Section 1 Promoting Global Warming Countermeasures Creating and Preserving a Beautiful and Ⅱ Chapter 8 Healthy Environment Chapter 8 Section 1 Promoting Global Warming Countermeasures a Beautiful and Healthy Environment and Preserving Creating 1 Implementing Global Warming Countermeasures At the 21st session of the Conference of the Parties to the Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP21) held in 2015, the Paris Agreement was adopted as a new international framework for reducing greenhouse gas emissions beginning in 2020, with participation by all countries. The agreement went into effect in November 2016, and Japan is a signatory nation. Based on the Paris Agreement, Japan adopted the Plan for Global Warming Countermeasures by a Cabinet decision in May 2016, and has committed to efforts toward the achievement of the mid-term objective to achieve a 26.0% decrease in the FY2013 level of greenhouse gases by FY2030, and as a long-term objective aims to reduce emissions 80% by 2050. The MLIT has committed to a wide array of policy development initiatives for achieving the mid-term objective based on this plan, including making housing and buildings more energy efficient, measures for individual vehicles, and the promotion of low-carbon urban development. In June 2018, the Bill to Partially Amend the Act on Rationalizing Energy Use, which includes provisions for certify- ing energy-saving efforts through the collaboration of multiple transport operators and allowing corporations to allocate used energy among themselves and report regularly, was promulgated, and entered into effect in December 2018. In addition, we are working toward the promotion of adaptation measures based on the Climate Change Adaptation Plan (devised in November 2015), which was partially amended in November 2018, to counter the effects of climate change. Figure II-8-1-1 Examples of MLIT Efforts in the Plan for Global Warming Countermeasures Japanese government’s overall CO , etc., 2 Examples of MLIT Efforts in the Plan for Global Warming Countermeasures emissions reduction targets for FY2030 *These are only a portion of the efforts the MLIT is making in each sector. -26.0% from FY2013 (-25.4% from FY2005) ○Making buildings energy efcient Individual Sector Emissions of Carbon Dioxide as an Energy Source Promotion of obligation to comply with energy efciency standards in new buildings, repair of existing buildings, etc. (1 million tons) - Required energy efciency standards compliance rates in new buildings (oor area of 2,000 m2 or more) From 93% in FY2013 to 100% in FY2030 FY2030 FY2013 (Reference) - Percentage of building stock that satises energy efciency standards Emissions Target (FY2005) Reduction Rate From 23% in FY2013 to 39% in FY2030 Industrial 401 429 (457) -6.5 ○Promotion of energy efciency and creation methods in sewage systems High-efciency ％ Insulated window air conditioning units ○Low-carbon urban development via thermal environment sashes/glass Business, 168 279 (239) -39.9 improvement through heatisland countermeasures other ％ Making housing energy efcient ○ LED lighting Residential 122 201 (180) -39.3％ Promotion of compliance with energy efciency standards in new houses, repair of existing houses, etc. High-efciency hot water Transportation 163 225 (240) -27.6％ - Percentage of new houses that comply with energy efciency standards supply systems From 52% in FY2013 to 100% in FY2030 Energy 73 101 (104) -27.7％ - Percentage of housing stock that satises energy efciency standards conversion From 6% in FY2013 to 30% in FY2030 Total 927 1,235 (1,219) -24.9％ ○Diffusion of next-generation automobiles, improvement of fuel efciency Support for realization of world-class fuel efciency performance, adoption of next-generation automobiles, etc. *“Greenhouse gases” refers to non-energy source CO , nitrous oxide, 2 - Average fuel efciency of privately owned vehicles: From 14.6 km/L in FY2013 to 24.8 km/L in FY2030 methane and others in addition to the energy source CO2 described previously. The overall greenhouse gas reduction target is -26.0%. - Percentage of next-generation automobiles out of the total number of new cars sold: From 23.2% in FY2013 to 50%-70% in FY2030 (Other MLIT Efforts) ○Promotion of trafc ow improvement ○Promotion of low-carbon urban development (cross-sector measure) ○Promotion of the use of public transportation ○Streamlining/modal shift of logistics ○Reduction of CO2 emissions from construction machinery (industrial sector) Improvement of energy efciency in rail, Installation of small hydraulic power generation facilities, etc. (energy conversion sector) ○ ○ ocean and air transport ○Enhancing incineration at sewage sludge incineration facilities, etc. (nitrous oxide) FC (Fuel Cell) bus Micro mobility CNG truck ○Promotion of urban