Chinese Physics B (¥¥¥IIIÔÔÔnnn B) Published monthly in hard copy by the Chinese Physical Society and online by IOP Publishing, Temple Circus, Temple Way, Bristol BS1 6HG, UK Institutional subscription information: 2017 volume For all countries, except the United States, Canada and Central and South America, the subscription rate per annual volume is UK$974 (electronic only) or UK$1063 (print + electronic). Delivery is by air-speeded mail from the United Kingdom. Orders to: Journals Subscription Fulfilment, IOP Publishing, Temple Circus, Temple Way, Bristol BS1 6HG, UK For the United States, Canada and Central and South America, the subscription rate per annual volume is US$1925 (electronic only) or US$2100 (print + electronic). Delivery is by transatlantic airfreight and onward mailing. Orders to: IOP Publishing, P. O. Box 320, Congers, NY 10920-0320, USA c 2017 Chinese Physical Society and IOP Publishing Ltd All rights reserved. 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Box 603, Beijing 100190, China Tel: (86 - 10) 82649026 or 82649519, Fax: (86 - 10) 82649027, E-mail: [email protected] Ì+ü : ¥I‰Æ ISÚ˜rÒ: ISSN 1674{1056 Ì•ü : ¥IÔnƬڥI‰ÆÔnïĤ ISÚ˜rÒ: CN 11{5639/O4 Ì ?: î¨ð ?6Ü/Œ: ® ¥'~ ¥I‰ÆÔnïĤS Ñ ‡: ¥IÔnƬ Ï Õ / Œ: 100190 ® 603 &‡ <MC¾: ®‰&<Mk•úi > {: (010) 82649026, 82649519 ? 6: Chinese Physics B ?6Ü D ý: (010) 82649027 ISu1: Chinese Physics B чu1Ü \Chinese Physics B"Œ: I u1: IOP Publishing Ltd http://cpb.iphy.ac.cn (?6Ü) u1‰Œ: úmu1 http://iopscience.iop.org/cpb (IOPP) Published by the Chinese Physical Society ¯¯¯ Advisory Board •Z Ç, ¬ Prof. Academician Chen Jia-Er ®ŒÆÔnÆ, ® 100871 School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China ¾ à Ç, ¬ Prof. Academician Feng Duan H®ŒÆÔnX, H® 210093 Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China o Ç, ¬ Prof. Academician T. D. Lee Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA ¶ï¥ Ç, ¬ Prof. Academician Samuel C. C. Ting LEP3, CERN, CH-1211, Geneva 23, Switzerland w Ç, ¬ Prof. Academician C. N. Yang Institute for Theoretical Physics, State University of New York, USA 4[ Ç, ¬ Prof. Academician Yang Fu-Jia EŒÆÔnX, þ° 200433 Department of Nuclear Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China ±1ð ïÄ , ¬ Prof. Academician Zhou Guang-Zhao (Chou Kuang-Chao) ¥I‰ÆEâ¬, ® 100863 China Association for Science and Technology, Beijing 100863, China D ïÄ , ¬ Prof. Academician Wang Nai-Yan ¥IfU‰ÆïÄ, ® 102413 China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing 102413, China ù¹À ïÄ , ¬ Prof. Academician Liang Jing-Kui ¥I‰ÆÔnïĤ, ® 100190 Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China 2016{2019 ÌÌÌ ??? Editor-in-Chief î¨ð ïÄ , ¬ Prof. Academician Ouyang Zhong-Can ¥I‰ÆnØÔnïĤ, Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, ® 100190 Beijing 100190, China BBBÌÌÌ??? Associate Editors ë§p ïÄ , ¬ Prof. Academician Zhao Zhong-Xian ¥I‰ÆÔnïĤ, ® 100190 Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China I ïÄ , ¬ Prof. Academician Yang Guo-Zhen ¥I‰ÆÔnïĤ, ® 100190 Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China Ü # ïÄ , ¬ Prof. Academician Zhang Jie þ°ÏŒÆÔn†U©X, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, þ° 200240 Shanghai 200240, China 0½• Ç, ¬ Prof. Academician Xing Ding-Yu H®ŒÆÔnÆ, H® 210093 School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China !Š ïÄ , ¬ Prof. Academician Shen Bao-Gen ¥I‰ÆÔnïĤ, ® 100190 Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China ÷ᘠÇ, ¬ Prof. Academician Gong Qi-Huang ®ŒÆÔnÆ, ® 100871 School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China ÅÙ% Ç, ¬ Prof. Academician Xue Qi-Kun ˜uŒÆÔnX, ® 100084 Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China ! ² Ç Prof. Sheng Ping †l‰EŒÆÔnÆX, †lÊO Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China ???666””” Editorial Board 2013{2018 Prof. Antonio H. Castro Neto Physics Department, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117546, Singapore Prof. Chia-Ling Chien Department of Physics and Astronomy, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA Prof. David Andelman School of Physics and Astronomy§Tel Aviv University§Tel Aviv 69978, Israel Prof. Masao Doi Toyota Physical and Chemical Research Institute§Yokomichi, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1192, Japan Prof. Michiyoshi Tanaka Research Institute for Scientific Measurements, Tohoku University, Katahira 2{1{1, Aoba-ku 980, Sendai, Japan Prof. Werner A. Hofer Stephenson Institute for Renewable Energy, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK ¶ Ç Prof. Ding Jun Department of Materials Science & Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore åpè ïÄ , ¬ Prof. Academician He Xian-Tu ®A^Ôn†OŽêÆïĤ, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing 