ESTONIAESTONIA Tiina Juhansoo, Tallinn Health CoCollegellege February, 2008, Finland ESTONIAESTONIA Official name: Republic of Estonia Is a country in North Europe Estonia has land borders to the south with Latvia and to the east with Russia, separated from Finland in the North by the Gulf of Finland and from Sweden in the West by the Baltic Sea. EstoniaEstonia The modern name of Estonia is thought to originate from the Roman historian Tacitus, who in his book Germania (ca. AD 98) described the people called Aestii. IndependenceIndependence DeclaredDeclared fromfrom RussiaRussia andand GermanyGermany:: 2424 FebruaryFebruary 19181918 RecognisedRecognised 22 FebruaryFebruary 19201920 OccupiedOccupied byby USSRUSSR 1616 JuneJune 19401940 ReRe--declareddeclared 2020 AugustAugust 19911991 MemberMember of:of: NATO: 29 March 2004 European Union. 1 May 2004 FlagFlag CornflowerCornflower -- NationalNational flowerflower EstoniaEstonia Official language: Estonian Government: Parliamentary republic President: Toomas Hendrik Ilves Prime Minister: Andrus Ansip SomeSome datadata •• Area:Area: 45.22645.226 kmkm²² (17,413(17,413 sqsq mi)mi) WaterWater 4.56&%4.56&% •• Population:Population: 1,31,342,40942,409 millionmillion (2007)(2007) DensityDensity 29/km29/km 22 •• Male:Male: 4646 %% female:female: 5454 %% •• Urban:Urban: 6969 %% rural:rural: 3131 %% 1/3of1/3of thethe populationpopulation inin TallinnTallinn andand nearbynearby AdministrativelyAdministratively 1515 countiescounties LocalLocal GovernmentsGovernments 227227 EconomyEconomy Estonia joined to WTO in November 1999 GDP per capita $ 21,187 (2006) Unemployment rate 4,2% (2006) In 1994 Estonia adapt a flat tax: 26% regardless of personal income In January personal income tax was reduced to 24% and January 2006 to 23% Social tax 33% EconomyEconomy 1992 Estonia replaced ruble with its own freely convertible currency, the kroon (EEK) 1 euro = 15,64664 krooni Average salary (2007, II) 11150.00 EEK (712 euros) TallinnTallinn Capital and the largest city Popullation 400387 53,7% Estonians TallinnTallinn KohtlaKohtla--JJäärverve Popullation 47679 (IY) Estonians 17,8% TartuTartu University town Popullation 101169 80% Estonians TartuTartu TartuTartu EstonianEstonian educationaleducational structurestructure ESTONIAN EDUCATIONAL STRUCTURE Doctor´s study University Ma ste r´s study Age Applied higher education institution 24 23 Integrated curriculum for Bachelor´s and Applied higher education 22 Bachelor´s and Master´s Ma ste r´s study Applied higher education or VET institution, 21 study University university college 20 University 19 Vocational secondary education Vocational education institution 18 17 General secondary education Vocational secondary education 16 Gymnasium Vocational education institution 15 14 13 12 11 Basic education 10 Basic school 9 8 7 6 Pre- primary education 5 Pre- primary childcare institution EducationEducation ofof HealthHealth CareCare WorkersWorkers UniversityUniversity ofof TartuTartu FirstFirst levellevel ofof higherhigher educationeducation MedicalMedical doctorsdoctors PharmaceutsPharmaceuts StomatologyStomatology SecondSecond levellevel:: ++ NursingNursing ScienceScience ThirdThird levellevel:: MDMD HealthHealth CollegesColleges Tallinn Health College - TALLINNA TERVISHOIU KÕRGKOOL Founded in 1940 as Nurses School In December, 1964 renamed the Tallinn Medical School In August 2006, renamed Tallinn Health College The same time Kohtla-Järve startst to be a part of Tallinn Health College TallinnTallinn HealthHealth CollegeCollege On vocational level: Nurse Careworker Midwife Dental technician Optometrist Pharmacist Occupational therapist Health promotor TartuTartu SchoolSchool ofof HealthHealth CareCare TartuTartu TervishoiuTervishoiu KõrgkoolKõrgkool 18111811 SchoolSchool ofof MidwivesMidwives 19251925 SchoolSchool ofof NursesNurses UnionUnion 19441944 NationalNational SecondarySecondary SchoolSchool ofof MedicineMedicine →→ MedicalMedical ScoolScool ofof TartuTartu 20062006 TartuTartu SchoolSchool ofof HealthHealth CareCare TartuTartu SchoolSchool ofof HealthHealth CareCare TartuTartu TervishoiuTervishoiu KõrgkoolKõrgkool OnOn vocationalvocational levellevel NurseNurse CareworkerCareworker MidwifeMidwife BabysitterBabysitter BioanalyticsBioanalytics RadiographyRadiography EnvironmentalEnvironmental healthhealth PhysiotherapyPhysiotherapy EducationEducation ofof SocialSocial WorkersWorkers Tallinn University Tallinn Pedagogical College Tartu University Narva College EducationEducation ofof teachersteachers inin healthhealth carecare MostlyMostly differentdifferent coursescourses:: UniversityUniversity ofof TallinnTallinn UniversityUniversity ofof TartuTartu TallinnTallinn HealthHealth CollegeCollege TartuTartu SchoolSchool ofof HealthHealth CareCare HealthHealth CareCare ExpenditureExpenditure 5,1% of the GDP (382 mil EURO in 2002) Health Insurance law in force since 1992 Financed: 13% earmarked health insurance tax salaries paid by employers and collected from 1999 by Tax Agency Coverage: 94% of population Solidarity in Estonian health insurance: contributions (2005): – no contributions 48% of insured - 49% insured - - STATE 3% Estonian Health Insurance Fond, 2006 HealthHealth Care:Care: OneOne MedicalMedical FacultyFaculty –– inin TartuTartu UniversityUniversity PhysiciansPhysicians 44264426 30,8/1030,8/10 000000 poppop.. DentistsDentists 1101211012 7,0/7,0/ 1010 000000 poppop.. HealthHealth CCoollegeslleges:: Tartu,Tartu, Tallinn,Tallinn, (Kohtla(Kohtla--JJäärve)rve) NursesNurses 1019610196 70,7/1070,7/10 000000 poppop.. HospitalsHospitals 19931993 19991999 20032003 NumberNumber 115115 7878 5050 BedsBeds 1437714377 1035810358 91609160 ALOSALOS 15,415,4 daysdays 9,99,9 daysdays 6,86,8 daysdays TartuTartu UniversityUniversity HospitalHospital –– 900900 bedsbeds TallinnTallinn RegionalRegional HospitalHospital –– 750750 bedsbeds HospitalsHospitals 2005,2005, totaltotal 5050 Regional 3 (Tartu University, Tallinn Regional, Tallinn Childrens Hospital) Central 4 (2 - Tallinn, 1 Kohtla-Järve, 1 Pärnu) Specialized 5 General 19 Rehabilitation 3 Care 16 StaffStaff ofof TallinnTallinn HealthHealth SchoolSchool NurseNurse Study period 3,5 years MidwifeMidwife Study period 4,5 years OptometristOptometrist Study period 3,5 years PharmacistPharmacist Study period 3 years OccupationalOccupational therapisttherapist Study period 4 years PracticalPractical nursenurse Study period 2 years.