greening, etc. (CO2 sink measures), etc. Source) MLIT WHITE PAPER ON LAND, INFRASTRUCTURE, TRANSPORT AND TOURISM IN JAPAN 2019 181 国土2019 英語版_08.indd 181 2019/12/11 9:32:43 Section 1 Promoting Global Warming Countermeasures 2 Promoting Global Warming Countermeasures (Mitigation Measures) Ⅱ (1) Promoting Low-carbon City Development Chapter 8 In urban areas with a considerable concentration of human residents and buildings, low-carbon urban development plans produced by municipalities according to the “The Low- Carbon City Act” have been put into place from the standpoint of the desire to advance “low-carbon urban development” in accordance with consolidating urban functions, promoting the use of public transit in connection with this consolidation, and promoting green conservation and greening Creating and Preserving a Beautiful and Healthy Environment and Preserving Creating initiatives. Low-carbon urban development plans based on this law had been created in 24 cities as of the end of FY2018. Low-carbon urban development is being promoted through various special legal measures and tax programs for initia- tives under such plans, as well as by other financial measures. (2) Promoting the Development, Distribution and Optimal Utilization of Environment-friendly Vehicles (i) Improving mileage of vehicles Based on the Law Concerning the Rational Use of Energy (Energy Saving Act), we are formulating fuel efficiency standards and the like, and are striving to improve the fuel efficiency performance of automobiles. Fuel efficiency stan- dards for next-generation passenger cars have been studied by the Automobile Fuel Efficiency Standards Subcommittee (a subcommittee of the Transportation Policy Council) since March 2018. (ii) Framework for promoting improvements in fuel efciency To make it easier for consumers to identify and select vehicles that offer exceptional performance in terms of fuel efficiency, we have required automobile manufacturers and others to publish fuel efficiency information in their catalogs, and a program for evaluating and publicizing performance in terms of the fuel efficiency of automobiles is being run. Stickers are affixed to vehicles to allow consumers to easily understand fuel performance in terms of fuel efficiency. (iii) Promoting the dissemination of environmentally friendly vehicles We are implementing tax breaks through tax reductions for eco-cars and the green tax system to promote the spread of automobiles that offer superior environmental performance. In the FY2019 revision to the taxation system, reviews of the reduction rate were performed for eco-car tax reductions, and the application period for such reductions was extended. Special measures to promote green transport were also extended in their current state for two years. Note In addition, subsidies are being granted to truck and bus business operators for the acquisition of CNG automobiles Note 1, hybrid vehicles, and advanced environmental diesel trucks. For ultra-lightweight vehicles, in May 2018, the Working Group for the Harmony of Ultra-Lightweight Vehicles with the Community, comprising specialists, formulated a road- map aimed at the full-scale spread and mass production of such vehicles, and compiled concrete measures for the future. (iv) Development, application, and creating a usage environment for next generation heavy vehicles Since FY2015, we have been pursuing scientific research to promote the development and commercialization of technologies related to high-efficiency, next-generation diesel engines and next-generation large-sized vehicles known as large-sized liquefied natural gas automobiles, from the standpoint of reducing carbon footprints and emissions, and have promoted initiatives toward the realization of this, including development of the necessary test methods. (v) Promoting and disseminating ecological driving MLIT has promoted holding symposiums and events all over the country in cooperation with the relevant ministries and agencies of the government and the District Transport Bureaus. We also worked on promoting and spreading ecolog- ical driving based on the “10 Reasons for Driving Ecologically.” Note 1 Compressed Natural Gas Vehicles (Natural Gas Automobiles) 182 WHITE PAPER ON LAND, INFRASTRUCTURE, TRANSPORT AND TOURISM IN JAPAN 2019 国土2019 英語版_08.indd 182 2019/12/11 9:32:43 Section 1 Promoting Global Warming Countermeasures (3) Promotion of Trafc Flow Improvement Various traffic flow measures are being tried, since improving the driving speed by smoothing the traffic flow will Ⅱ improve the actual as mileage rate and decrease the carbon dioxide emissions from automobiles. Specifically, we are developing ring roads and other arterial road networks that are effective in reducing through-traffic in the urban center Chapter