100088, ® 100088 China 7¡¸ Ç Prof. Jin Xiao-Feng EŒÆÔnX, þ° 200433 Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China oV# ïÄ Prof. Li Ru-Xin ¥I‰Æþ°1Æ°—ÅïĤ, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of þ° 201800 Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China ½ å ïÄ Prof. L¨uLi ¥I‰ÆÔnïĤ, ® 100190 Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China o¡1 Ç Prof. Li Xiao-Guang ¥I‰ÆEâŒÆÔnX, Ü• 230026 Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China !1 Ç Prof. Shen Yuan-Rang Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA æy Ç Prof. Wang Ya-Yu ˜uŒÆÔnX, ® 100084 Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China Œ+ ïÄ Prof. Wang Yu-Peng ¥I‰ÆÔnïĤ, ® 100190 Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China ï¥ Ç Prof. Wang Zhao-Zhong Laboratory for Photonics and Nanostructures(LPN) CNRS{UPR20, Route de Nozay, 91460 Marcoussis, France ª°m Ç Prof. Wen Hai-Hu H®ŒÆÔnÆX, H® 210093 School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China M–Ð ïÄ , ¬ Prof. Academician Xu Zhi-Zhan ¥I‰Æþ°1Æ°—ÅïĤ, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of þ° 201800 Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China N®Y BÇ Associate Prof. Xu Cen-Ke Department of Physics§University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA “ Ç Prof. Ye Jun Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA ܉ Ç Prof. Z. Y. Zhang Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831{6032, USA 2015{2020 Prof. J. Y. Rhee Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea Prof. Robert J. Joynt Physics Department, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA §ïS Ç Prof. Cheng Jian-Chun H®ŒÆÔnÆ, H® 210093 School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China • F ïÄ Prof. Dai Xi ¥I‰ÆÔnïĤ§® 100190 Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China H1ð Ç, ¬ Prof. Academician Guo Guang-Can ¥I‰ÆEâŒÆÔnÆ, School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Ü• 230026 Hefei 230026, China 4Š( ÏnÇ Assist. Prof. Liu Chao-Xing Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, PA 16802-6300, USA 4 F Ç Prof. Liu Ying þ°ÏŒÆÔn†U©X, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, þ° 200240 Shanghai 200240, China 9?° Ç Prof. Long Gui-Lu ˜uŒÆÔnX, ® 100084 Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China Ú ^ Ç Prof. Niu Qian Department of Physics, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA îÜ Ç, ¬ Prof. Academician Ouyang Qi ®ŒÆÔnÆ, ® 100871 School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China šDÁ Ç Prof. Sun Xiu-Dong MTó’ŒÆÔnX, MT 150001 Department of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China Ö|¬ Ç Prof. Tong Li-Min úôŒÆ1>&Eó§ÆX, Department of Optical Engineering, Zhejiang University, ɲ 310027 Hangzhou 310027, China Ö$ Ç Prof. Tong Penger †l‰EŒÆÔnX, †lÊO Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China ml ïÄ Prof. Wang Kai-You ¥I‰ÆŒNïĤ, ® 100083 Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China Ÿ€• Ç Prof. Wei Su-Huai ¥Ió§ÔnïÄ®OŽ‰ÆïÄ Beijing Computational Science Research Center, China Academy of ¥%, ® 100094 Engineering Physics, Beijing 100094, China )g ïÄ , ¬ Prof. Academician Xie Si-Shen ¥I‰ÆÔnïĤ, ® 100190 Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China “ŠŸ ïÄ , ¬ Prof. Academician Ye Chao-Hui ¥I‰ÆÉÇÔn†êÆïĤ, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, ÉÇ 430071 Wuhan 430071, China •² Ç Prof. Yu Ming-Yang Theoretical Physics I, Ruhr University, D-44780 Bochum, Germany ÜLS Ç Prof. Zhang Fu-Chun †lŒÆÔnX, †l Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China Ü ] Ç Prof. Zhang Yong Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, USA x Å Ç Prof. Zheng Bo úôŒÆÔnX, ɲ 310027 Physics Department, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China ±,ô ïÄ Prof. Zhou Xing-Jiang ¥I‰ÆÔnïĤ, ® 100190 Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China 2017{2020 ¾•² Ç Prof. Feng Shi-Ping ®“‰ŒÆÔnX, ® 100875 Department of Physics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China põ ïÄ , ¬ Prof. Academician Gao Hong-Jun ¥I‰ÆÔnïĤ, ® 100190 Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China •“ ïÄ Prof. Gu Chang-Zhi ¥I‰ÆÔnïĤ, ® 100190 Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China k Ç Prof. Hu Gang ®“‰ŒÆÔnX, ® 100875 Department of Physics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China mŒl ïÄ Prof. Nie Yu-Xin ¥I‰ÆÔnïĤ, ® 100190 Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China ï• Ç, ¬ Prof. Academician Pan Jian-Wei ¥I‰ÆEâŒÆC“ÔnX, Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of Ü• 230026 China, Hefei 230026, China !“Ê Ç Prof. Shen Zhi-Xun Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305{4045, USA šâ ïÄ , ¬ Prof.