February 20, 2013 Great Plains Art Museum http://www.sdsufoundation.org/2012/07/sdsu‐to‐host‐morrill‐act‐celebration‐on‐july‐2.html http://www.sdstate.edu/ THE LAND GRANT MISSION for the public good DISCOVERY LEARNING ENGAGEMENT RESEARCH TEACHING SERVICE EDUCATION AND OUTREACH LIFELONG LEARNING BEYOND K‐20 INFORMAL SCIENCE EDUCATION ‐ OUTSIDE THE CLASSROOM: MUSEUMS, ZOOS, PARKS EXTENSION EDUCATION/STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEYS ‐‐ PRACTICAL APPLICATION OF UNIVERSITY RESEARCH TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER – KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER FOR COMMERCIAL PRODUCTION CENTRALITY TO THE UNIVERSITY’S “TOP PRIORITIES” DURING A BUDGET CUT ? IS IT A SERVICE UNIT NOT CENTRAL TO THE ACADEMIC MISSION? DOES IT BELONG IN THE UNIVERSITY? DOES IT NEED STATE FUNDS ON TOP OF ADMISSION FEES AND DONATIONS? ACADEMIC EXPECTATIONS OF FACULTY CURATORS? CHALLENGES FOR LAND GRANT UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR PUBLIC MUSEUMS Daniel Mark Fogel Professor of English and former President, University of Vermont (home state of Sen. Justin Morrill) SUNY Press, 2012 http://www.sunypress.edu/p‐5614‐precipice‐or‐crossroads.aspx “Minnesota Geological Survey May Close,” Susan Bush, EOS, Transactions American Geophysical Union, Volume 72, Issue 42, p. 451‐451 (1991) The future of the Minnesota Geological Survey is up in the air until January 1992, when the state legislature reconvenes. On June 4 [1991], Governor Arne H. Carlson vetoed a line‐item of the 2‐year University of Minnesota budget that contains funding for the MGS. If funds are not restored by special legislative appropriation and approved by the governor during the spring of 1992, MGS will be abolished effective July 1992. The possibility of closing the survey reflects a financial decision, according to Robert A. Schroeder, assistant to the governor. It is not based on the usefulness of the survey's work.” http://landgrant150.umn.edu/background.html UPCOMING 10TH ANNIVERSARY March 10, 2003 “Black Monday” State allocation prior to cut: FY 03 $1.86 million State‐funded positions eliminated: $1.4 million 8 tenured faculty 12.3 managerial/professional 1.6 office staff Contingency fund for restructuring added back $ 0.3 million Net cut $1.1 million in state funding. Temporary funds supplied to fund curator early retirements. ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ FY 04 state funding $969,400, = $891,000 lower than FY 03 Personnel : FY 03 FTE 44 to FY 04 FTE 29 = loss of 15 FTE Faculty curators’ FTE transferred to other units Natural history museums are threatened worldwide Staff poster at Natural History Museum, Florence, Italy during the International Geological Congress, August 2004 2003‐2013 THIS TALK IS DEDICATED TO ALL MUSEUM EMPLOYEES , DEVOTED VOLUNTEERS, GENEROUS DONORS, FRIENDS AND SUPPORTERS WHO RESCUED THE STATE MUSEUM AND CONTINUE TO PROTECT AND STRENGTHEN IT FOR NEBRASKA’S FUTURE UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA STATE MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY 1871- PRESENT MISSION –revised and approved in 2006 • Promote discovery in natural science through: • research • scientific collections • learner‐centered education • public exhibitions. • Collect and preserve organisms, fossils and artifacts: • to foster scientific understanding and interpretation of Earth’s past, present and future. • Enhance stewardship of the natural and cultural heritage of Nebraska • Recruit and mentor future scientists and educators: • Promoting scientific literacy • Stimulating curiosity and discovery of our natural world and heritage of diverse cultures A LAND GRANT UNIVERSITY’S PUBLIC MUSEUM some historical background with thanks to George Corner, Collection Manager of Vertebrate Paleontology and Museum historian AMERICA’S FIRST PUBLIC MUSEUM 25 cents in 1800 = $3.32 in 2012 dollars Etching by C. W. Peale , 1788. Museum ticket. Mr. Peales̓ Museum: Charles Willson Peale and the first popular museum of natural science and art CURTAIN COVERS THE MASTODON’S TUSKS first public natural history museum in U.S., on the second floor of Independence Hall Philadelphia first painted habitat dioramas housed some of the Lewis and Clark Expedition’s Collection (it later went bankrupt) MASTODON TOOTH Charles Willson Peale (1741‐1827) The Artist in His Museum (self portrait), 1822 (Philadelphia Academy of Fine Arts) Charles Willson Peale (1741‐1827) Self‐portrait 1824 at age 83, with the mastodon bone he The Artist in his Museum (detail with excavated in New York mastodon jaw and leg bone http://www.nyhistory.org/node/25161 http://www.amphilsoc.org/exhibits/treasures/images/peale.jpg family museum membership card 182‐ Wonder at the “mammoth” Excavation of Peale’s mastodon Peale‘s mastodon purchased in 1854 by Grand Duke of Hesse; lost for 100 years, now back in a public museum in Darmstadt http://www.hlmd.de/w3.php?nodeId=451 