Data manual accompanying \Assisted Reproductive Technologies in Europe. Towards Legal Coherence and Policy Recommendations" Patrick Pr¨ag Melinda C. Mills September 2015 Abstract This supplement provides the documentation for a country-level data set comprising 1) policy information and 2) information about norms and values regarding partnership, family, and childbearing, with a special fo- cus on assisted reproduction for forty mostly European countries. The data set draws on 1) policy reports from the International Federation of Fertility Societies (IFFS) Surveillance reports (1998{2013) and informa- tion collected from large-scale cross-national surveys|the European Val- ues Study (EVS), the World Values Survey (WVS), the Eurobarometer (EB), and the European Social Survey (ESS)|from 1981 onwards. This document provides basic descriptive statistics as well as methodological details such as question wording for the data set. Contents 1 Selection of countries 5 2 Policy information used 5 3 Survey data sets used 6 3.1 World Values Survey (1981{2014) and European Values Study (1981{2010) . 6 3.2 Eurobarometer 58.0 (2002) and Eurobarometer 73.1 (2010) . 7 3.3 European Social Survey Round 3 (2006{2007) rotating module: `The Timing of Life' . 7 4 Policy indicators 7 4.1 Mode of ART regulation . 7 4.2 Acceptance of unmarried couples for ART treatment . 8 4.3 Acceptance of singles for ART treatment . 10 4.4 Acceptance of lesbians for ART treatment . 10 4.5 Coverage of costs for ART treatment . 10 4.6 Availability of sperm donation in general . 10 4.7 Availability of sperm donation for IVF . 10 1 4.8 Availability of oocyte donation . 16 4.9 Availability of embryo donation . 16 4.10 Availability of IVF surrogacy . 16 4.11 Availability of non-anonymous gamete donation . 16 4.12 Availability of preimplantation genetic diagnosis . 16 4.13 Availability of aneuploidy screening . 22 4.14 Availability of oocyte cryopreservation . 22 4.15 Availability of embryo cryopreservation . 22 4.16 Availability of sex selection . 22 4.17 Availability of fetal reduction . 22 4.18 Availability of posthumous insemination . 28 5 Attitudes towards family over time 28 5.1 Child needs a home with father and mother (1981{2013) . 28 5.2 A woman has to have children to be fulfilled, 1981{2010 . 28 5.3 Marriage is an out-dated institution, 1981{2010 . 28 5.4 Acceptance of single motherhood, 1981{2010 . 32 5.5 Acceptance of homosexuals, 1989{2010 . 33 6 Attitudes towards childbearing|cross-sectional indicators 33 6.1 Acceptance of unmarried couples, 2005{2013 . 33 6.2 Homosexual couples should be able to adopt children, 2008{2010 34 6.3 It is a duty towards society to have children, 2008{2010 . 36 6.4 People should decide themselves to have children or not, 2008{2010 38 7 Attitudes to ART issues 38 7.1 IVF can be justified, 2008{2010 . 38 7.2 Support for PGD, 2002 . 39 7.3 Attitudes towards human embryos . 40 7.3.1 Therapeutic cloning, 2002 . 40 7.3.2 Moral status of human embryos, 2010 . 41 7.3.3 Acceptance of research involving human embryos I, 2010 . 41 7.3.4 Acceptance of research involving human embryos II, 2010 42 7.3.5 Acceptance of research involving human embryos III, 2010 43 8 Childbearing age norms 43 8.1 Ideal age to become a mother . 43 8.2 Ideal age to become a father . 44 8.3 Age at which it is too late to have a(nother child) for women . 45 8.4 Age at which it is too late to have a(nother child) for men . 47 9 Religion: Catholics, Protestants, and Orthodox Christians 47 10 Appendix 1: Cross-sectional descriptive figures 49 10.1 Percentage tend to agree `Child needs a home with father and mother' . 49 10.2 Percentage thinking that a woman needs children to be fulfilled . 52 10.3 Percentage not wanting homosexuals as neighbors . 55 10.4 Percentage agree `Marriage is an outdated institution' . 55 10.5 Percentage approving women choosing to be single mothers . 59 2 10.6 Religious denominations . 59 11 Appendix 2: Stata code used to create policy data set 68 12 Appendix 3: Stata code used to create survey data set 70 13 Appendix 4: Stata code used to merge both data sets 103 List of Figures 1 ART regulation across time and countries . 8 2 Acceptance of unmarried couples for ART treatment across time and countries . 9 3 Acceptance of singles for ART treatment across time and countries 11 4 Acceptance of lesbians for ART treatment across time and countries 12 5 Coverage of costs for ART treatment across time and countries . 13 6 Availability of sperm donation in general across time and countries 14 7 Availability of sperm donation for IVF across time and countries 15 8 Availability of oocyte donation across time and countries . 17 9 Availability of embryo donation across time and countries . 