HigherEducation Regionalin and City Development Higher Education in Regional and City Development Bío Bío Region, Chile Higher Education in Regional and City The Bío Bío Region has pioneered regional development in Chile. It has a high concentration of higher education and research activity. Its universities and other Development higher education institutions have made significant progress in widening access to education. But challenges remain: the Bío Bío Region continues to suffer from brain Bío Bío Region, Chile drain as well as higher than average unemployment and poverty rates. How can the Bío Bío Region promote new business formation and the development of the existing small and medium-sized companies? What incentives are needed to improve higher education institutions’ regional and local orientation? How can higher education institutions move from knowledge generation towards knowledge transfer? This joint OECD and World Bank review explores a range of helpful policy measures and institutional reforms to mobilise higher education for the development of the Bío Bío Region. It is part of the series of the OECD reviews of Higher Education in Regional and City Development. These reviews help mobilise higher education institutions for economic, social and cultural development of cities and regions. They analyse how the higher education system impacts upon regional and local development and bring together universities, other higher education institutions and public and private agencies to identify strategic goals and to work towards them. Bío Bío Region, Bío Chile Bío The full text of this book is available on line via these links: www.sourceoecd.org/regionaldevelopment/9789264088931 www.sourceoecd.org/education/9789264088931 Those with access to all OECD books on line should use this link: www.sourceoecd.org/9789264088931 SourceOECD is the OECD’s online library of books, periodicals and statistical databases. For more information about this award-winning service and free trials, ask your librarian, or write to us at [email protected]. 89 2010 06 1 E www.oecd.org/publishing Higher Education in Regional and City Development Higher Education in Regional and City Development Bío Bío Region, Bío Bío Region, Chile Chile 2010 2010 ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT AND DEVELOPMENT The OECD is a unique forum where governments work together to address the economic, The OECD is a unique forum where governments work together to address the economic, social and environmental challenges of globalisation. The OECD is also at the forefront of efforts social and environmental challenges of globalisation. The OECD is also at the forefront of efforts to understand and to help governments respond to new developments and concerns, such as to understand and to help governments respond to new developments and concerns, such as corporate governance, the information economy and the challenges of an ageing population. corporate governance, the information economy and the challenges of an ageing population. The Organisation provides a setting where governments can compare policy experiences, seek The Organisation provides a setting where governments can compare policy experiences, seek answers to common problems, identify good practice and work to co-ordinate domestic and answers to common problems, identify good practice and work to co-ordinate domestic and international policies. international policies. The OECD member countries are: Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Chile, the The OECD member countries are: Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Chile, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Korea, Luxembourg, Mexico, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Italy, Japan, Korea, Luxembourg, Mexico, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, the Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, the United Kingdom and the Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, the United Kingdom and the United States. The European Commission takes part in the work of the OECD. the United States. The European Commission takes part in the work of the OECD. 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The World Bank is not a bank in the common sense, but a group of 5 development institutions, owned by 185 member countries, playing a different but collaborative role to help institutions, owned by 185 member countries, playing a different but collaborative role to help developing countries reduce poverty, increase economic growth and improve their quality of life. developing countries reduce poverty, increase economic growth and improve their quality of life. In particular, the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) focuses on middle In particular, the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) focuses on middle income and creditworthy poor countries, while the International Development Association (IDA) income and creditworthy poor countries, while the International Development Association (IDA) focuses on the poorest countries in the world. Together they provide low interest loans, interest-free focuses on the poorest countries in the world. Together they provide low interest loans, interest-free credits and grants in support of education, health, public administration, infrastructure, financial and credits and grants in support of education, health, public administration, infrastructure, financial and private sector development, agriculture, and environmental and natural resource management. Since private sector development, agriculture, and environmental and natural resource management. Since its establishment IDA has provided credits and grants totaling USD 161 billion. In fiscal year 2008, its establishment IDA has provided credits and grants totaling USD 161 billion. In fiscal year 2008, IBRD provided loans equivalent to USD 13.4 billion and IDA credits equivalent to USD 11.2 billion. IBRD provided loans equivalent to USD 13.4 billion and IDA credits equivalent to USD 11.2 billion. This work is published on the responsibility of the Secretary-General of the OECD. The opinions This work is published on the responsibility of the Secretary-General of the OECD. The opinions expressed and arguments employed herein do not necessarily reflect the official views of the expressed and arguments employed herein do not necessarily reflect the official views of the Organisation, the Executive Directors of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/ Organisation, the Executive Directors of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/ The World Bank, or of the governments they represent. The World Bank, or of the governments they represent. ISBN 978-92-64-08893-1 (PDF) ISBN 978-92-64-08893-1 (PDF) Series: Higher Education in Regional and City Development Series: Higher Education in Regional and City Development ISSN 2218-3140 (online) ISSN 2218-3140 (online) Photo credits: Photo credits: Cover image design © Francisco Esquer Mares. Cover image design © Francisco Esquer Mares. Cover photo © José Linez Gonzáles. 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