IAEA-TECDOC-1800 IAEA-TECDOC-1800 IAEA TECDOC SERIES National Residue Control Programmes for Antibiotic and Anthelmintic Veterinary Drug Residues Anthelmintic Antibiotic and National Residue Control Programmes for Analytical Methods and Strategies to Strengthen Allied Development of Radiometric and IAEA-TECDOC-1800 Development of Radiometric and Allied Analytical Methods and Strategies to Strengthen National Residue Control Programmes for Antibiotic and Anthelmintic Veterinary Drug Residues Final Report of a Coordinated Research Project International Atomic Energy Agency Vienna ISBN 978–92–0–106416–5 ISSN 1011–4289 @ 16-28621_TE-1800_cover.indd 1-3 2016-08-16 13:23:51 DEVELOPMENT OF RADIOMETRIC AND ALLIED ANALYTICAL METHODS AND STRATEGIES TO STRENGTHEN NATIONAL RESIDUE CONTROL PROGRAMMES FOR ANTIBIOTIC AND ANTHELMINTIC VETERINARY DRUG RESIDUES The Agency’s Statute was approved on 23 October 1956 by the Conference on the Statute of the IAEA held at United Nations Headquarters, New York; it entered into force on 29 July 1957. The Headquarters of the Agency are situated in Vienna. Its principal objective is “to accelerate and enlarge the contribution of atomic energy to peace, health and prosperity throughout the world’’. IAEA-TECDOC-1800 DEVELOPMENT OF RADIOMETRIC AND ALLIED ANALYTICAL METHODS AND STRATEGIES TO STRENGTHEN NATIONAL RESIDUE CONTROL PROGRAMMES FOR ANTIBIOTIC AND ANTHELMINTIC VETERINARY DRUG RESIDUES FINAL REPORT OF A COORDINATED RESEARCH PROJECT PREPARED BY THE JOINT FAO/IAEA DIVISION OF NUCLEAR TECHNIQUES IN FOOD AND AGRICULTURE INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY VIENNA, 2016 COPYRIGHT NOTICE All IAEA scientific and technical publications are protected by the terms of the Universal Copyright Convention as adopted in 1952 (Berne) and as revised in 1972 (Paris). The copyright has since been extended by the World Intellectual Property Organization (Geneva) to include electronic and virtual intellectual property. 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Title: Development of radiometric and allied analytical methods and strategies to strengthen national residue control programmes for antibiotic and anthelmintic veterinary drug residues / International Atomic Energy Agency. Description: Vienna : International Atomic Energy Agency, 2016. | Series: IAEA TECDOC series, ISSN 1011–4289 ; no. 1800 | Includes bibliographical references. Identifiers: IAEAL 16-01059 | ISBN 978–92–0–106416–5 (paperback : alk. paper) Subjects: LCSH: Veterinary drug residues. | Nuclear activation analysis. | Chemistry, Analytic — Quantitative. FOREWORD Awareness of food safety is rising among consumers, and many importing countries implement food control regulations to guarantee the quality and safety of imported foods for their consumers. Many developing countries have also taken steps to put in place control systems that encourage responsible use of veterinary medicines to combat possible drug resistance, control drug residues and ensure compliance with international and national standards. However, these countries still require the necessary know-how and skills to protect local consumers and to access international markets. One significant constraint is the capacity of laboratory services to generate surveillance data using reliable and cost effective analytical methods validated to national and international standards. The IAEA coordinated research project (CRP) on the Development of Radiometric and Allied Analytical Methods to Strengthen National Residue Control Programmes for Antibiotic and Anthelmintic Veterinary Drug Residues was initiated in 2009 to conduct work on robust nuclear and related technologies suitable for the screening and confirmatory analysis of residues of veterinary medicines, including antimicrobials and anthelmintics commonly used in animal production, with public health and trade significance. The CRP also explored mechanisms to enhance networking among research institutions involved in research on pharmacologically active veterinary drug residues in food (primarily) and environmental samples. The project was implemented by the Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture between 2009 and 2014 and involved eleven research contracts and one technical contract, five research agreements and one institution. The CRP was a continuation of the CRP on the Development of Strategies for the Effective Monitoring of Veterinary Drug Residues in Livestock and Livestock Products in Developing Countries and the key findings are also summarized in this publication. The IAEA officers responsible for this publication were A. Cannavan and J.J. Sasanya of the Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture. EDITORIAL NOTE This publication has been prepared from the original material as submitted by the contributors and has not been edited by the editorial staff of the IAEA. The views expressed remain the responsibility of the contributors and do not necessarily represent the views of the IAEA or its Member States. Neither the IAEA nor its Member States assume any responsibility for consequences which may arise from the use of this publication. This publication does not address questions of responsibility, legal or otherwise, for acts or omissions on the part of any person. 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Contents SUMMARY ........................................................................................................................... 1 1. BACKGROUND ........................................................................................................... 1 2. OBJECTIVE ................................................................................................................. 1 3. SCOPE .......................................................................................................................... 2 4. STRUCTURE ............................................................................................................... 2 5. BRIEF REVIEW AND ANALYSIS OF RESEARCH PAPERS .................................... 2 PAPERS PRESENTED .......................................................................................................... 7 THE DEVELOPMENT OF MICROBIOLOGICAL MULTI–RESIDUE AND ALLIED LC–MS/MS METHODS TO MONITOR THE VETERINARY DRUG RESIDUES IN THE ENVIRONMENT ......................................................................... 8 PHARMACOKINETICS OF FLUMEQUINE IN FARMED SEA BREAM (SPARUS AURATUS) USING LABELED DRUG ....................................................................... 31 CONFIRMATORY METHOD FOR THE DETECTION OF AMINOGLYCOSIDES IN MUSCLE, LIVER AND KIDNEY BY LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY– ELECTROSPRAY TANDEM MASS SPECTROMETRY .......................................... 43 DEVELOPMENT, STANDARDIZATION AND APPLICATION OF A MULTIPARAMETRIC ASSAY, DOT–ELISA–MULTI, TO DETECT ENROFLOXACIN AND CIPROFLOXACIN IN CHICKEN MEAT .......................... 59 INVESTIGATING SUSPECTED NATURAL SOURCES OF CAP AND RESIDUES OF THE DRUG IN ANIMAL, PLANT AND SOIL SAMPLES IN MONGOLIA ....... 81 APPLICATION OF AN ISOTOPE DILUTION METHOD TO INVESTIGATE THE POSSIBLE NATURAL OCCURRENCE OF CHLORAMPHENICOL IN POULTRY LITTER .................................................................................................... 99 DEVELOPMENT OF MICROBIOLOGICAL SCREENING METHOD FOR THE DETECTION OF MULTI–RESIDUES OF ANTIMICROBIAL SUBSTANCES ...... 106 DEVELOPMENT OF IMMUNOASSAYS FOR SELECTED ANTIBIOTICS FOR THE DETECTION AND MONITORING OF THE DRUG RESIDUES IN LIVESTOCK AND LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS ........................................................ 127 CHARACTERIZATION BY ENZYME LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY AND BIOSENSOR TECHNOLOGIES OF ANTIBODIES TO CHLORAMPHENICOL PRODUCED IN CAMEL, DONKEY AND