DISTRICT HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT KOHIMA 2009 GOI - UNDP PROJECT Strengthening of State Plans for Human Development Government of Nagaland Department of Planning and Coordination Nagaland - Kohima 797 001 District Human Development Report - Kohima © Department of Planning and Coordination Government of Nagaland All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored or transmitted in any form or by any means without the prior permission from the publishers. Published by Department of Planning and Coordination Government of Nagaland First Published : 2011 Price : ` 1200 While every care has been taken to present accurate data, oversights may have occured. Please convey errors, if any to the Department of Planning and Coordination, Government of Nagaland TM Designed, Typset and Printed by artworks NAGALAND GOVERNOR NAGALAND, KOHIMA NIKHIL KUMAR MESSAGE Nagaland is one of the States, implementing the GOI - UNDP project “Strengthening State Plans for Human Development”. With the support of GOI - UNDP, the State Government has prepared the Human Development Report for Kohima. The District Human Development Report, Kohima has captured the quality of life and the status of delivery of public services at the district level despite data deficiency. The report has made an attempt to identify gaps or indicators of deficiency, thereby signaling areas which require specific policy attention. I am sure that this document will not only provide the necessary information required for understanding the present status of many aspects of socio – economic development of people but would also help in providing inputs for devising future strategies for development planning. I would like to thank the UNDP and the Planning Commission, Government of India for bringing out the Kohima District Human Development Report. I am certain that this partnership will grow stronger in the days to come. November 15, 2010 (NIKHIL KUMAR) CHIEF MINISTER NAGALAND, KOHIMA NEIPHIU RIO MESSAGE I am happy to know that Nagaland is one of the States involved in the GOI-UNDP Project, Strengthening of State Plans for Human Development. Such project provide insights into the impact of the intervention programmes on the quality of life of the people. In partnership with GOI-UNDP the State brought out its first State Human Development Report 2004 (SHDR). This Report has been hailed as a significant document and has become a reference vision document for the State. And as envisaged by the Government of India, I am sure the District Human Development Reports will serve as a vision document for the districts. The District Human Development Report Kohima assesses and captures the human development attainment, gender and livelihood issues in Kohima district. It also identifies the gaps and potentials of the district. The chapter “Voices of the People” is the outcome of the inter-active session with stakeholders of the district and reflect the views of the people. It is heartening to know that both GOI and UNDP are taking keen interest in the well being of the Naga people. I on behalf of the State Government acknowledge their efforts. I am sure the District Human Development Reports will serve its purpose of providing the basis for the district plans and in harnessing synergies for district planning. I also hope it generates more discussion for financing human development in Nagaland in general and in the district in particular. October 25, 2010 (NEIPHIU RIO) MINISTER PLANNING & CO-ORDINATION NAGALAND, KOHIMA T. R. ZELIANG MESSAGE The goal of all developmental planning is well being of the human being. And status of development in the social and livelihood sectors and its impact on quality of life can be assessed through Human Development Reports. The District Human Development Report, Kohima, makes a realistic assessment of the state of development and its impact on the people vis-á-vis the investment made. It identifies the institutional strengths and weaknesses and indicates the way forward for improving the quality of life of the people. The Report will hopefully be a strong tool for planning and will go a long way in enabling prioritization of human development issues in the district. It would help in reassessing our investment strategy. I would like to place on record my appreciation of the United Nation Development Programme and the Planning Commission, Government of India for having taken the initiative to implement this programme in the State. The academia, NGOs, Civil Societies of Kohima District, experts from outside the Government and officials of the Government of Nagaland deserve mention for putting together their collective efforts to bring out this publication. I do hope that the DHDR Kohima will reorient our development strategy in a more meaningful way to improve the quality of life in the district. October 29, 2010 (T. R. ZELIANG) CHIEF secretarY NAGALAND, KOHIMA LALTHARA, IAS MESSAGE When the first Nagaland State Human Development Report was brought out in 2004, it was felt that there should be a regular assessment of the level of advancement of people at the grassroots, and the efficacy of various Government policies and projects on the ground, and the District Human Development Reports are the outcome of this process. I thank the Government of India and the UNDP for sponsoring this important project. This document provides an in-depth study of the three districts of Kohima, Phek and Mon representing three stages of development within the State. It is heartening to note that within the intervening period of five years, while the pace of development is still slow, there have also been many perceptible positive changes. The document also offers practical insight into the level of development in the three districts, and also the various Government programmes and policies which are designed to bridge the socio- economic disparities. I congratulates all those who have contributed towards the compilation of the District Human Development Reports which will serve as a much needed reference point in framing new planning initiatives, including preparation of district plans, for the all round development of the State. November 2, 2010 (LALTHARA) x FOREWORD Economic development of a State and higher Gross State Domestic Product does not necessarily reflect the actual well being of its people. Therefore, Human Development Indices are advocated to measure the improvement and status of well-being of the people. The concept of human development focuses on the actual well-being of the people in terms of indicators like education, health-life expectancy, income and gender equity. With financial assistance and support of the Planning Commission, Government of India and the United Nations Development Programme, the State Planning and Coordination Department took the initiative in preparing the District Development Report for three districts in the State – namely Kohima, Phek and Mon. The districts were selected keeping in mind the relative range of development status of the district. The reports have been prepared in consultation with experts and academicians from within and outside the government under the guidance of Dr Manoj Pant, Professor of Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi. One of the main objectives has been to quantify development sector wise, thus throwing light on areas needing improvement. The report summarizes the overall development of the district. It is hoped that the District Human Development Report will serve as an important tool in planning for growth, social justice, and equity in the districts. This report is also expected to help in reassessing the investment strategy in the future and, if the challenges identified in the report are tackled, the district would be at par with any district in the country. I take this opportunity to thank United Nations Development Programme and the Planning Commission, Government of India for having taken the initiative to foster this partnership with the Government of Nagaland. The credit for the report goes to the experts from outside the Government and the officers of the Government of Nagaland for putting together their collective efforts in order to finalise this publication. I hope that the report will help in reorienting our development strategy in a more meaningful way for the creation of a more equitable and humane quality of life in the districts in particular and in the State of Nagaland as a whole. Alemtemshi Jamir, IAS Additional Chief Secretary and Development Commissioner Government of Nagaland xi TEAM FOR PREPARATION OF THE DISTRICT HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT, KOHIMA Principal Co-ordinator Alemtemshi Jamir, IAS Additional Chief Secretary & Development Commissioner Lead Co-ordinator Professor Manoi Pant, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi PRINCIPAL CONTRIBUTORS PAPER CONTRIBUTORS Chapter 1: Kohima - A Profile 1. About the District : Dr. Buno Liegise Ms. Monalisa Tase Chapter 2: Agriculture 2. Geology and Mining: Dr. Kilangla Jamir Shri Koratemjen Chapter 3: Informal Sector Dr. Kanihar Kant Chapter 4: Economic Livelihood (Non Rural) Shri. Mhonlumo Kikon Chapter 5: Health Dr. Nandira Changkija, Late Dr. Kumuni Kathipri and Ms. Ella Mary Chapter 6: Basic Services Dr. Temjenzulu Chapter 7: Education Shri. F. P. Solo, Shri. Pheluopfelie Kesiezie, Shri. C. J. Lohe, Shri. Rokus Chase and Dr. Buno Liegise Chapter 8: Gender Issues Smti. Chozüle Kikhi, Dr. Kedilezo Kikhi and Padmashree Sentila T. Yanger Chapter 9: Infrastructure and Connectivity Shri. Athili Kathipri and Smti. Temjenrenla Kechu