ZOOSYSTEMATICA ROSSICA, 23(1): 7–88 25 JUNE 2014 Classification of the Phalangopsinae subfamily group, and new taxa from the subfamilies Phalangopsinae and Phaloriinae (Orthoptera: Gryllidae) Классификация группы подсемейств, родственных подсемейству Phalangopsinae, и новые таксоны из подсемейств Phalangopsinae и Phaloriinae(Orthoptera: Gryllidae) A.V. GOROCHOV А.В. ГОРОХОВ A.V. Gorochov, Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Universitetskaya Emb., St Petersburg 199034, Russia. E-mail: [email protected] Preliminary classification of the Phalangopsinae subfamily group (= group “Phalangopsidae”: Phalangopsinae, Cacoplistinae, Phaloriinae and Pteroplistinae) are given. Some problems of evolution and taxonomy of this group are discussed. The former tribe Luzarini (= Luzarinae auct.) is synonymized with the tribe Phalangopsini divided into several subtribes (including the subtribe Luzarina). Sixty eight new taxa from Neotropical, Indo-Malayan and Papuan re- gions are described: Palpigera aluzara sp. nov., Asymmetracla subgen. nov. and Glandulacla subgen. nov. (in the genus Ochraperites Desutter-Grandcolas, 1993), O. (A.) asymmetricus sp. nov., O. (O.) cuyabeno sp. nov., O. (G.) aguarico sp. nov., Laozacla gen. nov., L. furca sp. nov., Eidmanacris longa sp. nov., Caribacusta gen. nov., C. antigua sp. nov., Noctivox orizaba sp. nov., Modestozarina subtrib. nov., Modestozara gen. nov., M. modesta sp. nov., M. troglophila sp. nov., M. satipo sp. nov., Notendecous subgen. nov. and Pedroecous subgen. nov. (in the genus Endecous Saussure, 1878), Daedalonotum gen. nov., D. daedalum sp. nov., Nemozarina subtrib. nov., Nemozara gen. nov., N. rio sp. nov., N. riorio sp. nov., N. pastaza sp. nov., N. vulcanica sp. nov., Anemozara gen. nov., Zacmozara subgen. nov. (in the genus Anemozara), A. (A.) vera sp. nov., A. (A.) propria sp. nov., A. (A.) umbrosa sp. nov., A. (Z.) eximia sp. nov., Lernecina subtrib. nov.; Lerneca sylvestris sp. nov., L. inalata amboro subsp. nov., L. inalata pantanal subsp. nov., Parendacustina subtrib. nov., ?Uvaroviella problematica sp. nov., Boli- vacla gen. nov., B. boliviana sp. nov., Brevizaclina subtrib. nov., Stridulacla subgen. nov. (in the genus Mikluchomaklaia Gorochov, 1986), M. (M.) enarotali sp. nov., Papuzacla subgen. nov. and Lobulacla subgen. nov. (in the genus Brevizacla Gorochov, 2003), B. (P.) fawi sp. nov., B. (L.) nabire sp. nov., B. (L.) halmahera sp. nov., Terrozacla gen. nov., T. jambi sp. nov., T. harau sp. nov., T. trusmadi sp. nov., T. borneo sp. nov., T. kubah sp. nov., T. gading sp. nov., Vescelia mulu sp. nov., Phaloria (Papuloria) latiuscula sp. nov., Ph. (P.) tristis sp. nov., Ph. (P.) paratristis sp. nov., Ph. (P.) tariku sp. nov., Ph. (P.) manifesta sp. nov., Ph. (P.) waena sp. nov., Ph. (P.) neorava sp. nov.; Ph. sulawesi sp. nov.; Tremellia timah orientalis subsp. nov.; Pseudotrigonidium borneo sp. nov.; P. gaponi sp. nov. One former genus is included in the ge- nus Longuripes Desutter-Grandcolas et Hubbell, 1993 as its subgenus Prolonguripes Desutter- Grandcolas, 1993, stat. nov. Prosthacusta beliza (Otte et Perez-Gelabert, 2009), comb. nov. is transferred from the synonymic genus Doposia Otte et Perez-Gelabert, 2009 (= Lerneca Walker, 1869) to Prosthacusta Saussure, 1874. The genus Otteus Koçak et Kemal, 2009, gen. dist. is restored from synonymy with Cubacophus Ruiz-Baliú et Otte, 1997. Phaloria galoa Otte et Cowper, 2007, syn. nov. is synonymized with Ph. heterotrypoides Gorochov, 1999, and this species as well as Ph. insularis Bolivar, 1912 are transferred from the nominotypical subge- nus to the subgenus Papuloria Gorochov, 1996. © 2014 Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Scienсes 8 A.V. GOROCHOV. CLASSIFICATION AND NEW TAXA OF PHALANGOPSINAE SUBFAMILY GROUP Дана предварительная классификация группы подсемейств, родственых Phalangopsinae (группа “Phalangopsidae”: Phalangopsinae, Cacoplistinae, Phaloriinae and Pteroplistinae). Рассмотрены некоторые проблемы эволюции и таксономии этой группы. Бывшая триба Luzarini (= Luzarinae auct.) синонимизирована с трибой Phalangopsini, разделенной на несколько подтриб (включая подтрибу Luzarina). Шестьдесят восемь новых таксонов описаны из неотропической, индо-малайской и папуасской областей: Palpigera aluzara sp. nov., Asymmetracla subgen. nov. и Glandulacla subgen. nov. (в составе рода Ochraper- ites Desutter-Grandcolas, 1993), O. (A.) asymmetricus sp. nov., O. (O.) cuyabeno sp. nov., O. (G.) aguarico sp. nov., Laozacla gen. nov., L. furca sp. nov., Eidmanacris longa sp. nov., Caribacusta gen. nov., C. antigua sp. nov., Noctivox orizaba sp. nov., Modestozarina subtrib. nov., Modestozara gen. nov., M. modesta sp. nov., M. troglophila sp. nov., M. satipo sp. nov., Notendecous subgen. nov. и Pedroecous subgen. nov. (в составе