IMPLICATIONS OF POWER BLACKOUTS FOR THE NATION’S CYBERSECURITY AND CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE PROTECTION JOINT HEARING OF THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON CYBERSECURITY, SCIENCE, AND RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT AND THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON INFRASTRUCTURE AND BORDER SECURITY OF THE SELECT COMMITTEE ON HOMELAND SECURITY HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ONE HUNDRED EIGHTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION SEPTEMBER 4, 2003 and SEPTEMBER 23, 2003 Serial No. 108–23 Printed for the use of the Select Committee on Homeland Security ( Available via the World Wide Web: http://www.access.gpo.gov/congress/house U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 99–793 PDF WASHINGTON : 2005 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512–1800; DC area (202) 512–1800 Fax: (202) 512–2250 Mail: Stop SSOP, Washington, DC 20402–0001 SELECT COMMITTEE ON HOMELAND SECURITY CHRISTOPHER COX, California, Chairman JENNIFER DUNN, Washington JIM TURNER, Texas, Ranking Member C.W. BILL YOUNG, Florida BENNIE G. THOMPSON, Mississippi DON YOUNG, Alaska LORETTA SANCHEZ, California F. JAMES SENSENBRENNER, JR., EDWARD J. MARKEY, Massachusetts Wisconsin NORMAN D. DICKS, Washington W.J. (BILLY) TAUZIN, Louisiana BARNEY FRANK, Massachusetts DAVID DREIER, California JANE HARMAN, California DUNCAN HUNTER, California BENJAMIN L. CARDIN, Maryland HAROLD ROGERS, Kentucky LOUISE MCINTOSH SLAUGHTER, SHERWOOD BOEHLERT, New York New York LAMAR S. SMITH, Texas PETER A. DEFAZIO, Oregon CURT WELDON, Pennsylvania NITA M. LOWEY, New York CHRISTOPHER SHAYS, Connecticut ROBERT E. ANDREWS, New Jersey PORTER J. GOSS, Florida ELEANOR HOLMES NORTON, DAVE CAMP, Michigan District of Columbia LINCOLN DIAZ-BALART, Florida ZOE LOFGREN, California BOB GOODLATTE, Virginia KAREN MCCARTHY, Missouri ERNEST J. ISTOOK, Jr., Oklahoma SHEILA JACKSON-LEE, Texas PETER T. KING, New York BILL PASCRELL, JR., New Jersey JOHN LINDER, Georgia DONNA M. CHRISTENSEN, JOHN B. SHADEGG, Arizona U.S. Virgin Islands MARK E. SOUDER, Indiana BOB ETHERIDGE, North Carolina MAC THORNBERRY, Texas CHARLES GONZALEZ, Texas JIM GIBBONS, Nevada KEN LUCAS, Kentucky KAY GRANGER, Texas JAMES R. LANGEVIN, Rhode Island PETE SESSIONS, Texas KENDRICK B. MEEK, Florida JOHN E. SWEENEY, New York JOHN GANNON, Chief of Staff UTTAM DHILLON, Chief Counsel and Deputy Staff Director DAVID H. SCHANZER, Democrat Staff Director MICHAEL S. TWINCHEK, Chief Clerk (II) SUBCOMMITTEE ON INFRASTRUCTURE AND BORDER SECURITY DAVE CAMP, Michigan, Chairman KAY GRANGER, Texas, Vice Chairwoman LORETTA SANCHEZ, California JENNIFER DUNN, Washington EDWARD J. MARKEY, Massachusetts DON YOUNG, Alaska NORMAN D. DICKS, Washington DUNCAN HUNTER, California BARNEY FRANK, Massachusetts LAMAR SMITH, Texas BENJAMIN L. CARDIN, Maryland LINCOLN DIAZ-BALART, Florida LOUISE MCINTOSH SLAUGHTER, ROBERT W. GOODLATTE, Virginia New York ERNEST ISTOOK, Oklahoma PETER A. DEFAZIO, Oregon JOHN SHADEGG, Arizona SHEILA JACKSON-LEE, Texas MARK SOUDER, Indiana BILL PASCRELL, JR., New Jersey JOHN SWEENEY, New York CHARLES GONZALEZ, Texas CHRISTOPHER COX, California, ex officio JIM TURNER, Texas, ex officio Subcommittee on Cybersecurity, Science, and Research and Development MAC THORNBERRY, Texas, Chairman PETE SESSIONS, Texas, Vice Chairman ZOE LOFGREN, California SHERWOOD BOEHLERT, New York LORETTA SANCHEZ, California LAMAR SMITH, Texas ROBERT E. ANDREWS, New Jersey CURT WELDON, Pennsylvania SHEILA JACKSON-LEE, Texas DAVE CAMP, Michigan DONNA M. CHRISTENSEN, ROBERT W. GOODLATTE, Virginia U.S. Virgin Islands PETER KING, New York BOB ETHERIDGE, North Carolina JOHN LINDER, Georgia KEN LUCAS, KENTUCKY MARK SOUDER, Indiana JAMES R. LANGEVIN, Rhode Island JIM GIBBONS, Nevada KENDRICK B. MEEK, Florida KAY GRANGER, Texas CHARLES GONZALEZ, Texas CHRISTOPHER COX, California, ex officio JIM TURNER, TEXAS, ex officio (III) C O N T E N T S Page STATEMENTS The Honorable Dave Camp, a Representative in Congress From the State of Michigan, and Chairman, Subcommittee on Infrastructure and Border Security ................................................................................................................. 1 The Honorable Mac Thornberry, a Representative in Congress From the State of Texas, and Chairman, Cybersecurity, Science, and Research and Development ......................................................................................................... 13 The Honorable Christopher Cox, a Representative in Congress From the State of California, and Chairman, Select Committee on Homeland Security Prepared Statement ............................................................................................. 13 Oral Statement ..................................................................................................... 