UNITED STATES HISTORY Civil Rights Era Jackie Robinson Integrates “I Have a Dream” MLB 1945-1975 March on Washington Little Rock Nine 1963 1957 Brown vs Board of Ed. 1954 Civil Rights Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Workers Murdered born 1929 - assassinated1968 1964 Vocabulary • Separate, but Equal - Supreme Court decision that said that separate (but equal) facilities, institutions, and laws for people of different races were were permitted by the Constitution • Segregation - separation of people into groups by race. It may apply to activities such as eating in a restaurant, drinking from a water fountain, riding public transportation, or any public activity • Jim Crow laws - State and local laws passed between 1876 and 1965 that required racial segregation in all public facilities in Southern states that created “legal separate but equal" treatment for African Americans • Integration laws requiring public facilities to be available to people of all races; It’s the opposite of segregation Vocabulary • Civil Disobedience - Refusing to obey certain laws, demands, and commands of a government as a form of non-violent protest - it was used by Gandhi in India and Dr. King in the USA • 13th Amendment - Constitutional amendment that abolished slavery - passed in 1865 • 14th Amendment - Constitutional amendment that guaranteed equal protection of the law to all citizens - passed in 1868 • Lynching - murder by a mob, usually by hanging. Often used by racists to terrorize and intimidate African Americans • Civil Rights Act of 1964 - Law proposed by President Kennedy and eventually made law under President Johnson. The law guaranteed voting rights and fair treatment of African Americans especially in the Southern States People • Mohandus Gandhi (1869-1948) - Used non-violent civil disobedience; Led India to independence and inspired movements for non-violence, civil rights and freedom across the world; his life influenced Dr. King • Martin Luther King Jr. (1929-1968) - clergyman, activist, and leader in the Civil Rights Movement; best known for his role in the advancement of civil rights using nonviolent civil disobedience; assassinated in 1968 • Thurgood Marshall (1908-1993) - Civil Rights lawyer who was best known for his success rate arguing cases before the Supreme Court and for the victory in Brown v. Board of Education. Supreme Courts Court's first African-American justice. • Rosa Parks (1913-2005) - she helped start the Montgomery Bus Boycott that ended segregated seating on public transportation in Alabama; First Lady of US Civil Rights Movement People • Jackie Robinson (1919-1972) - Athlete and Civil Rights Pioneer; In 1947 he was the first African American to play Major League Baseball • John F. Kennedy (1917-1963) - 35th President of USA, he supported the Civil Rights Movement and helped end segregation in several states. He was assassinated in 1963 • Lyndon B. Johnson (1908-1973) - 36th President of USA, he also supported the Civil Rights Movement and helped enact the Civil Rights Laws of 1964 to guarantee African Americans their civil rights • James Meredith - (1933 - ) In 1962, he was the first African American student admitted to the segregated University of Mississippi, • Medger Evers (1925-1963) Mississippi African American civil rights leader. He was assassinated in 1963 for his efforts to register African Americans to vote Elizabeth Eckford September 3, 1957 1997 Emmet Till Time Line of Civil Rights • 1941-1945 - World War II • 1946 - U.S. Military is de-segregated • 1947 - Jackie Robinson - first African American to play MLB • 1954 - Brown vs. Board of Education decision • 1954 - Emmet Till murdered in Mississippi • 1955-56 - Rosa Parks - bus boycott in Montgomery AL • 1957-59 - Little Rock Nine - Little Rock Central High School desegregated • 1962 - James Meredith integrates University of Mississippi • 1963 - Medgar Evers Assassinated • 1963 - March on Washington, DC • 1963 - President Kennedy assassinated in Dallas Time Line of Civil Rights • 1964 - Freedom Summer - three Civil Rights workers murdered in Mississippi • 1964 - 1975 - Vietnam War; Americans troops sent to fight insurgents in a small country in Southeast Asia • 1968 - Martin Luther King and Robert Kennedy assassinated • 1968 - As US sends more troops to Vietnam,many Americans protest the war and in favor of civil rights for African Americans • 1970 - Jackson State / Kent State Shootings - Protesting Students killed; Mr. Sullivan graduates from High School • 1975 - last US troops leave Vietnam, War ends Name: _______________ Ernest Green Story Date: ________________ Plot Pyramid Section: ______________ Climax Rising Falling Action Action Exposition Resolution Ernest Green Story Okra The Little Rock Nine They didn't start out as the “Little Rock Nine,” but now they are in America's history books together. These nine students and their parents were theDaisy true heroes of the crisis at Central High School They kept their faith that the GloriaTerrence process was right and that what theyBates endured would give them opportunities they deserved. RayRoberts Ernest Jefferson Green Melba Thomas Petillo Minijean Elizabeth Carlotta Eckford ThelmaBrown Walls Mothershed The Little Rock Nine • Ernest Green In 1958, he became the first black student to graduate from Central High School. He graduated from Michigan State University and served as Assistant Secretary of Housing and Urban Affairs under President Jimmy Carter. He currently is a managing partner and vice president of Lehman Brothers in Washington, D.C. • Elizabeth Eckford The only one of the nine still living in Little Rock, Elizabeth made a career of the U.S. Army that included work as a journalist. In 1974, she returned to the home in which she grew up and is now a part-time social worker and mother of two sons. • Jefferson Thomas He graduated from Central in 1960, following a year in which Little Rock's public high schools were ordered closed by the legislature to prevent desegregation. He was an accountant with the U.S. Department of Defense. He passed away in 2010. The Little Rock Nine • Dr. Terrence Roberts Following the historic year at Central, his family moved to Los Angeles where he completed high school. He earned a doctorate degree and teaches at the University of California at Los Angeles and Antioch College. He also is a clinical psychologist. • Carlotta Walls Lanier One of only three of the nine who eventually graduated from Central, she and Jefferson Thomas returned for their senior year in 1959. She graduated from Michigan State University and presently lives in Englewood, Colorado, where she is in real estate. • Melba Pattillo Beals She is an author and former journalist for People magazine and NBC and lives in San Francisco. The Little Rock Nine • G____ R___ K______ She graduated from Illinois Technical College and received a post-graduate degree in Stockholm, Sweden. She was a prolific computer science writer and at one time successfully published magazines in 39 countries. Now retired, she divides her time between homes in Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and Stockholm, where her husband's family lives. • T______ M__________-W_____ She graduated from college, then made a career of teaching. She lives in Belleville, Illinois, where she is a volunteer in a program for abused women. • M_______ B______ T_____ She was expelled from Central High in February, 1958, after several incidents, including her dumping a bowl of chili on one of her antagonists in the school cafeteria. She moved with her husband to Canada during the Vietnam War protests of the 1960s and today is a writer and social worker in Ontario. She is presently filming a documentary on her life. The Little Rock Nine They didn't start out as the “Little Rock Nine,” but now they are in America's history books together. These nine students and their parents were the true heroes of the crisis at Central High School They kept their faith that the process was right and that what they endured would give them opportunities they deserved. Little Rock Nine National Memorial The memorial, dedicated in 2005, pays homage to the Little Rock Nine students who integrated Little Rock Central High School in 1957. These nine African American teenagers – Melba Pattillo, Elizabeth Eckford, Ernest Green, Gloria Ray, Carlotta Walls, Terrence Roberts, Jefferson Thomas, Minnijean Brown and Thelma Mothershed -- are now immortalized in a striking memorial located on the grounds of the Arkansas State Capitol in Little Rock. Each statue has a small plaque with the name of the student and a brief quote about their experience back in 1957. 1. Sylvia 2. Gary 3. DJ 4. Lester 5. Leola 6. Aunt Bessie 7. Mr. Crandall 8. Rachel Characters 9. Miss Washington 10. Daisy Bates Horace Mann School 2016 Today it is a "Magnet" Middle School Little Rock Central High School 2016.