EPILEPSY 2017 FROM BENCH TO BEDSIDE 23–24 SEPTEMBER 2017 EACHING WEEKEND, WEEKEND, EACHING A PRACTICAL GUIDE TO EPILEPSY ILAE SPR T Edited by XVI F.J. Rugg-Gunn and H.B. Stapley International League Against Epilepsy EPILEPSY 2017 From Bench to Bedside A Practical Guide to Epilepsy Lecture Notes Sixteenth Epilepsy Teaching Weekend 23–24 September 2017 University of Oxford Mathematical Institute Edited by F.J. Rugg-Gunn and H.B. Stapley PREVIOUS PREVIOUS NEXT NEXT < SECTION < CHAPTER CONTENTS CHAPTER> SECTION> LECTURE NOTES for the Contents Sixteenth Epilepsy Teaching Weekend 23−24 September 2017 University of Oxford Mathematical Institute Preface F.J. RUGG-GUNN .................................................................................................................................... vi Introduction F.J. RUGG-GUNN ................................................................................................................................... vii Sixteenth Edition (2017) Edited by F.J. Rugg-Gunn and H.B. Stapley Section One – Introduction 1 The incidence and prevalence of epilepsy A. NELIGAN and J.W. SANDER ....................................................................................................3 2 Classification and terminology to organise seizures and epilepsy T. WEHNER ...................................................................................................................................11 Section Two – Basic science 3 Basic mechanisms of epilepsy J.G.R. JEFFERYS ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������21 4 Neuropathology of epilepsy M. THOM .......................................................................................................................................27 5 Genetics of the epilepsies S. BALESTRINI and S.M SISODIYA ..........................................................................................67 Section Three – The spectrum of epilepsy There is no copyright for these lecture notes but when downloading and printing chapters the source should 6 Neonatal seizures be acknowledged. R.M. PRESSLER ............................................................................................................................81 7 Severe paediatric epilepsy syndromes The views expressed in these lecture notes are those of the individual speakers named, and are not necessarily C.D. FERRIE ..................................................................................................................................93 shared by the International League Against Epilepsy or the sponsors, UCB Pharma, Eisai, LivaNova and Bial. 8 Febrile convulsions – a practical guide C.M. VERITY ...............................................................................................................................105 Published by: 9 Benign childhood seizure susceptibility syndromes International League Against Epilepsy (British Chapter). M. KOUTROUMANIDIS and C.P. PANAYIOTOPOULOS .......................................................119 Produced and designed by: Activate Event Management, 9 Gleneagles Court, Brighton Road, Crawley, West Sussex, RH10 6AD. i PREVIOUS PREVIOUS NEXT NEXT PREVIOUS PREVIOUS NEXT NEXT < SECTION < CHAPTER CONTENTS CHAPTER> SECTION> < SECTION < CHAPTER CONTENTS CHAPTER> SECTION> 10 The significance of the syndromic diagnosis of the epilepsies 23 Investigation of seizures in infants C.P. PANAYIOTOPOULOS and M. KOUTROUMANIDIS .......................................................143 R.E. APPLETON and A. McLELLAN .........................................................................................277 11 Idiopathic generalised epilepsies 24 Investigation of progressive neurological impairment in children with epilepsy M. KOUTROUMANIDIS ............................................................................................................149 J.H. CROSS and A. McLELLAN .................................................................................................287 12 Adult onset epilepsies F.J. RUGG-GUNN ........................................................................................................................169 Section Six – Medical treatment of epilepsy 13 Temporal lobe epilepsy 25 Mechanisms of action of antiepileptic drugs B. DIEHL and J.S. DUNCAN ......................................................................................................179 G.J. SILLS ....................................................................................................................................295 14 Frontal lobe epilepsy 26 Starting antiepileptic drug treatment B. DIEHL, S.M. SISODIYA and M. MANFORD .......................................................................183 K. HAMANDI .............................................................................................................................305 15 Occipital and parietal lobe epilepsies 27 Managing refractory epilepsy J.S. DUNCAN ..............................................................................................................................189 R. MOHANRAJ ..........................................................................................................................313 16 Psychiatric disorders in epilepsy 28 Overview of established antiepileptic drugs J. FOONG .....................................................................................................................................193 J.W. SANDER ..............................................................................................................................319 29 New antiepileptic drugs Section Four – Differential diagnosis J.W. SANDER and R. MOHANRAJ ............................................................................................337 17 Non-epileptic paroxysmal neurological and cardiac events: 30 Drug treatment of paediatric epilepsy the differential diagnosis of epilepsy R.E. APPLETON and J.H. CROSS ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������345 F.J. RUGG-GUNN ........................................................................................................................199 31 Pharmacokinetic interactions between antiepileptic drugs 18 Epilepsy and sleep P.N. PATSALOS ...........................................................................................................................359 S.H. ERIKSSON ...........................................................................................................................213 32 Stopping antiepileptic drug treatment 19 Diagnosis and management of dissociative seizures K. HAMANDI ..............................................................................................................................363 J.D.C. MELLERS .........................................................................................................................223 33 Treatment of tonic-clonic status epilepticus M.C. WALKER ............................................................................................................................365 Section Five – Investigations 34 Treatment of non-convulsive status epilepticus 20 Neurophysiological investigation of epilepsy M.C. WALKER ............................................................................................................................373 S.J.M. SMITH,R.P. KENNETT and T.N. MITCHELL ................................................................239 35 Non-pharmacological treatments for epilepsy: the case for and against complementary 21 Neuroimaging of the epilepsies and alternative medicines F.J. RUGG-GUNN ........................................................................................................................249 S.A. BAXENDALE ......................................................................................................................379 22 Neuropsychology – testing the brain S.A. BAXENDALE ......................................................................................................................271 ii iii PREVIOUS PREVIOUS NEXT NEXT PREVIOUS PREVIOUS NEXT NEXT < SECTION < CHAPTER CONTENTS CHAPTER> SECTION> < SECTION < CHAPTER CONTENTS CHAPTER> SECTION> Section Seven – Outcome 49 Vagus nerve stimulation A. SEN, R. SELWAY and L. NASHEF ........................................................................................523 36 The prognosis of epilepsy A. NELIGAN and J.W. SANDER ................................................................................................389 50 Outcome of surgery M.C. WALKER ............................................................................................................................531 37 The mortality of epilepsy A. NELIGAN and G.S. BELL ......................................................................................................397 Section Ten – Social aspects 38 Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy F.J. RUGG-GUNN ........................................................................................................................405 51 The patient’s viewpoint S. USISKIN ..................................................................................................................................537 39 Psychosocial outcome P.J. THOMPSON and B. CRANE ................................................................................................421 52 Epilepsy clinic counselling S. USISKIN ..................................................................................................................................541