VERRACON VERKEHR ERREICHBARKEIT RAUM CONSULTING DANUBE-BLACK SEA COOPERATION Baseline study Contracted by: ecoplus. Niederösterreichs Wirtschaftsagentur GmbH Niederösterreichring 2, Haus A, 3109 St.Pölten Version 02, 2/26/2015 VERRACON GmbH | A 1010 Wien | Eschenbachstraße 11 | [email protected] | www.verracon.at Inhalt 2 VERRACON CONTENT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................................................. 5 1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................... 7 1.1 Background ....................................................................................................................................... 7 1.2 Project area ....................................................................................................................................... 8 1.3 Objectives ......................................................................................................................................... 9 1.4 Methodology .................................................................................................................................... 9 2 ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ............................................................................................................... 11 2.1 Economic development and employment ...................................................................................... 11 2.2 International trade.......................................................................................................................... 13 2.2.1 Austrian foreign direct investment ............................................................................................ 13 2.2.2 Austrian imports and exports ..................................................................................................... 14 2.2.3 Austrian imports and exports via European sea ports ............................................................... 18 2.2.4 Bulgaria and Romania: Imports and exports .............................................................................. 20 2.3 Modal split of freight traffic ............................................................................................................ 23 2.3.1 Rail .............................................................................................................................................. 23 2.3.2 Road............................................................................................................................................ 23 2.3.3 Inland waterways ....................................................................................................................... 24 2.4 Conclusion and SWOT ..................................................................................................................... 25 2.4.1 Bulgaria ....................................................................................................................................... 26 2.4.2 Romania...................................................................................................................................... 26 3 PORTS OF THE MULTI-PORT-GATEWAY REGION BLACK SEA WEST .................................................... 28 3.1 Port of Odessa ................................................................................................................................ 30 3.2 Port of Illichivsk ............................................................................................................................... 33 3.3 Port of Galati ................................................................................................................................... 36 3.4 Port of Constanta ............................................................................................................................ 40 3.5 Port of Varna ................................................................................................................................... 44 3.6 Port of Burgas ................................................................................................................................. 47 3.7 SWOT and Summary ....................................................................................................................... 49 4 TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM OF THE DANUBE-BLACK SEA REGION ..................................................... 54 4.1 Rhine-Danube Corridor ................................................................................................................... 55 4.1.1 Route and development status .................................................................................................. 55 4.1.2 Missing Links and bottlenecks .................................................................................................... 59 4.1.3 Major corridor projects .............................................................................................................. 66 4.1.4 Reflection in the national development plans ........................................................................... 68 4.2 Orient/East-Med Corridor............................................................................................................... 69 4.2.1 Route and development status .................................................................................................. 69 4.2.2 Missing Links and bottlenecks .................................................................................................... 70 © VERRACON 2014 Danube-Black Sea Cooperation | Baseline Study 3 4.2.3 Major corridor projects ................................................................VERRA................................CON.............. 72 4.2.4 Reflection in the national development plans ........................................................................... 73 4.3 Cross-border Connections within the black sea region .................................................................. 75 4.4 Euro-Asian transport Linkages ........................................................................................................ 79 4.4.1 Maritime and combined transport linkages ............................................................................... 79 4.4.2 Continental Rail Linkages............................................................................................................ 86 4.5 Summary and SWOT ....................................................................................................................... 90 5 GOOD PRACTICE NAPA ...................................................................................................................... 93 5.1 NAPA: Ports description.................................................................................................................. 94 5.1.1 Luka Koper – Port of Koper ........................................................................................................ 94 5.1.2 Trieste Port Authority ................................................................................................................. 94 5.1.3 Venice Port Authority ................................................................................................................. 95 5.1.4 Rijeka Port Authority .................................................................................................................. 95 5.2 Hinterland connections .................................................................................................................. 95 5.3 Hinterland markets/connectivity & modal split ............................................................................. 96 5.4 Port development plans ................................................................................................................. 97 5.4.1 Port of Venice ............................................................................................................................. 97 5.4.2 Port of Rijeka .............................................................................................................................. 98 5.4.3 Port of Koper .............................................................................................................................. 98 5.4.4 Port of Trieste ............................................................................................................................. 99 5.5 NAPA vs. WBSP ............................................................................................................................... 99 6 RECOMMENDATIONS ...................................................................................................................... 101 6.1 Economic development ................................................................................................................ 101 6.2 Transport system development .................................................................................................... 102 6.3 Port cooperation ........................................................................................................................... 103 7 FUNDING OPTIONS ......................................................................................................................... 104 7.1 European Strategy for the Danube region (EUSDR) ..................................................................... 104 7.1.1 Priority Areas (PAs) 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