FE S TIV AL S HOL Y DAYS , , A N D S A I N T S ’ D A Y S . A S T U DY I N O R I G I N S A N D S U RVIVAL S I N CHURCH CEREMONIES C‘f SECU LAR C U M STO S. B THE L L U Y E . RLIN , AUTHOR OF " N C I G NCIE N AND M E R N DA N A T OD . " S H R HIS RY OF M RRI GE ETC A O T TO A A , . WITH EIGHT ILLUSTRATIONS L NDON SIMPKIN MARSHALL O , , AM I TD H L T N K E N T £5 CO. L O , , ’ 4 S TAT I O N E RS HAL L COURT, a c . I C) Z O D A AS N l iJ ‘ ux AN D TO , T NS ILDE N FO UNDA TIO . Copyright M IL N M RSH LL , HA TO , S IM P K I , A A N CO . KENTZSC LTD P R E F A C E M N e t t ae t A Y gr a scholars , bo h arch ologis s and anthro ol o ists e s th e p g , hav di cussed obscurities surrounding F s th e origin of e tivals . Th e e of t not t o id a his little book is dogmatize , b ut t n t or ra her to ote prac ices still existing , but e e lately obsolete , to trac their probabl connexion Wi of a nd W th those the Middle Ages , here a pre n n x n ca n t Christia con e io be traced , to men ion it With due reserve . In ne e n e W b e some cases , bygo cer mo i s ill de scribed for th e sake of the light they throw on many n n still survivi g amo gst us . English ceremonies i b e fir e a nd t n t t w ll st regard d, he such Con inen al or East ern rite s a s ca n be compared With those o f th e n n m E glish people , i dicating a si ilar origin . Th e e ndeavour will b e t o s elect those Which deserve n te t e t te b ut not t o tt t o by h ir ypical charac r , a emp to cover such a huge field as th e de scription of the Catholic ceremonies in all countri e s must necessarily n e . t e e et t n e t e i volv A li tl r p i io may som im s occur , vu n s o for th e e of and whe this is , it will be sak com n s pariso with other u ages . Festivals ca n probably be t race d t o the fe elings of o f n j y and thank ulness common to mankind, whe t of N n the grea processes ature come in their an ual , mi n t n . yet to the pri tive mind, u cer ai courses n of f of t The retur spring a ter the gloom win er , n th e with its new life in pla t and seed , reappearance of n cor and fruit , followed by their reaping and in housing later their seasons ; these , roughly i n of speak ng , have always been the great eve ts ’ u n of man s ye ar . The ret r the sun after the winter th e of solstice , apparently great originator this new life and th e bringer of it t o maturity but also in n n th a c its u certai ty inspiring dread , w the n n ne of n compa yi g ed propitiatio , and sacrifices a re s w n all these things a sociated ith huma beliefs , t a nd e n es in e nt f e ri es , c remo i , very cou ry rom tim al immemori . Very often th e Nature-origin of the Fe stival f en a nd t has been orgott , its religious charac er preserved quit e apart from its origin . Scholars have prove d th e Gre ek a nd Roman Fe stivals to t e N tu - n a nd n possess hes a re origi s , the processio s s on t n a nd ni n e n culptured Egyp ia Babylo a r mai s , wt t t o t e s f t e e th e nte sho ha h m al o , es ivals w r appoi d vm e n of e t t n of a nd t t e m a s expr ssing heirpropitia io , gra i ud th e a nd n to Powers , whose symbols images are bor e in th e n n n t o processio s . To the a tique mi d , whom N ndl of ature supplied an e ess succession symbols , there was no sense of incongruity such as we might - in t o feel to day, mingling ideas which seem us s o di s o a nd verse , but to them obvious , as the death ni resurrection of a divi ty, and the desolation and death of winter followed by th e revival of vegetation in spring . N - di The Old ature worships ed hard , and the Early Fathers of the Church found it advisable t o of ol d let the people retain many the rites , mingling with them those testifying t o more spiritual beliefs . The treat ment Of the chief Christian Festivals and Saints ’—Days will be an endeavour to render more plain this mingling of the Olden worship with h e ne t w . URLIN ETHEL L . L IST OF IL L U STRATION S TRIUMPH OF THE INNOCENTS Holma H F rontir iccc W. n unt) p I A F a c n I O a l i . N TIVITY ( fter Botticel i) g p A A Y 2 . NNUNCIATION OF VIRGIN M R Fra Angelica) U F X a a A lica 3 . CR CI I ION ( fter Fr nge ) a 4. RESURRECTION ( fter Ba zz i) . V S OF T A a ter Veroncrc 5 I ION S . HELEN ( f ) 6 S a ter Titia n . T C P S . HRI TO HER ( f ) T M C A a ter Ra ha el 7. S . I H EL ( f p ) L ITU RG ICAL C OL OU RS WHI TE (OR SI LVER) is us e d for Christmas , Circumcision , Epiphany, Easter , a nd of Feasts of Blessed Virgin Mary, Saints who were not Martyrs . RED For Exaltation , and Invention Of the Cross , Ch ris ti Pe nt e cos t a nd of Corpus , , Feasts Martyrs . GREEN For n not n f all Su days , bei g other estivals . VI OLE T For nt n a nd nt D Adve , Le t , all Penite ial ays e t F BLACK e xcep Good riday , when is us d . C A L E N D A R THE ANNUAL O RDER OF THE SAINTS ’ DAYS AND FESTIVAL S ‘ I be En lit b ca lenda r ba r been ollowed witb ( g f , s ome ex ceptions) 7AN UAR2’ ’ New e Da Fe t o f th e I . Y ar s y ( as Circum i io c s n) . Da f t s Da . 6. Twel th y (Old Chris ma y) Epiphany . St . nes . 2 1 . Ag St n e n o f . 2 5. Paul (Co v rsio ) FEBRUAR Y 1 . t . St Bridge F of t e n t h t . 2 . Ca dlemas ( eas Purifica ion) 3 . St . Blaise . 5. St . Agatha . ne . I 4. St . Valenti Calendar Md RCH D . I . St . avid 1 St . 7. Patrick Shrove Tues day . Mothering Sunday . Carling Sunday . 2 D a t of t e nn n t n . 5. Lady y (Feas h A u cia io ) Palm Sunday . Good Friday. Da East er y . ’ D St e a . G orge s y St . Mark . t n Roga ion Su day. Feast of SS . Philip a nd nt of Inve ion Cros s . n n Da Asce sio y . Whit suntide . t Trini y Sunday . Corpus Christi . t N t t St John the Baptis , a ivi y summer Da y) ' ’ a /ena a r Christoph er . AUGUST I Da . Lammas y I . of e 5 Assumption Bless d Virgin Mary . 2 . e . 4 St . Bartholom w SEPTEMBE R 1 . H Da 4 oly Cross y . 29 . Michaelmas Da y Micha el Angels) . OCTOBE R 8 St . 1 . Luke 2 St . 5. Crispin N O VEMBE R l nt . I . A l Sai s l 2 Al l . Sou s I I n . St . Martin (Marti mas) 2 . e . 3 St . Clem nt 2 ne . 5. St . Catheri 0 n . 3 . St . A drew XV Calendar DECEMBE R N 6 . St . icholas . 2 1 St . Thomas Eve . 24. Christmas Da l 2 h t . 5. C ristmas y (Yu e ide) 2 6. St . Stephen . i Da nn e t s . 2 8 . Ch ldermas y (Holy I oc n ) N t of . 3 1 . Last igh the Old Year ’ E Sa intr Da : a r omi d it bicb no s e a o NOT .