mammoth tooth Lancaster County NE “ARCHIE” Nebraska elephants http://www.museum.unl.edu/research/vertpaleo/NECounties/Lancaster.html mammoth teeth ‐‐ “grazers” “washboard” flat chewing surface abrasive grass with silica mastodon tooth browsers ate leaves on shrubs, trees http://www.paleoclones.com/mammals/mammoth.htm Peale’s Mastodon: The Skeleton in our Closet by Paul Semonin (2004) Fig. 3. Alexander Anderson’s drawing of the "New York Mammoth," ca. 1802 Fig. 4. Drawing of mammoth and elephant Édouard de Montulé’s drawing of Peale’s skulls from Rembrandt Peale, "On the differences mastodon skeleton, 1816 which exist between the Herds of the Mammoth and 'Elephant,'" Philosophical Magazine 14 (1803). Courtesy of the American Philosophical Society. http://www.common‐place.org/vol‐04/no‐02/semonin/ LET’S SEE, WHERE DOES IT GO? WHICH WAY UP? WITH ONLY THE SPIRAL TEETH AND NO FOSSILS OF THE BODY PARTS, A.P. Karpinski suggested multiple hypotheses in 1899 http://www.wired.com/wiredscience/2011/03/unraveling‐the‐nature‐of‐the‐whorl‐toothed‐ shark http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1463‐6395.2008.00353.x/pdf our curators asked that the snout be shortened on the basis of the latest fossil evidence A WALK THROUGH TIME MORRILL HALL Artist: Gary Staab (used Lebedev Exhibit funded by the reconstruction 2009) Theodore F. and Claire M. Hubbard Family Foundation of Omaha. IMPACTS ON INDIVIDUAL LIVES MORRILL ACT OF 1862 ACCESSIBILITY TO HIGHER EDUCATION my grandfather Perkins (son of the co‐owner of a small lumber store who didn’t go to college and didn’t own a house) enrolled at 17 as a freshman at the new Morrill land‐grant University of California. Geology field trip to Yosemite with Prof. Le Conte, a refugee from South Carolina. Photo August 2, 1870 Photo courtesy of Bancroft Library, University of California Berkeley # PH1‐034840 the university was "being made into a perfect asylum for ex‐rebel professors“ –J. B. Cooper 1869 Co‐founders of the Sierra Club in 1892 LeConte acquired collections now in the University of California Museum of Paleontology Muir described LeConte as riding with loose, dangling rein, allowing his horse to go as it liked ....keeping up running all‐day lectures, “as if trying to be the tongue of every object in sight… In the evenings at the campfire LeConte talked on the lessons of the day, blending art, science, and philosophy with whatever we had seen.” http://www.sierraclub.org/education/leconte/friendship/index.html “I have just returned from a ten days ramble with Prof. LeConte and his students in the beyond, and oh we have had a most glorious season of terrestrial grace” ‐‐ John Muir in another letter John Muir letter to LeConte “new data concerning the depth of the Tuolumne Glacier and concerning the numerous rocks of this constant shape.” http://www.sierraclub.org/education/leconte/friendship/leconte8.html The next year 1871 The University “Cabinet” established by the University of Nebraska Board of Regents in their first meeting to the next generations… 1874 BESSEY HERBARIUM 2009 Iowa State MORRILL HALLS 2007 2005 University of Vermont University of Minnesota ©José Francisco Salgado, PhD Cornell University of Maryland http://www.arboretum.umd.edu/sitepages/discover/trees.aspx http://wwhttp://www.arboretum.umd.edu/sitepages/discover/trees.aspxw.uvm.edu/~hp206/2011/siteshttp://www.flickr.com/photos/josefranciscosalgado/2658175517/ http://linguistics.cornell.edu/graduate/index.cfm http://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8/13.html C%8C%EC%9D%BC:MSU_Morrill_Hall.jpg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ISU_Morrill_Hall.jpg http://historicbuildings.unl.edu/people.php?peopleID=24&cid=10 PUBLIC‐PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP Nebraska’s Morrill 1843–1928 Charles Henry Morrill (1918) Charles Morrill arrived in Nebraska in 1871, an impoverished young farmer. He personally paid for the Museum’s paleontological expeditions starting in 1892, http://libxml1a.unl.edu/nebraskau/xslt/xslt.php?&_xmlsrc=http://libxml1a.unl.edu/nebraska u/unl.00023/unl.0when no0023.05.xml&_xslsrc=h other fundsttp://libxml1a.unl.edu/nebraskau/xslt/unlhistory.xsl were available. http://kaseylee.wordpress.com/ New American Museums Visitors to the new Field Museum of Natural History, Grant Park, Chicago, 1921. Photographer: Charles Carpenter. Morrill Hall, April 15, 1927 http://libxml1a.unl.edu/nebraskau/xslt/xslt.php?&_xmlsrc=http://libxml1a.unl.edu/nebraska u/unl.00023/unl.00023.09.xml&_xslsrc=http://libxml1a.unl.edu/nebraskau/xslt/unlhistory.xsl Ellery L. Davis (1887‐1956) Davis Design is the consultant for the 2013 cost estimate for our proposed facility to house the Museum’s wet collections (zoology and parasitology specimens preserved in alcohol) http://museum.unl.edu/140/history.html dinosaurs 3‐toed horse 1922‐1932 UNIVERSITY –STATE GOVERNMENT PARTNERSHIP http://capitol.org/files/dinosaurs.pdf Earth