use and enjoyment by the public. Suisun Marsh Habitat Management, Preservation, and Restoration Plan Final Environmental Impact Statement/ Environmental Impact Report Volume Ia: Main Report, Executive Summary and Chapters 1–5 United States Department of the Interior Bureau of Reclamation Mid-Pacific Region 2800 Cottage Way, MP-700 Sacramento, CA 95825 Contact: Rebecca Victorine U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 2800 Cottage Way, Room W-2605 Sacramento, CA 95825 Contact: Cay Goude California Department of Fish and Game 4001 North Wilson Way Stockton, CA 95205 Contact: James Starr With assistance from: ICF International 630 K Street, Suite 400 Sacramento, CA 95814 Contact: Jennifer Pierre 916/737-3000 November 2011 Contents Volume I Suisun Marsh Habitat Management, Preservation, and Restoration Plan Environmental Impact Statement/ Environmental Impact Report Page Executive Summary .................................................................................................. ES-1 Chapter 1 Introduction, Purpose, and Need ........................................................ 1-1 Introduction ............................................................................................. 1-1 Scope and Intent of This Environmental Impact Statement/Environmental Impact Report ................................................ 1-4 NEPA Cooperating Agencies .................................................................. 1-6 CEQA Responsible and Trustee Agencies ............................................. 1-6 Need for Action ....................................................................................... 1-7 Plan Purposes/Objectives....................................................................... 1-9 Suisun Marsh Regions.......................................................................... 1-10 Plan Background .................................................................................. 1-11 Scoping and Issues of Known Controversy .......................................... 1-28 Organization of This Document ............................................................ 1-32 Chapter 2 Habitat Management, Preservation, and Restoration Plan ............... 2-1 Introduction ............................................................................................. 2-1 Overview of Plan Elements ..................................................................... 2-1 California Environmental Quality Act/ National Environmental Policy Act Requirements ................................................. 2-2 Alternatives Development Process ......................................................... 2-3 Review of Project Alternatives ................................................................ 2-7 No Action Alternative .............................................................................. 2-8 Proposed Project and Alternatives ....................................................... 2-11 Suisun Marsh Plan Implementation Strategy ........................................ 2-43 Plan Response to Predicted Sea Level Rise ........................................ 2-46 Environmental Commitments ................................................................ 2-48 Chapter 3 Guide to Impact Analysis ..................................................................... 3-1 Guide to Impact Analysis ........................................................................ 3-1 Impact Analysis Organization ................................................................. 3-1 Chapter 4 Summary of Environmental Consequences ...................................... 4-1 Introduction ............................................................................................. 4-1 Impacts ................................................................................................... 4-1 Summary of Each Alternative’s Ability to Meet the Plan Objectives ....... 4-2 Suisun Marsh Habitat Management, November 2011 Preservation, and Restoration Plan i Final EIS/EIR ICF 06888.06 Chapter 5 Physical Environment .......................................................................... 5-1 Section 5.1 Water Supply, Hydrology, and Delta Water Management ............. 5.1-1 Introduction .......................................................................................... 5.1-1 Summary of Impacts ............................................................................ 5.1-2 Affected Environment .......................................................................... 5.1-2 Environmental Consequences ........................................................... 5.1-22 Section 5.2 Water Quality...................................................................................... 5.2-1 Introduction .......................................................................................... 5.2-1 Summary of Impacts ............................................................................ 5.2-2 Affected Environment .......................................................................... 5.2-3 Environmental Consequences ........................................................... 5.2-17 Section 5.3 Geology and Groundwater ................................................................ 5.3-1 Introduction .......................................................................................... 5.3-1 Summary of Impacts ............................................................................ 5.3-1 Affected Environment .......................................................................... 5.3-2 Existing Conditions .............................................................................. 5.3-3 Environmental Consequences ........................................................... 5.3-16 Section 5.4 Flood Control and Levee Stability .................................................... 5.4-1 Introduction .......................................................................................... 5.4-1 Summary of Impacts ............................................................................ 5.4-1 Affected Environment .......................................................................... 5.4-2 Regulatory Setting ............................................................................... 5.4-4 Environmental Consequences ............................................................. 5.4-5 Section 5.5 Sediment Transport ........................................................................... 5.5-1 Introduction .......................................................................................... 5.5-1 Summary of Impacts ............................................................................ 5.5-1 Affected Environment .......................................................................... 5.5-2 Environmental Consequences ............................................................. 5.5-4 Section 5.6 Transportation and Navigation ......................................................... 5.6-1 Introduction .......................................................................................... 5.6-1 Summary of Impacts ............................................................................ 5.6-1 Affected Environment .......................................................................... 5.6-3 Sources of Information ......................................................................... 5.6-5 Environmental Consequences ............................................................. 5.6-7 Section 5.7 Air Quality........................................................................................... 5.7-1 Introduction .......................................................................................... 5.7-1 Summary of Impacts ............................................................................ 5.7-1 Affected Environment .......................................................................... 5.7-2 Environmental Consequences ........................................................... 5.7-16 Suisun Marsh Habitat Management, November 2011 Preservation, and Restoration Plan ii Final EIS/EIR ICF 06888.06 Section 5.8 Noise ................................................................................................... 5.8-1 Introduction .......................................................................................... 5.8-1 Summary of Impacts ............................................................................ 5.8-1 Affected Environment .......................................................................... 5.8-2 Environmental