Part II 209 SITUATION IN TERRITORIES IN AFRICA UNDER sanctions, as provided in General Assembly resolu- PORTUGUESE ADMINISTRATION tions 1807 (XVII) and 1819 (XVII). The explanatory memorandum concluded by quoting the relevant provi- INITIAL PROCEEDIKGS sions of the resolution on decolonization adopted at the By letter”3 dated 11 July 1963, the representatives Addis Ababa Conference. Among these was a decision of Algeria, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African to send a delegation of Ministers of Foreign Affairs Republic, Chad, Congo (Brazzaville), Congo (Leopold- (of Liberia, Madagascar, Sierra Leone and Tunisia) ville), Dahomey, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Ivory to speak on behalf of all African States at the meet- Coast, Liberia, Libya, hladagascar, Nali, Mauritania, ing of the Security Council which would be convened hlorocco, Nger, h’igeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra to examine the report of the Committee of Twenty- Leone, Somalia, Sudan, Tanganyika, Togo, Tunisia, Four concerning “the situation in African territories Uganda, United Arab Republic and Upper Volta re- under Portuguese domination”. quested the President of the Security Council to con- At the 1040th meeting on 22 July 1963, the Security vene an urgent meeting of the Council to consider Council included the question in its agenda.a’The “the situation in the territories under Portuguese President (Morocco) invited the representatives of domination”. Liberia, Madagascar, Portugal, Sierra Leone and Tunisia to participate in the discussion. %‘The Council The letter declared that: considered the question at the 1040th to 1049th meet- “the state of war prevailing in some of these ings held betiiteen 22 and 31 July 1963. territories following the persistent refusal of Portugal to comply with the provisions of resolution Decision of 31 July 1963 (1049th meeting): 1514 (XV) of the General Assembly of the United 0i Affirming that Portugal’s claim to the African Nations and particularly those contained in the territories under its administration as an in- resolution of the Security Council dated 9 June 1961, tegral part of metropolitan Portugal was con- constitutes a definite breach of peace and security trary to the principles of the Charter and in the African continent as well as a threat to relevant resolutiork of the Gene& Assemb& international peace and security.” and the Security Council; The “extreme gravity” of the situation thus created (ii) Deprecating the attitude of the Portuguese had been a matter of deep concern to the Heads of Government, its repeated violations of the State at the Conference of Addis Ababa (22-25 Pvlay principles of the Charter and its continued 1963) who adopted a resolution the relevant provisions refusal to implement the resolutions of the of which were quoted in an explanatory memorandum General Assembly and the Security Council; attached to the letter. (iii) Determining that the situation in the territories under Portuguese administration was seriously In the explanatory memorandum it was stated that, disturbing peace and security in Africa; “in view of the failure of the Government of Portugal (iv) Urgentiy calling upon Portugal to implement to co-operate with the Sub-Committee [on the situation certain stated measures, including the recog- in Angola] and to carry out the resolutions of the nition of the right of the peoples of the terri- Security Council and the General Assembly”, the tories under its administration to self-deter- General Assembly had adopted resolutions 1807 (XVII) mination and eventually to grant independence and 1819 (XVII) which included a request to the to all those territories; Security Council “to take appropriate measures, in- 0V Requesting all States to refrain from offering . eluding sanctions? to secure Portugal’s compliance” the Portuguese Government any assistance with the respective resolutions of the General which would enable it to continue its repression Assembly and of the Security Council. The Government of the peoples of the territories under its of Portugal, however, had continued “its repressive administration, and to take all measures to measures and use of armed force against the in- prevent the sale of arms and military equip digenous population of these territories “. The memo- ment to the Portuguese Government. randum referred further to the decision of the (vi) Requesting the Secretary-General to ensure Security Council of 24 April 1963’xdeploring viola- the implementation of the resolution, to furnish tions of Senegalese territory, and to the Portuguese such assistance as he deemed necessary and to Government’s rejection of the recent invitation of report to the Security Council by 31 Oc to&r 1963 the Special Committee on the Situation with