CRITICISM OF FREUDIAN PSYCHOLOGY B.A. IInd (Honors) BY DR. MASAUD ANSARI Department of Psychology, A.P.S.M. College, Barauni L. N. M. University, Darbhanga 31 M A R C H 2 0 2 0 Criticism of Freudian Psychology Freudian psychoanalysis has an important impact upon not only psychology but also upon other allied sciences. Still, there are many psychologists who have criticised Freud. Some of the major points of criticisms are as under: 1. Non-verifiability of the data 2. Overemphasis upon sex 3. Unscientific concepts 4. Skinner’s Criticisms 1. Non-verifiability of the data ▪ Critics have claimed that most of what psychoanalysis reports as its data have to taken on faith. ▪ As they further claim, Freud had developed his system mainly from his personal experiences. ▪ Other sources of his data were what was told to him infree association by the patients. ▪ Dreams were his another source. ▪ All these sources of data are such that they can’t be replicated and therefore, can’t be verified. ▪ A system based upon such data, therefore, can never be specific 2. Overemphasis upon sex ▪ Critics have also said that Freudian psychoanalysis has overemphasised sex. ▪ His idea that an infant shows sexual activities has been widely ridiculed. ▪ The famous concepts of Oedipus complex, penis envy, castration anxiety and Electra complex are overloaded with sex emphasis. ▪ Freud’s claim that Oedipus complex isuniversal and sexual in nature has been challenged. ▪ Some cross-cultural evidences do suggest that Oedipus complex is neither universal nor sexual. ▪ In some societies, this occurs as consequence of rivalry between the son and the father because of the latter dominant position inthe family. 3. Unscientific concepts ▪ There are some theoretical concepts in Freudian psychoanalysis whose existence can’t be proved because they are unscientific as well as purely theoretical concepts. ▪ For example, the concepts of psychic energy and the superego are its examples. ▪ Like other forms of energy, we can’t assess psychic energy. ▪ Likewise, itis very difficult to give proof for the existence of superego. ▪ Such concepts have made Freudian system as highly dubious. 4. Skinner’s Criticisms ▪ Skinner (1954) has criticised Freudian psychoanalysis for its lack of data for quantification. ▪ Freud talked much about ideas, memories, etc. but provided no means for measuring it. ▪ Skinner also said that Freud included several intervening variables like id, ego and superego in his system but through those variables he couldn’t trace the original causes of behaviour. ▪ Although Freud favoured the explanation of behaviour in terms of early childhood experiences, these intervening variables contributed in no significant way in their understanding. .