STUDY ON IMPACT OF URBANIZATION AND RAPID Title URBAN EXPANSION IN JAVA AND JABODETABEK MEGACITY, INDONESIA( Dissertation_全文 ) Author(s) Andrea, Emma Pravitasari Citation 京都大学 Issue Date 2015-09-24 URL https://doi.org/10.14989/doctor.k19347 Right Type Thesis or Dissertation Textversion ETD Kyoto University STUDY ON IMPACT OF URBANIZATION AND RAPID URBAN EXPANSION IN JAVA AND JABODETABEK MEGACITY, INDONESIA 2015 Andrea Emma Pravitasari TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Research Background ................................................................................................................................. 1 1.2 The General Objectives .............................................................................................................................. 4 1.3 Structure of The Dissertation ..................................................................................................................... 5 REFERENCES ..................................................................................................................................................... 6 CHAPTER 2. LITERATURE REVIEW AND GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY AREA .................................................................................................................................................... 9 2.1 Review on The Concept of Cities, Megacities, Urbanization, and Suburbanization ..................................... 9 2.1.1 Cities and Megacities ................................................................................................................................ 9 2.1.2 Urbanization ............................................................................................................................................ 11 2.1.3 Suburbanization ...................................................................................................................................... 14 2.1.4 Urbanization and Suburbanization in Indonesia ..................................................................................... 16 2.2 Study Area ............................................................................................................................................... 17 2.2.1 The Java Island ........................................................................................................................................ 17 2.2.2 The Greater Jakarta (Jabodetabek Megacity) ......................................................................................... 25 2.3 Research Methods ................................................................................................................................... 30 2.3.1 Geographically Weighted Regression...................................................................................................... 30 2.3.2 Global and Local Moran Index ................................................................................................................. 32 REFERENCES ................................................................................................................................................... 33 CHAPTER 3. URBANIZATION AND RAPID URBAN DEVELOPMENT IN JAVA ISLAND ............................................................................................................................................................. 35 3.1 Population Growth and Urban Development Process in Java ................................................................... 35 3.2 The Causes and Effects of Urbanization and Rapid Urban Development .................................................. 39 3.3 Exploring Local Factors Affecting Urbanization or Rapid Urban Development in Java .............................. 41 3.3.1 Data and Variables .................................................................................................................................. 41 3.3.2 Results and Discussion ............................................................................................................................ 43 3.3.3 Conclusion and Recommendations ......................................................................................................... 48 REFERENCES ................................................................................................................................................... 49 CHAPTER 4. URBAN EXPANSION AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF JABODETABEK MEGACITY.......................................................................................................... 51 i 4.1 Jabodetabek’s Urban Expansion and the Environment ............................................................................ 51 4.2 The Problems and Environmental Impacts in Jakarta and its Peripheries ................................................. 57 4.3 Detection of Spatial Clusters of Flood- and Landslide- Prone Areas using Local Moran Index in Jabodetabek Megacity ................................................................................................................................... 63 4.3.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 63 4.3.2 Data and Methodology ........................................................................................................................... 66 4.3.3 Results and Discussion ............................................................................................................................ 68 4.4 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................................... 73 REFERENCES ................................................................................................................................................... 74 CHAPTER 5. LOCAL DRIVING FORCES OF URBAN EXPANSION IN JABODETABEK MEGACITY ........................................................................................................................................ 77 5.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................. 77 5.2 Data and Variables ................................................................................................................................... 79 5.3 Results and Discussion ............................................................................................................................. 81 5.4 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................................... 90 REFERENCES ................................................................................................................................................... 91 CHAPTER 6. DEVELOPING A LOCAL SUSTAINABILITY INDEX CONSIDERING LOCAL SPATIAL INTERDEPENDENCY ................................................................................................... 95 6.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................. 95 6.1.1 The Concept of Sustainability and Sustainable Development ................................................................. 95 6.1.2 The Concept of Indicator and Sustainability Indicators .......................................................................... 97 6.1.3 Research Objectives ................................................................................................................................ 99 6.1.4 Study Area ............................................................................................................................................ 100 6.2 Methodology ......................................................................................................................................... 101 6.2.1 Factor Analysis (FA) as the method for measuring Local Sustainability Index (LSI) .............................. 101 6.2.2 Data and variables ................................................................................................................................. 102 6.3 Results and Discussion ........................................................................................................................... 103 6.3.1 Factor loadings of economy, social, and environmental FA .................................................................. 103 6.3.2 The spatial distribution and spatial association of LSI on three dimensions......................................... 105 6.4 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................................. 106 REFERENCES ................................................................................................................................................. 107 CHAPTER 7. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS ................................................... 111 ii LIST OF TABLES Table 2 - 1. Name of 5 metropolitan areas, regions, population, total area and population density ........ 23 Table 2 - 2. Comparison of GDP, area, population shares, and GDP per capita in Jakarta, Bodetabek, Jabodetabek and Rest of Indonesia in 2010 ........................................................................... 29 Table 3 - 1. The