Issue 1 2020 Volume 16 The Journal on Advanced Studies in Theoretical and Experimental Physics, including Related Themes from Mathematics PROGRESS IN PHYSICS “All scientists shall have the right to present their scientific research results, in whole or in part, at relevant scientific conferences, and to publish the same in printed scientific journals, electronic archives, and any other media.” — Declaration of Academic Freedom, Article 8 ISSN 1555-5534 The Journal on Advanced Studies in Theoretical and Experimental Physics, including Related Themes from Mathematics PROGRESS IN PHYSICS A quarterly issue scientific journal, registered with the Library of Congress (DC, USA). This journal is peer reviewed and included in the abstracting and indexing coverage of: Mathematical Reviews and MathSciNet (AMS, USA), DOAJ of Lund University (Sweden), Scientific Commons of the University of St. Gallen (Switzerland), Open-J-Gate (India), Referativnyi Zhurnal VINITI (Russia), etc. Electronic version of this journal: http://www.ptep-online.com Advisory Board Dmitri Rabounski, Editor-in-Chief, Founder Florentin Smarandache, Associate Editor, Founder April 2020 Vol. 16, Issue 1 Larissa Borissova, Associate Editor, Founder Editorial Board CONTENTS Pierre Millette [email protected] Dorda G. The Interpretation of the Hubble-Effect and of Human Vision Based on the Andreas Ries Differentiated Structure of Space . .3 [email protected] Tselnik F. Predictability Is Fundamental . .10 Gunn Quznetsov [email protected] Dorda G. The Interpretation of Sound on the Basis of the Differentiated Structure of Ebenezer Chifu Three-Dimensional Space . 15 [email protected] Nyambuya G. G. A Pedestrian Derivation of Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle on Stochastic Phase-Space . 20 Postal Address Essen´ H. Department of Mathematics and Science, Magnetic Energy, Superconductivity, and Dark Matter . 29 University of New Mexico, Czerwinski A. Quantum State Tomography for Qutrits Subject to Laser Cooling . 33 705 Gurley Ave., Gallup, NM 87301, USA Yepez´ O. Can the Nuclear Liquid Drop Model Be Improved? . 38 Copyright c Progress in Physics, 2020 Khalaf A. M., El-Shal A. O., Taha M. M., El-Sayed M. A. Properties of Superde- All rights reserved. The authors of the ar- formed Rotational Bands in the Perturbed SU(3) Limit of the sdg Interacting ticles do hereby grant Progress in Physics Boson Model . 43 non-exclusive, worldwide, royalty-free li- Greaves E. D., Bracho C., Mikoss I. A Solution to the Flyby Anomaly Riddle . .49 cense to publish and distribute the articles in accordance with the Budapest Open Initia- Belyakov A. V. 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Consideration and review process does not require any payment from the side of the submitters. Nevertheless the authors of accepted papers are requested to pay the page charges. Progress in Physics is a non-profit/academic journal: money collected from the authors cover the cost of printing and distribution of the annual volumes of the journal along the major academic/university libraries of the world. (Look for the current author fee in the online version of Progress in Physics.) Issue 1 (April) PROGRESS IN PHYSICS Volume 16 (2020) The Interpretation of the Hubble-Effect and of Human Vision Based on the Differentiated Structure of Space Gerhard Dorda Institute of Physics, University of Armed Forces Muenchen, Werner-Heisenberg-Weg 39, 85577 Neubiberg, Germany. E-mail: [email protected] Based on the differentiated structure of space, observed by the Quantum-Hall-Effect, a comprehensive equation is presented for the description of the Hubble-Effect. This Hubble-Effect equation reflects the experimental observation showing a casual connec- tion to the Hubble time TU and thus to the cosmic length LU and the cosmic mass MU. The obtained results are substantiated by the cosmic background radiation and by the agreement of the derived data with the experimental data of the Milky Way. It is shown that the differentiated structure of space, used for the description of the Hubble-Effect, also refers to the process of human vision, dominating the observation. 1 Introduction the interaction of the electron charges. The experimental ob- servation of the possibility to split up electromagnetism in After the discovery of the Quantum-Hall-Effect (QHE) and a 2-D and a 1-D state will be described by the “differenti- the associated exceptional side effects [1], it proved to be nec- ated structure of the space” [3]. Analyzing all these novel essary to re-evaluate many physical and biological phenom- experimental insights allowed to deliver convincing physical ena, e.g. the interpretation of the Hubble-Effect (HE) and, of answers, for example Lee Smolin’s book The Trouble with the basis of it, even the process of human vision, referring Physics posed fundamental and unsolved questions [4], in to the differentiated structure of space. The differentiated particular also about the category of time [3]. structure of the three-dimensional space was first observed The description of space and time, i.e. frequency, based at the analysis of the experimental data of the QHE, which on the QHE, leads to the notion that also open questions in was discovered in 1980 by K. von Klitzing based on MOS- astronomy and cosmology could be answered with the help of field-effect transistors. the observations of the QHE. This, for example, includes the The QHE is the first experimental observation of quanti- question about cosmic expansion, which, on the basis of the zation in the macroscopic scale in solid-state physics. Only interpretation of the Hubble-Effect (HE), generated a vivid gradually, the fundamental importance of this discovery and discussion, leading to the unfolding of several cosmic models, of all with this discovery connected spectacular experimental but without final solutions [5,6]. Therefore, in this work, it is observations became apparent for the entire range of physics. attempted to explore the experimental data of the HE on the In the first instance, it was the observation of the QHE on basis of the so-called differentiated structure of space [3].