ISSN : 2321-4155 Journal of Indian Research Volume 2 Number 2 April-June 2014 Special Focus on Himalayas Mewar University Knowledge to Wisdom JOURNAL OF INDIAN RESEARCH Mewar University Journal of Indian Research A Quarterly Journal of Multidisciplinary Research Volume 2 || Number 2 || April-June, 2014 || ISSN : 2321-4155 Editorial Board Dr. Ashok Kumar Gadiya, Chairperson, Mewar University Dr. Mahesh Chandra Sharma, Ex-Member of Parliament Ram Bahadur Rai, Senior Journalist Dr. P. Ramaiah, Registrar, Mewar University Dr. K. K. Vashistha, Dr. V. P. Singh, Niraj Kumar, Dr. Chander Pal Singh Editor (Hon.) Niraj Kumar Assistant Editor Dr. Anshu Tyagi Assistant Director (Research), Mewar University Contact Us Editor, Journal of Indian Research Mewar University Sector-4C, Vasundhara, Delhi-Gzb. Link Road, Ghaziabad-201012 (U.P.) Phone : 0120-4758300 E-mail: [email protected], Website : http://mujournal.mewaruniversity.in Abstracts and Indexing https://nkrc.niscair.res.in www.drji.org www.isid.org www.cifefactor.org www.scholar.google.com Design & Production Samvad Media Pvt. Ltd. E-mail:[email protected] Ph: 011-23517803 Copyright © Authors. All rights reserved. Authors are responsible for obtaining permission to reproduce copyright material from other sources. The Publisher assumes no responsibility for any statement of fact or opinion or copy- right violations in the published papers. The views expressed by authors do not necessarily represent the viewpoint of the Journal. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAIRPERSON’S MESSAGE v Editorial Niraj Kumar vi SPECIAL FOCUS ON HIMALAYAS • From the Dhaulagiri to Lappland, the Americas and Oceania / George Van Driem 2-19 • Himalayan Buddhism Travels West / Glenn Mullin 20-29 • Encounter and Engagement: Vignettes of the Trans-Himalayan Region / Suchandana Chatterjee 30-35 • A Literature Review of the Mention of the Sacred Mountain “Kailash Mansarovar” in the Ancient Indian Classics and Mythology / Dr. Binod Singh 36-49 • Textile, Text, Terracing, Territoriality-Weaving a Pan-Himalayan Identity / Niraj Kumar, Chingngaih Biak 50-74 • The Trans-Himalayan Geopolitics / P. Stobdan 75-79 • Himalayan Frontiers of India: Some Perspectives / K. Warikoo 80-85 • Why Siachen Matters to India / Nitin Gokhale 86-90 • Empowering the Kashmiris / Iftikhar Gilani 91-94 • Cultural Continuity and School Education in Bhutan: Current Initiatives, Challenges and Opportunities / Dr. Dorji Thinley 95-102 • An Introduction to Manipur and Theories Regarding the Origin and Migration of the Zeliangrong Ethnic Group / Dr. Alana Golmei 103-108 • Buddhists Identity Politics in Nepal Since 1990s / Tsering Choldan 109-112 iii • Liberation Induced Conflict: The Case of Kamaiya Emancipation in Nepal / Raju Thapa 113-124 • Rishikesh: Silent Hum of Mystery / Ambika Talwar 125-129 • Tourism Development in Rural Himalayas of Uttarakhand – A Case Study of Creating Opportunities Through CSR / Syed Asghar Mehdi, Balmukund Sharma 130-136 • Climate Change and Looming Crisis Over Tibetan Plateau / Kota Mallikarjuna Gupta 137-145 • Effect of Flood on Ganga's Fish Assemblages (Devprayag to Haridwar) / Priyanka Sharma, Dr. Sujata Gupta, Dr. Meenakshi Mehta 146-150 MISCELLANEOUS • Green Computing: an Eco- Friendly Approach Toward Computing / Archana Gokhale, Dharamveer Sharma 152-157 • Problems Faced by Women In Slums: A Study of Women in Slums of Chandigarh (U.T.) / Rinku Kalia, Dr. Ranjay Vardhan 158-164 • A Study on Faculty Retention in Higher Education / Bindu Sharma 165-173 • Must-Have Intellectual Property Clauses in Industry-Sponsored Research Agreements / Vijay Iyer, Devanshi Patel 174-182 • Quality Assurance in Higher Education: Creditisation, Examination, Evaluation and Certification / K. M. Salati, Ram Chandra 183-205 iv CHAIRPERSON’S MESSAGE he Himalayas are not merely the highest and youngest mountain system separating TIndian subcontinent from the Asian mainland. Profound significance of Himalayas for the people of South Asia goes much beyond the geopolitical divide and extends deeply into climatological, geological, hydrological, ecological, ethnological, cultural and religious realms. Fortunately the much neglected field of Himalayan studies has received a boost by the decision of the new government at the centre for allocating hundred crore rupees for creation of a national centre for Himalayan studies in its first budget. It is a matter of great pride for Mewar University that Journal of Indian Research has come out with an excellent issue centered on Himalayas and thus becoming the pioneering contributor in the great task of rejuvenation of this project of national and international importance. Binod Singh reviews the ancient literature tracing the depiction of sacred mountains of Kailash Mansarovar