Extensible Stylesheet Language (XSL) Version 1.0 W3C Working Draft 18 October 2000 This version: http://www.w3.org/TR/2000/WD-xsl-20001018/ (PDF by RenderX, XML file, HTML (one large file), ZIP file) Latest version: http://www.w3.org/TR/xsl/ Previous version: http://www.w3.org/TR/2000/WD-xsl-20000327 Authors and Contributors: Sharon Adler (IBM) <[email protected]> Anders Berglund (IBM) <[email protected]> Jeff Caruso (Pageflex) <[email protected]> Stephen Deach (Adobe) <[email protected]> Paul Grosso (ArborText) <[email protected]> Eduardo Gutentag (Sun) <[email protected]> Alex Milowski (Lexica) <[email protected]> Scott Parnell (Xerox) <[email protected]> Jeremy Richman (BroadVision) <[email protected]> Steve Zilles (Adobe) <[email protected]> Copyright © 1999 W3C (MIT, INRIA, Keio), All Rights Reserved. W3C liability, trademark, document use and software licensing rules apply. Extensible Stylesheet Language (XSL) (xsl-20001018) ii Abstract XSL is a language for expressing stylesheets. It consists of two parts: 1. a language for transforming XML documents, and 2. an XML vocabulary for specifying formatting semantics. An XSL stylesheet specifies the presentation of a class of XML documents by describing how an instance of the class is transformed into an XML document that uses the formatting vocabulary. Status of this document This is a W3C Working Draft for review by W3C members and other interested parties. This working draft incorporates the proposed resolution of the issues raised during Last Call. The Working Group intends to submit a revised version of this specification for publication as a Candidate Recommendation in the near future. We are issuing this interim public draft as it sets out a number of changes made in response to comments received on the Last Call draft. Items under consideration for change for Candidate Recommendation include the name of the font-height-override-before and font-height-override-after properties. Please send detailed comments to [email protected]; archives of the comments are available. More general public discussion of XSL takes place on the XSL-List mailing list. It is a draft document and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. The XSL Working Group will not allow early implementation to constrain its ability to make changes to this specification prior to final release. It is inappropriate to use W3C Working Drafts as reference material or to cite them as other than “work in progress”. A list of current W3C working drafts can be found at http://www.w3.org/TR. This document has been produced as part of the W3C Style Activity by the XSL Working Group (members only). W3C Working Draft Extensible Stylesheet Language (XSL) (xsl-20001018) iii Table of Contents 1. Introduction and Overview 1 1.1. Processing a Stylesheet 1 1.1.1. Tree Transformations 2 1.1.2. Formatting 2 1.2. Benefits of XSL 5 1.2.1. Paging and Scrolling 6 1.2.2. Selectors and Tree Construction 7 1.2.3. An Extended Page Layout Model 7 1.2.4. A Comprehensive Area Model 7 1.2.5. Internationalization and Writing-Modes 7 1.2.6. Linking 8 2. Introduction to XSL Transformation 8 2.1. Tree Construction 8 2.2. XSL Namespace 9 3. Introduction to Formatting 9 3.1. Conceptual Procedure 10 4. Area Model 11 4.1. Introduction 11 4.2. Rectangular Areas 13 4.2.1. Area Types 13 4.2.2. Common Traits 13 4.2.3. Geometric Definitions 14 4.2.4. Tree Ordering 16 4.2.5. Stacking Constraints 17 4.2.6. Font Baseline Tables 22 4.3. Spaces and Conditionality 22 4.3.1. Space-resolution Rules 23 4.4. Block-areas 23 4.4.1. Stacked Block-areas 24 4.4.2. Intrusion Adjustments 25 4.5. Line-areas 26 4.6. Inline-areas 27 4.6.1. Stacked Inline-areas 27 4.6.2. Glyph-areas 28 4.7. Ordering Constraints 28 4.7.1. General Ordering Constraints 28 4.7.2. Line-building 28 4.7.3. Inline-building 29 4.8. Keeps and Breaks 29 4.9. Rendering Model 30 4.9.1. Geometry 30 W3C Working Draft Extensible Stylesheet Language (XSL) (xsl-20001018) iv 4.9.2. Viewport Geometry 31 4.9.3. Visibility 31 4.9.4. Border, Padding, and Background 31 4.9.5. Intrinsic Marks 