18 10 Availability of IVF surrogacy across time and countries . 19 11 Availability of non-anonymous gamete donation across time and countries . 20 12 Availability of preimplantation genetic diagnosis across time and countries . 21 13 Availability of aneuploidy screening across time and countries . 23 14 Availability of oocyte cryopreservation across time and countries 24 15 Availability of embryo cryopreservation across time and countries 25 16 Availability of sex selection across time and countries . 26 17 Availability of fetal reduction across time and countries . 27 18 Availability of posthumous insemination across time and countries 29 19 Percentage tend to agree `Child needs a home with father and mother,' EVS/WVS, 1981{2013 . 30 20 Percentage thinking that a woman needs children to be fulfilled, EVS/WVS, 1981{2013 . 31 21 Percentage agree `Marriage is an outdated institution,' EVS/WVS, 1981{2013 . 32 22 Percentage approving women choosing to be single mothers EVS/WVS, 1981{2013 . 34 23 Percentage not wanting homosexuals as neighbors, EVS/WVS, 1989{2013 . 35 24 Percentage not wanting unmarried couples as neighbors, EVS/WVS, 2005{2013 . 36 25 Percentage (strongly) agreeing `Homosexual couples should be able to adopt children,' EVS 2008{2010 . 37 26 Percentage (strongly) agreeing `It is a duty towards society to have children,' EVS 2008{2010 . 37 27 Percentage (strongly) agreeing `People should decide themselves to have children or not,' EVS 2008{2010 . 38 3 28 Justifiability of artificial insemination or IVF, EVS 2008{2010 . 39 29 Percentage supporting the testing of unborn babies for any serious diseases they might get in later life, Eurobarometer 58.0, 2002 . 40 30 Percentage supporting the cloning of embryos to help infertile couples have children, Eurobarometer 58.0, 2002 . 41 31 Percentage (tend to) disagree \Immediately after fertilisation the human embryo can already be considered to be a human being," Eurobarometer 73.1, 2010 . 42 32 Percentage (tend to) disagree \Research involving human em- bryos should be forbidden, even if this means that possible treat- ments are not made available to ill people," Eurobarometer 73.1, 2010 . 43 33 Percentage (tending to) agree \We have a duty to allow research that might lead to important new treatments, even when it in- volves the creation or use of human embryos," Eurobarometer 73.1, 2010 . 44 34 Percentage (tend to) disagree \It is ethically wrong to use human embryos in medical research even if it might offer promising new medical treatments," Eurobarometer 73.1, 2010 . 45 35 Upper panel: Ideal ages to become a father or mother. Lower panel: Age when one is too old to have a(nother) child. European Social Survey Round 3, 2006{2007 . 46 36 Percentage Christian denominations, EVS/WVS, 2005{2013 . 48 37 Percentage tend to agree `Child needs a home with father and mother,' EVS/WVS, 1981{1984 . 49 38 Percentage tend to agree `Child needs a home with father and mother,' EVS/WVS, 1989{1991 . 50 39 Percentage tend to agree `Child needs a home with father and mother,' EVS/WVS, 1995-2001 . 50 40 Percentage tend to agree `Child needs a home with father and mother,' EVS/WVS, 2005{2013 . 51 41 Percentage thinking that a woman needs children to be fulfilled, EVS/WVS, 1981{1984 . 52 42 Percentage thinking that a woman needs children to be fulfilled, EVS/WVS, 1989{1991 . 53 43 Percentage thinking that a woman needs children to be fulfilled, EVS/WVS, 1995-2001 . 53 44 Percentage thinking that a woman needs children to be fulfilled, EVS/WVS, 2005{2013 . 54 45 Percentage not wanting homosexuals as neighbors, EVS/WVS, 1989{1993 . 55 46 Percentage not wanting homosexuals as neighbors, EVS/WVS, 1995{2001 . 56 47 Percentage not wanting homosexuals as neighbors, EVS/WVS, 2005{2013 . 56 48 Percentage agree `Marriage is an outdated institution,' EVS/WVS, 1981{1984 . 57 49 Percentage agree `Marriage is an outdated institution,' EVS/WVS, 1989{1991 . 57 4 50 Percentage agree `Marriage is an outdated institution,' EVS/WVS, 1995-2001 . 58 51 Percentage agree `Marriage is an outdated institution,' EVS/WVS, 2005{2013 . 58 52 Percentage approving women choosing to be single mothers, EVS/WVS, 1981{1984 . 59 53 Percentage approving women choosing to be single mothers, EVS/WVS, 1989{1991 . 60 54 Percentage approving women choosing to be single mothers, EVS/WVS, 1995-2001 . 60 55 Percentage approving women choosing to be single mothers EVS/WVS, 2005{2013 . 61 56 Percentage Catholics, EVS/WVS, 1981{1984 . 61 57 Percentage Catholics, EVS/WVS, 1989{1991 . 62 58 Percentage Catholics, EVS/WVS, 1995-2001 . 62 59 Percentage Catholics, EVS/WVS, 2005{2013 . 63 60 Percentage Protestants, EVS/WVS, 1981{1984 . 64 61 Percentage Protestants, EVS/WVS, 1989{1991 . 64 62 Percentage Protestants, EVS/WVS, 1995-2001 .