Pre-Engineering and Design Services - East Coast Roads ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (ESIA) June 2019 TYPSA Group C/ Gomera, 9 28703 - S.S. de los Reyes (Madrid) Tel. +34 917 227 300 e-mail: [email protected] www.typsa.com Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Impact Assessment QUALITY CONTROL SHEET DOCUMENT Environmental and Social Impact Assessment PROJECT Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads CODE RD1415-FD-ESIA-Ed03 INITIALS AK SC AUTHOR DATE 12/09/2019 13/09/2019 INITIALS AME VERIFIED DATE 19/09/2019 RECIPIENT Ministry of Environment, Climate Resilience, Disaster Management and Urban Renewal NOTES RD1415-FD-ESIA-Ed03 1 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Impact Assessment CONTENTS 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................................... 9 2. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................... 12 3. ESIA METHODOLOGY .................................................................................................................. 13 3.1. THE ESIA TEAM ............................................................................................................................ 13 3.2. ENVIRONMENTAL ....................................................................................................................... 13 3.3. SOCIAL ........................................................................................................................................ 13 4. POLICY, LEGAL, AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK ............................................................... 15 4.1. ENVIRONMENTAL ....................................................................................................................... 15 4.1.1. National Environmental Policy ................................................................................... 15 4.1.1.1. Biodiversity and natural resources ........................................................... 15 4.1.1.2. Land use ..................................................................................................... 16 4.1.1.3. Energy and the transportation sector ..................................................... 17 4.1.1.4. Climate change and hazard management ......................................... 18 4.1.2. Relevant Legislation .................................................................................................... 19 4.1.2.1. Management of lands .............................................................................. 20 4.1.2.2. Services and utilities ................................................................................... 22 4.1.2.3. Pollution Control ......................................................................................... 23 4.1.2.4. Employment ............................................................................................... 24 4.1.2.5. Other relevant legislation ......................................................................... 25 4.1.3. Conventions ................................................................................................................. 25 4.1.4. World Bank Environmental Safeguards Policies ...................................................... 27 4.1.5. Institutions ..................................................................................................................... 29 4.2. SOCIAL ........................................................................................................................................ 30 5. PROJECT DESCRIPTION ............................................................................................................... 32 5.1. DESIGN BASIS .............................................................................................................................. 32 5.1.1. Design criteria .............................................................................................................. 32 5.1.2. Design approach ........................................................................................................ 33 5.1.3. Design recommendations.......................................................................................... 33 5.2. DESCRIPTION OF THE ROAD SEGMENTS ................................................................................... 34 5.3. DESCRIPTION OF VARIOUS WORKS ELEMENTS ........................................................................ 36 5.3.1. Construction phase..................................................................................................... 37 5.3.1.1. Vegetation and topsoil removal ............................................................. 37 5.3.1.2. Earthworks and slope stabilisation ........................................................... 37 5.3.1.3. Pavement Construction ............................................................................ 37 5.3.1.4. Bridges and associated works .................................................................. 38 5.3.1.5. Large culverts ............................................................................................. 41 5.3.1.6. Retaining walls ........................................................................................... 44 2 RD1415-FD-ESIA-Ed03 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Impact Assessment CONTENTS 5.3.1.7. Small culverts .............................................................................................. 46 5.3.1.8. Debris flow mitigation ................................................................................ 48 5.3.1.9. Quarrying and sourcing of construction materials and equipment .................................................................................................. 51 5.3.1.10. Spoil disposal .............................................................................................. 55 5.3.2. Operational phase ...................................................................................................... 58 5.3.2.1. Existing maintenance capacity ............................................................... 58 5.3.2.2. Requirements for maintenance ............................................................... 58 5.3.2.3. Inspections .................................................................................................. 58 5.3.2.4. Maintenance plan .................................................................................... 59 6. SOCIAL ENGAGEMENT PLAN ..................................................................................................... 61 7. BASELINE DATA ........................................................................................................................... 63 7.1. PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT .......................................................................................................... 63 7.1.1. Topography and Relief ............................................................................................... 63 7.1.2. Climate ......................................................................................................................... 63 7.1.2.1. Climate change projections .................................................................... 65 7.1.3. Air quality...................................................................................................................... 66 7.1.4. Geology and geomorphology .................................................................................. 66 7.1.4.1. Geology ...................................................................................................... 66 7.1.4.2. Geomorphology ........................................................................................ 67 7.1.5. Hydrology ..................................................................................................................... 67 7.1.6. Water quality ............................................................................................................... 74 7.1.7. Water use ..................................................................................................................... 75 7.1.8. Hydrogeology .............................................................................................................. 76 7.1.9. Soils ................................................................................................................................ 76 7.1.10. Public Utilities and Other Uses in the Road Reserve ................................................ 77 7.2. BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTS ................................................................................................... 78 7.2.1. Vegetation ................................................................................................................... 78 7.2.1.1. Natural vegetation and flora ................................................................... 79 7.2.1.1.1 Lower Montane Rainforest .................................................................................... 8 7.2.1.1.2 Littoral Woodland .................................................................................................. 8 7.2.1.2. Cultivated and forested areas................................................................. 81 7.2.2. Fauna ...........................................................................................................................