32 4.9.6. Layering and Conflict of Marks 32 4.10. Sample Area Tree 33 4.11. List of Traits on Areas 33 5. Property Refinement / Resolution 34 5.1. Specified, Computed, and Actual Values, and Inheritance 35 5.1.1. Specified Values 35 5.1.2. Computed Values 35 5.1.3. Actual Values 36 5.1.4. Inheritance 36 5.2. Shorthand Expansion 36 5.3. Computing the Values of Corresponding Properties 37 5.3.1. Border and Padding Properties 37 5.3.2. Margin, Space, and Indent Properties 38 5.3.3. Height, and Width Properties 38 5.3.4. Overconstrained Geometry 40 5.4. Simple Property to Trait Mapping 40 5.4.1. Background-position-horizontal and background-position-vertical Properties 41 5.4.2. Column-number Property 41 5.4.3. Text-align Property 41 5.4.4. Text-align-last Property 41 5.4.5. z-index Property 41 5.5. Complex Property to Trait Mapping 41 5.5.1. Word-spacing and Letter-spacing Properties 41 5.5.2. Reference-orientation Property 41 5.5.3. Writing-mode and Direction Properties 42 5.5.4. Absolute-position Property 43 5.5.5. Relative-position Property 43 5.5.6. Text-decoration Property 43 5.5.7. Font Properties 43 5.6. Non-property Based Trait Generation 44 5.7. Property Based Transformations 44 5.7.1. Text-transform Property 44 5.8. Unicode Bidi Processing 44 5.9. Expressions 46 5.9.1. Property Context 46 5.9.2. Evaluation Order 47 5.9.3. Basics 47 5.9.4. Function Calls 47 5.9.5. Numerics 47 5.9.6. Absolute Numerics 49 5.9.7. Relative Numerics 49 5.9.7.1. Percents 49 W3C Working Draft Extensible Stylesheet Language (XSL) (xsl-20001018) v 5.9.7.2. Relative Lengths 49 5.9.8. Strings 49 5.9.9. Colors 50 5.9.10. Keywords 50 5.9.10.1. inherit 50 5.9.11. Lexical Structure 50 5.9.12. Expression Value Conversions 51 5.9.13. Definitions of Units of Measure 51 5.9.13.1. Pixels 52 5.10. Core Function Library 52 5.10.1. Number Functions 52 5.10.2. Color Functions 53 5.10.3. Font Functions 53 5.10.4. Property Value Functions 53 5.11. Property Datatypes 55 6. Formatting Objects 57 6.1. Introduction to Formatting Objects 57 6.1.1. Definitions Common to Many Formatting Objects 58 6.2. Formatting Object Content 59 6.3. Formatting Objects Summary 59 6.4. Declarations and Pagination and Layout Formatting Objects 64 6.4.1. Introduction 64 6.4.1.1. Page-sequence-masters 64 6.4.1.2. Page-masters 64 6.4.1.3. Page Generation 65 6.4.1.4. Flows and Flow Mapping 65 6.4.1.5. Constraints on Page Generation 66 6.4.1.6. Pagination Tree Structure 66 6.4.2. fo:root 67 6.4.3. fo:declarations 67 6.4.4. fo:color-profile 68 6.4.5. fo:page-sequence 68 6.4.6. fo:layout-master-set 69 6.4.7. fo:page-sequence-master 70 6.4.8. fo:single-page-master-reference 70 6.4.9. fo:repeatable-page-master-reference 71 6.4.10. fo:repeatable-page-master-alternatives 71 6.4.11. fo:conditional-page-master-reference 72 6.4.12. fo:simple-page-master 73 6.4.13. fo:region-body 77 6.4.14. fo:region-before 80 6.4.15. fo:region-after 81 6.4.16. fo:region-start 82 6.4.17. fo:region-end 83 6.4.18. fo:flow 84 6.4.19. fo:static-content 85 6.4.20. fo:title 85 W3C Working Draft Extensible Stylesheet Language (XSL) (xsl-20001018) vi 6.5. Block-level Formatting Objects 86 6.5.1. Introduction 86 6.5.1.1. Example 86 6.5.1.1.1. Chapter and Section Titles, Paragraphs 86 6.5.2. fo:block 88 6.5.3. fo:block-container 89 6.6. Inline-level Formatting Objects 90 6.6.1. Introduction 90 6.6.1.1. Examples 90 6.6.1.1.1. First Line of Paragraph in Small-caps 90 6.6.1.1.2. Figure with a Photograph 91 6.6.1.1.3. Page numbering and page number reference 91 6.6.2. fo:bidi-override 93 6.6.3. fo:character 93 6.6.4. fo:initial-property-set 95 6.6.5. fo:external-graphic 95 6.6.6. fo:instream-foreign-object 97 6.6.7. fo:inline 98 6.6.8. fo:inline-container 99 6.6.9. fo:leader 101 6.6.10. fo:page-number 102 6.6.11. fo:page-number-citation 103 6.7. Formatting Objects for Tables 104 6.7.1. Introduction 104 6.7.1.1. Examples 104 6.7.1.1.1. Simple Table with CALS Column-width Specifications 104 6.7.2. fo:table-and-caption 107 6.7.3. fo:table 108 6.7.4. fo:table-column 110 6.7.5. fo:table-caption 111 6.7.6. fo:table-header 112 6.7.7.