Parallels Virtuozzo Containers 4.7 for Linux User's Guide Copyright © 1999-2012 Parallels IP Holdings GmbH and its affiliates. All rights reserved. Parallels IP Holdings GmbH. c/o Parallels International GmbH. Parallels International GmbH Vordergasse 49 CH8200 Schaffhausen Switzerland Tel: + 41 526320 411 Fax: + 41 52672 2010 www.parallels.com Copyright © 1999-2012 Parallels IP Holdings GmbH and its affiliates. All rights reserved. This product is protected by United States and international copyright laws. The product’s underlying technology, patents, and trademarks are listed at http://www.parallels.com/trademarks. Microsoft, Windows, Windows Server, Windows NT, Windows Vista, and MS-DOS are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. Apple, Mac, the Mac logo, Mac OS, iPad, iPhone, iPod touch, FaceTime HD camera and iSight are trademarks of Apple Inc., registered in the US and other countries. Linux is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds. All other marks and names mentioned herein may be trademarks of their respective owners. Contents Introduction ............................................................................................................. 11 About This Guide .......................................................................................................... 11 Organization of This Guide .................................................................................................... 12 Documentation Conventions ................................................................................................. 13 Getting Help .................................................................................................................. 14 Feedback ...................................................................................................................... 14 Parallels Virtuozzo Containers Philosophy ............................................................. 15 About Parallels Virtuozzo Containers Software ............................................................... 15 What is Parallels Virtuozzo Containers ................................................................................... 16 What is Container .................................................................................................................. 17 Parallels Virtuozzo Containers Applications ............................................................................ 18 Distinctive Features of Parallels Virtuozzo Containers ...................................................... 19 OS Virtualization .................................................................................................................... 19 Using Virtuozzo File System ................................................................................................... 20 Templates ............................................................................................................................. 20 Resource Management ......................................................................................................... 21 Main Principles of Parallels Virtuozzo Containers Operation ............................................ 21 Basics of Parallels Virtuozzo Containers Technology ............................................................. 22 Parallels Virtuozzo Containers Configuration .......................................................................... 24 Parallels Virtual Automation Overview .................................................................................... 25 Parallels Power Panel Overview ............................................................................................. 26 Parallels Management Console Overview .............................................................................. 27 Hardware Node Availability Considerations .................................................................... 28 Operations on Containers ....................................................................................... 29 Creating Containers ...................................................................................................... 29 Before You Begin .................................................................................................................. 30 Choosing a Container ID ....................................................................................................... 31 Choosing an OS EZ Template ............................................................................................... 32 List of Supported Linux Distributions for Containers .............................................................. 33 Creating a Container ............................................................................................................. 34 Contents Configuring Containers .................................................................................................. 35 Setting Startup Parameters ................................................................................................... 35 Setting Network Parameters .................................................................................................. 36 Setting the root Password for Containers .............................................................................. 37 Starting, Stopping, Restarting, and Querying the Status of Containers ............................ 38 Listing Containers ......................................................................................................... 40 Setting Names for Containers ........................................................................................ 43 Storing Extended Information on Containers .................................................................. 45 Migrating Containers ..................................................................................................... 46 Standard Migration ................................................................................................................ 47 Zero-Downtime Migration ...................................................................................................... 50 Migrating Containers Based on Standard Templates ............................................................. 53 Configuring Non-Root Access for Migrating Containers ......................................................... 54 Moving Containers Within the Hardware Node ............................................................... 55 Copying Containers Within the Hardware Node.............................................................. 58 Backing Up and Restoring Containers ........................................................................... 61 Using vzabackup/vzarestore Utilities ...................................................................................... 62 Restoring Containers Based on Standard Templates ............................................................ 64 Managing Backups in Parallels Management Console ........................................................... 65 Reinstalling Containers ................................................................................................ 104 Customizing Container Reinstallation ................................................................................... 106 Deleting Containers ..................................................................................................... 108 Disabling Containers ................................................................................................... 110 Suspending Containers ............................................................................................... 112 Running Commands in Containers .............................................................................. 114 Updating Containers ................................................................................................... 115 Updating EZ Template Packages In Containers ................................................................... 116 Updating OS EZ Template Caches ...................................................................................... 118 Managing Resources ............................................................................................ 120 What are Resource Control Parameters? ..................................................................... 121 Managing Container CPU Resources ........................................................................... 122 Configuring CPU Units ......................................................................................................... 122 Configuring Number of CPUs .............................................................................................. 123 Configuring CPU Limits ....................................................................................................... 125 Contents Controlling Container CPU Usage With VZASysD Plug-in .................................................... 128 Configuring Containers to Run on Specific CPUs ................................................................ 130 Managing Network Accounting and Bandwidth ............................................................ 131 Network Traffic Parameters ................................................................................................. 132 Configuring Network Classes .............................................................................................. 133 Viewing Network Traffic Statistics .......................................................................................