regard to the Implementation of the Declaration on the The Foreign Ministers of Liberia*, Sierra Leone* Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and and Tunisia*, and the Finance hlinister of Mada- Peoples (Committee of Twenty-Four) to attend its gascar*, speaking at the 1040th and 104lst meetings meeting, and its refusal to receive a sub-committee *as representatives of all the independent States of of that orgm to hold consultations with it. In those tirica under indigenous rule”, stated that under circumstances, the Special Committee had adopted a General Assembly resolution 1542 (XV) and in the resolution on 4 April 1963 drawing the immediate light of the provisions 0;’ the Charter, the territories attention of the Security Council to the situation in under the administration of Portugal listed in that the territories under Portuguese administration with resolution were Non-Self-Governing Territories with- It view to its taking appropriate measures, including in the meming of Chapter XI of the Charter. It fol- 55;/ S/5347, CLR, 18th year, Suppl. for Jdy-Sept. 1363, pp. 6-10. 5j3/ 1040th meeting: para. 6. ?5d/ Resolunon S/5293, see pp. 205-206 above. 560/ 1040th rzeeting: para. 7. 210 Chapter VIZ Maintenance of international peace and security lowed from the text of the resolution that the United this violence, he inquired whether it was lawful for Nations considered the so-called “overseas” terri- Members of the United Nations to provide military tories not to be an integral part of Portugal. camps, to train foreign guerillas, to send volunteers and to supply arms to be used against a fellow The representatives of the African Heads of State Member. He maintained that the very foundation of and Governments were before the Security Council Portuguese policy was its opposition to policies of to request that it take actiontoensuregreater respect for, and compliance with, the resolutions already racial supremacy or segregation, and its aim was passed by the United Nations on the Portuguese- an integrated multiracial society with equal political administered territories even if it meant the imposi- rights, educational opportunities, and economic and social possibilities for all. From September 1963 tion of sanctions against Portugal. The refusal of the Government of Portugal to recognize the right of the through the beginning of 1964, elections to repre- sentative bodies were to be held on the basis of the African peoples under Portuguese domination to self- determination and to see that right extended to terri- Organic Law adopted in 1963, thus assuring the tories under its responsibility was the direct causeof widest participation in the Portuguese political and the bloody conflict which had erupted inside those administrative structure. In connexion with state- colonies and which had overflowed their frontiers ments to the effect that the Portuguese Government and threatened neighbouring countries. This already had always refused to co-operate with the United Nations, the Minister referred to its specific invita- dangerous situation had become explosive and con- tions for visits and suggestions for conversations with stituted a threat to international peace and security, as the African countries for the consideration of African the resolutions of 9 June 1961 and 24 April 19635%’had problems. However, no response had been received. indicated. The situation which was considered by the In conclusion, he addressed a personal invitation to Security Council in its resolution of 9 June 1961 the Foreign Ministers of Tunisia, Liberia and Sierra as likely to endanger the maintenance of international peace and security had thus become a serious threat Leone and the Finance Minister of Madagascar to to peace. This threat was mainly due to the constant visit Angola and Mozambique, each Minister at his convenience, as a gue& of Portugal. w m *-- increase by the Portuguese Government of its military -- potential in the colonial territories, notably in Angola At the 1044th meeting on 26 July 1963, the repre- and in Portuguese Guinea. sentative of Ghana introduced a draft resolutions= jointly submitted with Morocco and the Philippines. The measures adopted by the Security Council inits resolution of 9 June 1961 were provisional measures, At the 1948th meeting on 30 July 1963, the repre- and non-compliance with them constituted premedi- sentative of Venezuela submitted amend*mentsSh5/to tated dereliction on the part of a Member State. the three-Power joint draft resolution, which at the 1049th meeting were accepted’aby its sponsors. It was necessary for the Council to ask the Govern- ment of Portugal to decide, within a reasonably short At the same meeting the joint draft resolution was time, to renounce its theory of the extension of adopted, as amended,