HEATHLAND WIND FARM TECHNICAL APPENDIX 7.1 ARCHAEOLOGICAL DESK-BASED ASSESSMENT CULTURAL HERITAGE REPORT NUMBER: 20138 JANUARY 2021 Prepared By: Arcus Consultancy Services 7th Floor 144 West George Street Glasgow G2 2HG T +44 (0)141 221 9997 l E [email protected] w www.arcusconsulting.co.uk Registered in England & Wales No. 5644976 EDF-R Arcus Consultancy Services January 2021 Desk-based Assessment Heathland Wind Farm TABLE OF CONTENTS DATA ENTRY FORM .............................................................................................................. 1 SUMMARY .............................................................................................................................. I 1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................ 1 1.1 The Development ........................................................................................... 1 1.2 Study Areas .................................................................................................... 1 2 LEGISLATION, POLICY AND GUIDANCE .................................................................... 1 3 AIMS, METHODOLOGY AND SOURCES ...................................................................... 5 3.1 Aims ................................................................................................................ 5 3.2 Methodology ................................................................................................... 5 4 RESULTS .................................................................................................................... 6 4.1 Core Study Area Description .......................................................................... 6 4.2 Core Study Area and 1km Study Area ............................................................ 7 4.3 Designated Heritage Assets within the 15km Study Area ........................... 10 5 BASELINE INTERPRETATION .................................................................................. 11 5.1 The Prehistoric Period .................................................................................. 11 5.2 Early Medieval to Medieval Period ............................................................... 11 5.3 Post-Medieval Period ................................................................................... 11 5.4 Modern Era ................................................................................................... 12 6 ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL POTENTIAL ................................................. 12 6.1 Archaeological Potential............................................................................... 12 6.2 Potential Impact from the Development ..................................................... 13 7 CONCLUSION ........................................................................................................... 13 8 GAZETTEER OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES ............................................................... 15 8.1 Designated Assets within 1 km .................................................................... 15 8.2 Non-Designated Assets within 1 km ............................................................ 15 9 PLATES .................................................................................................................... 36 10 FIGURES .................................................................................................................. 39 EDF-R Arcus Consultancy Services January 2021 Desk-based Assessment Heathland Wind Farm EDF-R Arcus Consultancy Services January 2021 Desk-based Assessment Heathland Wind Farm DATA ENTRY FORM PROJECT INFORMATION Project title Heathland Wind Farm Description Wind farm development and ancillary infrastructure Report Desk Based Assessment and Walkover Survey Contractor name Arcus Consultancy Services Ltd. Client Heathland Windfarm Partnership LLP (EDF Renewables) SITE LOCATION INFORMATION Council West Lothian Council and South Lanarkshire Council Area 831 hectares Grid References 294922, 656994 PROJECT BIBLIOGRAPHY Type of publication Unpublished document/manuscript Title Heathland Wind Farm Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment Author Olivia Watt Date September 2020 EDF-R Arcus Consultancy Services January 2021 Desk-based Assessment Heathland Wind Farm SUMMARY An archaeological desk-based assessment has been undertaken by Arcus Consultancy Services Limited (‘Arcus’) on behalf of Heathland Windfarm Partnership LLP (the Applicant) for land located 1.5 km north-east of Forth in South Lanarkshire and 2.5 km south of Breich in West Lothian. The purpose of this archaeological Desk-Based Assessment (DBA) is to establish the known or potential archaeological resource baseline and inform the design for the proposed Heathland Wind Farm (herein referred to as ‘the Development’). The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) utilises the baseline within this DBA to fully assess any potential effect to archaeological resource within Chapter 7. For the purposes of this DBA, the Core Study Area (CSA) includes the site boundary (‘the Site’) and covers approximately 831 hectares (ha), with the extents and location shown on Figure 1. This CSA consists primarily of commercial forestry plantation. The CSA is the area in which direct and indirect effects to archaeology may occur and is used to inform the potential direct effects to archaeology. A 1 km study area, forming a 1 km radius around the CSA, was used to aid the assessment of potential unknown archaeology. The 15 km Study Area was used to identify assets which have the potential to receive a change to their setting as a result of the Development. The data collection exercise identified a total of one Scheduled Monument and 29 non- designated heritage features within the CSA. These primarily consisted of coal mining related activities including: coal pits, former shafts and mines alongside other post- medieval industrial activity including oil works. These were identified through analysis of the Historic Environment Record (HER) and Canmore records, the cartographic record, and the photographic record. A further 16 heritage features were identified within the wider 1 km study area including two Scheduled Monuments and 14 HER features which predominately date to post-medieval mining activities. Within the CSA, there are two prehistoric features: a flint arrowhead (HER 10807), and a flint scatter including an arrowhead (HER 10809). The flint scatter (HER 10809) has the potential to indicate a settlement or knapping area nearby however there is no further recorded evidence of this. A review of known prehistoric settlements outwith the study areas indicate permanent settlements were at a slightly lower elevation which were less exposed than the CSA. Whilst the two prehistoric features have a high significance and high archaeological potential, the potential for intact subsurface deposits of significance to survive is considered to be lowered due to commercial forestry operations. The archaeological potential for unknown prehistoric features to exist within the CSA is therefore considered moderate. There is little known for the early to medieval period within the immediate area of the CSA due to the lack of features identified for this period within the 1 km Study Area. The archaeological potential is considered very low to encounter unknown archaeological deposits of significance. From the late 1700s, the area saw an industrial boom or what has been coined as ‘oil- mania’ resulting in the opening of oil works, coal mines and settlement infrastructure for the accompanying workforce by several different businessmen. Due to there being good cartographic coverage of the area during this period and many of these archaeological features surviving within the landscape, the archaeological potential to encounter unknown archaeological features of this period is considered low. In conclusion, due to there being very low to moderate potential for further unknown significant archaeological remains within the CSA, it is proposed that avoidance of known or potential archaeological features and sites is undertaken during finalisation of site design. Depending on the final design, mitigation may be appropriate to address the archaeological potential, most notably the prehistoric potential around Worm Law. EDF-R Arcus Consultancy Services January 2021 Page i Desk-based Assessment Heathland Wind Farm There also the potential for the Development to result in changes to setting of designated heritage assets within the CSA and up to 15 km from the centre of the CSA. Consideration of indirect effects will be reported on fully in the EIA Report, taking into account the way in which the Development may affect the setting of nationally important sites. Arcus Consultancy Services EDF-R Page ii January 2021 Desk-based Assessment Heathland Wind Farm 1 INTRODUCTION An archaeological desk-based assessment has been undertaken by Arcus Consultancy Services Limited ('Arcus') on behalf of Heathland Windfarm Partnership LLP (the Applicant) for land located 1.5 km north-east of Forth in South Lanarkshire and 2.5 km south of Breich in West Lothian. The purpose of this archaeological Desk-Based Assessment (DBA) is to establish the known or potential archaeological resource baseline and provide design advice for the proposed Heathland Wind Farm (the Development). An Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) will utilise the baseline within this DBA to full assess any potential effect to archaeological