Happy Birthday (Oct 28, 1998) DMCA! DMCA: The good, the bad, the ugly? Blogs, search engines, e-commerce sites, video and Notice and take down for copyright infringement social-networking portals are thriving today thanks in http://www.ivanhoffman.com/dmca.html large part to the notice-and-takedown regime ushered http://www.chillingeffects.org/dmca512/faq.cgi in by the much-maligned copyright overhaul. A decade ago, when the DMCA was enacted, these To submit a takedown notice, provide: innovations were unheard of, embryonic or not yet Complainant: name, address, e-signature conceived. Now, Google has grown into one of the Where are the infringing materials? Ref/link/id world's largest companies, and its video-sharing site Statement: no legal basis for use of materials YouTube has left an enduring mark on public Statement: act on behalf of copyright holder discourse. http://blog.wired.com/27bstroke6/2008/10/ten-years-later.html CPS 82, Fall 2008 14.1 CPS 82, Fall 2008 14.2 DMCA and chilling effects Jon Lech Johansen Dmitry Sklyarov, Elcomsoft, 2001 DeCSS Arrested? Conference? How does DVD encryption work? Ed Felten, SDMI, 2001 What is GPL issue with original code? RIAA urges reconsideration Brute force attack on 40-bit key beyond DeCSS http://www.cs.princeton.edu/~prc/Parodies.html Alex Halderman, Sony rootkit Apple, iTunes, Fairplay, DRM Digital Rights Management Ben Edelman and CIPA (children’s internet iPhone protection act) Hacker Jon Research, tools, distribution, “just sue” CPS 82, Fall 2008 14.3 CPS 82, Fall 2008 14.4 P2P: origins and current state Napster, copyright, law Shawn Fanning Napster was centralized, file-sharing/p2p Napster, 1998-99 Why was it centralized? Under 20, mp3, … What did centralization mean? Where are files? Centralized server Rupture, EA $15 million Napster started just after DMCA, court cases new Justin Frankel A&M Records, Inc. v. Napster, Inc. Winamp, 98-99 Direct, contributory, vicarious infringement What about Grokster? See http://www.grokster.com Just 20, mp3, … AOL, $50+ million Microsoft, RIAA, Mark Cuban, … Unanimous Supreme court, but Universal v Sony Gnutella CPS 82, Fall 2008 14.5 CPS 82, Fall 2008 14.6 Gnutella and distributed, p2p software Bittorrent Originally a software package, pulled by AOL Started by Bram Cohen, http://bitconjurer.org Protocol used in Limewire, 40% of p2p today? Distributed p2p Soon to die? (Lawmeme) Meta-data, torrent, tracker All clients are equal, but some are more equal You must cooperate to download than others, e.g., supernodes 20-30% of all Internet traffic “Bad actors” can affect the network, an actor is a Files are split up and downloaded in pieces client, e.g., Xolox in 2002, others today? “bandwidth-hog/bandit” Advantages? Disadvantages? Seeder, swarm, clients Bittorrent, eDonkey, Kazaa, … “optimistic unchoking” compared to tit-for-tat Why do we have different protocols/programs? CPS 82, Fall 2008 14.7 CPS 82, Fall 2008 14.8 Brian Fox Bittorrent meets DMCA and RIAA GNU Bash Shell (developer) Indirect Swarm detection Buddycast (co-developer) In swarm? Liable “each person has a sweet spot — a NAT, other IP address place where they are incredibly productive and at their happiest “in-the-wild” experiment while doing so — okorians spend their lives living there — the okori False positives sweet spot is the realization of the concept, the delivery of the Direct harder impossible, from the germ of the Man-in-the-middle idea to the instantiation of it” No Encryption http://www.theokorigroup.com/sweet_spot CPS 82, Fall 2008 14.9 CPS 82, Fall 2008 14.10 .