рода Endecous Saussure, 1878), Daedalonotum gen. nov., D. daedalum sp. nov., Nemozarina subtrib. nov., Nemozara gen. nov., N. rio sp. nov., N. riorio sp. nov., N. pastaza sp. nov., N. vulcanica sp. nov., Anemo- zara gen. nov., Zacmozara subgen. nov. (в составе рода Anemozara), A. (A.) vera sp. nov., A. (A.) propria sp. nov., A. (A.) umbrosa sp. nov., A. (Z.) eximia sp. nov., Lernecina subtrib. nov.; Lerneca sylvestris sp. nov., L. inalata amboro subsp. nov., L. inalata pantanal subsp. nov., Par- endacustina subtrib. nov., ?Uvaroviella problematica sp. nov., Bolivacla gen. nov., B. boliviana sp. nov., Brevizaclina subtrib. nov., Stridulacla subgen. nov. (в составе рода Mikluchomaklaia Gorochov, 1986), M. (M.) enarotali sp. nov., Papuzacla subgen. nov. и Lobulacla subgen. nov. (в составе рода Brevizacla Gorochov, 2003), B. (P.) fawi sp. nov., B. (L.) nabire sp. nov., B. (L.) halmahera sp. nov., Terrozacla gen. nov., T. jambi sp. nov., T. harau sp. nov., T. trusmadi sp. nov., T. borneo sp. nov., T. kubah sp. nov., T. gading sp. nov., Vescelia mulu sp. nov., Pha- loria (Papuloria) latiuscula sp. nov., Ph. (P.) tristis sp. nov., Ph. (P.) paratristis sp. nov., Ph. (P.) tariku sp. nov., Ph. (P.) manifesta sp. nov., Ph. (P.) waena sp. nov., Ph. (P.) neorava sp. nov.; Ph. sulawesi sp. nov.; Tremellia timah orientalis subsp. nov.; Pseudotrigonidium borneo sp. nov.; P. gaponi sp. nov. Один бывший род включен в состав рода Longuripes Desutter-Grandcolas et Hubbell, 1993 как его подрод Prolonguripes Desutter-Grandcolas, 1993, stat. nov. Prost- hacusta beliza (Otte et Perez-Gelabert, 2009), comb. nov. перенесена из синонимического рода Doposia Otte et Perez-Gelabert, 2009 (= Lerneca Walker, 1869) в Prosthacusta Saussure, 1874. Род Otteus Koçak et Kemal, 2009, gen. dist. восстановлен из синонимии с Cuba- cophus Ruiz-Baliú et Otte, 1997. Phaloria galoa Otte et Cowper, 2007, syn. nov. сведена в синонимы к Ph. heterotrypoides Gorochov, 1999, и этот вид вместе с Ph. insularis Bolivar, 1912 перенесены из номинативного подрода в подрод Papuloria Gorochov, 1996. Key words: crickets, taxonomy, evolution, America, Indo-Malayan and Papuan regions, Or- thoptera, Gryllidae, Phalangopsinae, Phaloriinae, new taxa Ключевые слова: сверчки, таксономия, эволюция, Америка, индо-малайская и папуас- ская области, Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Phalangopsinae, Phaloriinae, новые таксоны INTRODUCTION provisional hypotheses on its evolution and divergence: Classification of the Phalangopsinae 1) Branching of the Phalangopsinae sub- subfamily group (= the group “Phalangop- family group from a main stock of the fam- sidae”; Gorochov, 2001) is in need of an ily Gryllidae might be caused by a special- additional study, including revisions of nu- ization of its general ancestor to life on the merous insufficiently described taxa (with forest floor in warm forests or in ecotones of unclear taxonomical position) as well as dis- such forests. Its mode of life might be similar coveries of new taxa and of other new data to that of the genus Lerneca Walker, 1869: (on morphology, mode of life and so on). At many representatives of this genus have present, this group looks as holophyletic completely developed wings and live among one and allows us to ground the following dry leaves on the forest floor, among the © 2014 Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Scienсes, Zoosystematica Rossica 23(1): 7–88 A.V. GOROCHOV. CLASSIFICATION AND NEW TAXA OF PHALANGOPSINAE SUBFAMILY GROUP 9 grass in forest glades, or even on the ground 2) Neotropical fauna of the Phalangop- in shrubby areas (with sparse groups of low sinae subfamily group is richest but seems trees) such as the Pantanal in Paraguay. to me less morphologically diverse than the Early differenciation of this group might Old World fauna. Possibly, evolution of this be connected with specializations to life in group in the Old World was more rapid (in the bark crevices of tree trunks (Ptero- connection with largest territory) and/or plistinae) or on the leaves of living bushes longer (paleontological data on this group, (Phaloriinae); origin of Cacoplistinae and formed probably before Caenozoic, are Phalangopsinae previously been associated known only since Middle Eocene; Goro- by me (Gorochov, 1995) with adaptation chov, 2012). In the both cases, extinction to life on the tree trunks, because almost inside this group in the Old World might all the genera with completely developed be more significant than in the New World. wings from different tribes of Phalangopsi- Thus, it is reasonable to consider the Old nae have such or similar mode of life. Now, World fauna more morphologically diverse this opinion is changed, as many of the (divided into a few distinct subfamilies) but phalangopsines live on the