18 Prepared Statement ............................................................................................. 116 The Honorable Jim Turner, a Representative in Congress From the State of Texas, and Ranking Member, Select Committee on Homeland Security Prepared Statement ............................................................................................. 16 Oral Statement ..................................................................................................... 19 Prepared Statement ............................................................................................. 114 The Honorable Robert E. Andrews, a Representatives in Congress From the State of New Jersey ............................................................................................. 54 The Honorable Donna M. Christensen, a Delegate From the U.S. Virgin Islands ................................................................................................................... 48 The Honorable Peter A. DeFazio, a Representative in Congress From the State of Oregon ..................................................................................................... 51 The Honorable Norman D. Dicks, a Representative in Congress From the State of Washington ............................................................................................. 52 The Honorable Jennifer Dunn, a Representative in Congress From the State of Washington ....................................................................................................... 46 The Honorable Bob Etheridge, a Representative in Congress From the State of North Carolina ................................................................................................. 49 The Honorable James R. Langevin, a Representative in Congress From the State of Rhode Island Prepared Statement ............................................................................................. 16 Prepared Statement ............................................................................................. 116 The Honorable Sheila Jackson-Lee, a Representative in Congress From the State of Texas Oral Statement ..................................................................................................... 57 Prepared Statement ............................................................................................. 115 The Honorable Zoe Lofgren, a Representative in Congress From the State of California Prepared Statement ............................................................................................. 44 The Honoralbe Ken Lucas, a Representative in Congress From the State of Kentucky ........................................................................................................... 138 The Honorable Edward J. Markey, a Representative in Congress From the State of Massachusetts ........................................................................................ 106 The Honorable Kendrick B. Meek, a Representative in Congress From the State of Florida ..................................................................................................... 134 The Honorable Bill Pascrell, a Representative in Congress From the State of New Jersey ....................................................................................................... 44 The Honorable Loretta Sanchez, a Representative in Congress From the State of California ................................................................................................ 17 The Honorable Pete Sessions, a Representative in Congress From the State of Texas ................................................................................................................. 129 (V) VI Page The Honorable John B. Shadegg, a Representative in Congress From the States Arizona ...................................................................................................... 103 The Honorable Louise McIntosh Slaughter, a Representative in Congress From the State New York ................................................................................... 55 The Honorable Curt Weldon, a Representative in Congress From the State of Pennsylvania .................................................................................................... 20 WITNESSES SEPTEMBER 4, 2003 The Honorable J. Cofer Black, Coordinator, Office of the Coordinator for Counterterrorism, Department of State Oral Statement ..................................................................................................... 2 Prepared Statement ............................................................................................. 5 Mr. Paul H. Gilbert, Former Panel Chair, Energy Facilities, Cities, and Fixed Infrastructure, National Research