Peak-Flood Inundation Map of the Peshawar Basin (A Case Study) Presenter: Shah F Khan Research Group members: M. Asif Khan (T.I), M. Ali & Abdul Wahab National Centre of Excellence in Geology, University of Peshawar Jindai River River Swat entering Indus River Peshawar Basin Terbela Resevoir River Kabul entering Peshawar Basin 2010 Super Flood in Peshawar Basin The 2010 flood in Peshawar Basin was one of the biggest floods in the history. Major rainstorm occurred in the NW Himlaya- Hindu Kush region July 28, 2010 and continued till July, 30, 2010 The flood started on July 28th and peaked July 29th and 30th. Major parts of Peshawar, Charsadda and Nowshera districts were inundated, with Mardan and Swabi Districts partially affected. Satistics : dead, houseses, livestock, cropland, etc. Objectives When the flood level went beyond the danger level the rescue/response became imminent. Rescue/Response was severely hindered by lack of knowledge about the location and distribution of affected/stranded population. Breakdown of road network. There was no flood map available for planner to pinpoint vulnerable area/population. This study was to document and create a flood map for Peshawar Basin for future such eventualities. Input Data 1. Post flood satellite image by NASA dated 04 August 2010 (A colour composite having blue, green, red and NIR bands) 2. Pre flood satellite image of SPOT 2.5m (A colour composite having blue, green, red and NIR bands) 3. DEM 30m (ASTER) 4. Google earth online 0.6m resolution data 5. General Topographic Sheets 6. GPS data through field visits Methodology (Techniques used for mapping Peak-Flood Inundation ) Remote Sensing technique (Visual and Digital image processing) GIS technique Digitization, database creation (Geo-database) Spatial overlays on Google earth. Field visits for ground truthing, GPS data, flood height 1. Remote Sensing technique Satellite image interpretation Visual Interpretation Digital Image Processing (Digital Image Analysis) Interpretation of remote sensing imageries involve the identification of Digital image analysis or processing is a set various targets in an image in order to of specialized techniques and computer extract useful information about them. processing tools used to enhance the visual appearance of images and extract information from remotely sensed imagery. Elements of Visual Image Interpretation Geometric Correction Tone Shape Color composites Size Supervised Image classification Pattern Texture Shadow Post flood satellite image of NASA was geo-referenced via Site image to image geo-referencing method, toposheets were geo-referenced directly through coordinated given on its Association sides. N Natural Colour Composite on Google earth N False Colour Composite, Pre-flood image of SPOT Charsadda M1 Nisatta Risalpur M1 Kheshgi Peshawar Nowshera Kalan Nowshera Cantt GT Road 1:48,357 N False Colour Composite, Post-flood image by NASA Dated August 04, 2010. Charsadda M1 Nisatta Risalpur M1 Kheshgi Peshawar Nowshera Kalan Nowshera Cantt GT Road Scale 1:48,357 N False Colour Composite, Pre-flood image of SPOT Charsadda M1 Nisatta Risalpur M1 Kheshgi Peshawar Nowshera Kalan Nowshera Cantt GT Road 1:48,357 Risalpur Risalpur Nowshera Kalan Nowshera Kalan Nowshera Nowshera Nowshera, Pre-flood Nowshera, Post-flood Oct 7, 2010 Aug 5, 2010 Nowshera Kalan, Nowshera-Charsadda road 18 feet Flood map developed through supervised classification method N of August 04, 2010 image of NASA, later used for Peak-Flood Inundation Map in GIS Charsadda M1 Nisatta Risalpur M1 Kheshgi Peshawar Nowshera Kalan Nowshera Cantt GT Road Scale 1:48,357 Visual interpretation for Peak-Flood Inundation Map N Scale 1:48,357 Swat River Abazai River Jindai River (Khayali) Area with no flood (Dark red colour) Umarzai (Charsadda) Flooded Area (Pink colour) Turangzai (Charsadda) Flooded Area Junction of (Pink colour) Abazai River & Jindai River Variations in Tone/ Colour Site/Association Peak-Flood Inundation Map through GIS technique N Swat River Abazai River Jindai River (Khayali) Area with no flood (Dark red colour) Flooded Area Flooded Area Junction of Abazai River & Jindai River Scale 1:48,357 2. GIS Technique A common Geo-referenced platform to assimilate data from divergent sources and can be easily displayed in a layer by layer form. Digitization of the following layers in ArcGIS 1. Peak-Flood Inundation Map in the form of a database (Geo- database) from 4th August image of NASA 2. Normal river course (main rivers and small rivers) SPOT 2.5 m resolution image 3. Contours (From GT Sheets of 1:50,000 and ASTER DEM 30m) 4. Point map showing flood height at different places collected through various field visits 5. Spatial overly of the above layers on Google earth images online Utmanzai Peshawar Area of Normal River course in sqKm 16% Flood area in sqKm 84% Total Area covered by water = 330 Km2 Area of Normal River Course = 51.4 Km2 Inundation = 278.6 Km2 ~ 120m ~ 70m Jindi river bridge ~ 600m Kabul river bridge Top of the fence along motorway M1: Charsadda- Peshawar section Fence along motorway 10 feet Pushtun Garhi, GT Road near Pabbi 12 feet Pushtun Garhi near Kabul river Kabul diver (river), Nowshera, north of Kabul river More than 15 feet 18 feet Nowshera Kalan, Nowshera-Charsadda road Telephone pole on Nowshera-Mardan Road 15 -20 feet 8 feet Tariq Shaheed bus stop in Dheri Mian Ishaq, Aman Kot, near Pabbi 8 feet 7 feet A house on Peshawar-Charsadda road A house on Peshawar-Charsadda road near river Swat (Khayali) near Budhni Nala Peshawar Jindi river bridge on M1 motorway (Peshawar-Charsadda section) Shops along road side, Mardan road Nowshera (01 Aug 2010) Broken Bridge on River Swat (i.e. Khayali river), Charsadda Peshawar-Charsadda road Mardan road at Nowshera (01 Aug 2010) Pushtun Garhi, Pabbi Near river Kabul Flood water damages to cropland in the affected area Flood water on main Nowshera-Charsadda road Demolished houses due to flood in Bara river near Camp koroona Taru Jabba, Peshawar Demolished houses due to flood In Pushtun Garhi, near Pabbi Flood water inundated main Nowshera-Mardan road and a school On this road (01 Aug 2010) Thank You .