in Indian classical literature and mythology. George van Driem’s paper presents Eastern Himalayas as a cradle of ethnogenesis while exposing the Mongoloid myth and Sino Tibetan language family. Dr Alana Golmei uses oral history to examine the theories regarding the origin and migration of Zeliangrong ethnic group of Manipur. Glenn Mullin and Suchandana Chatterjee in their articles explore the various aspects of Trans- Himalayan Buddhism as it meets the challenge of existential crisis. Niraj Kumar and Chingngaih Biak argue for reading history of the region through deciphering textile patterns. Geo-strategic aspects of Himalayas have been well covered by Ambassador P. Stobdan, and Professor K. Warikoo. Nitin Gokhale critiques the voices of demilitarization of Siachen glacier. Iftikar Gilani makes a case for regional development of Kashmir region through devolution of political power as a panacea for lasting peace. Buddhist identity politics in Nepal since 1990s has been traced by Tsering Choldan and Raju Thapa analyses the case of Kamaiya emancipation in Nepal. Syed Asghar Mehdi and Balmukund Sharma make out a case for rural tourism in Uttarakhand. River Ganga also finds a place in a paper on ecological impact of flood on fish assemblage. Our esteemed editor deserves accolades for presenting before us papers of great academic depth contributed by the leading scholars in their respective areas of specialization doing full justice to the great range of subareas constituting the Himalayan studies. As usual, the international nature of JIR can be easily witnessed through the nationalities of our leading contributors. Like the spread of Himalayas from the Kashmir Valley to the Seven Sisters of North East, Mewar University is spreading its wings and attracting students in large numbers from Kashmir, Ladakh and north- eastern parts of India to contribute in the great task of national integration. A new batch of 300 students from North East has recently become a part of Mewar family. Mewar University’s vision encompasses spreading higher education in the Trans-Himalayan region, the bridge of major powers in the coming decades. Dr. Ashok Kumar Gadiya v EDITORIAL n a relief map, the Himalayas appear as a majestic crescent over India. If one places Mt. Kailash as a dot, Othe Chandra-bindu of Sanskrit alphabet gets manifest over the physical landscape. Chandra-bindu is always placed at the crown position, and so do the Himalayas occupy the crown position in shaping Indian civilization. Throughout the ages, the Himalayas have been a refuge for the rebels against the social and political orders. There is a strange charm that pervades the Himalayas as a sacred mountain for solitude, contemplation and reinvigoration. Many of the ancient and medieval reformers of Hindu tradition would take refuge in the caves and huts perched along the mountain ranges and come back to the society with the new message. The earliest mention of the mountain ranges appears in some of the Vedic texts, but only in the geographical sense. The sacredness of the Himalayan ranges was first indicated by one of the most towering personalities of Indian civilization, Sakyamuni Buddha. Buddha himself can be seen as the first great messenger from the Himalayas who set the wheel of dharma- rejuvenation rolling, succeeded subsequently by a cascade of messengers coming back from the pristine Himalayas to offer their solution to the human predicament. Buddha grew in Kapilvastu from where 8,167 meter high Dhaulagiri peak is clearly visible as the most dominating feature of Kapilvastu sky. He would have felt the charm and might have contemplated over the changing colour of the Dhaulagiri peaks before he decided to renounce the world to seek a madhyam marg (middle path) to end the human suffering. In fact, Dhaulagiri is the point where the river Kali Gandaki, the deepest river valley on the earth, bisects the Himalayas into two halves of equal length (George van Driem 2014). Perhaps he had Dhaulagiri in mind when he compared the virtuous person to the shining sun-lit snow peaks of the Himalayas (Himavant) while preaching Culasubhadda, the daughter of Anathapindika at Jetavana mango grove. Dhammapada (XXI.Pakinnakavagga ,Verse 304) Culasubhadda Vatthu Dure santo pakasenti himavantova pabbato asantettha na dissanti rattim khitta yatha sara. (‘The good shine from afar like the snowy Himalayas. The wicked are not seen, even when near, like an arrow shot in the night.’) (Dhammapada, Verse 304). Lake Anotatta (Mansarovar), Mount Kilash (Kailash) and Himavanta (Himalayas) are referred a number of times in the Pali Tripitaka. The Himalayas is narrated as the abode of the Nagas and as the kings of the mountains. The Lake Anotatta in the Himalayas is the great lake. Vinayapitaka mentions